A high-voltage capacitor voltage-division type electric energy metering device

Abstract

The application relates to a high-voltage capacitor voltage division type electric energy metering device, which comprises a sealed shell, a high-voltage capacitor voltage division unit, a metering module unit, a temperature control unit and a state monitoring unit. The sealed shell is composed of a metal base and an insulating upper cover to form a closed cavity. The high-voltage capacitor voltage division unit comprises a high-voltage electrode, a low-voltage electrode and a composite insulating material dielectric layer. The metering module unit comprises a signal conditioning circuit board and a metering chip. The temperature control unit comprises a semiconductor refrigeration sheet, a heat dissipation fin and a temperature sensor. The state monitoring unit comprises a humidity sensor and a pressure balance membrane. The device realizes long-term stable operation through integrated structure design and combination of temperature control and state monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of voltage divider energy metering technology, and in particular to a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider energy metering device. Background Technology

[0002] Voltage divider energy metering devices are used for measuring energy in high-voltage power systems. They convert high voltage into low voltage proportionally using the voltage divider principle for use by metering and measuring equipment. Voltage divider metering devices are developing towards integration, wider frequency range, and higher precision. For example, an integrated high-voltage metering device that combines a primary high-voltage sensor and a secondary metering module can reduce size, improve installation safety and convenience, and achieve 0.2S-level accuracy. To address power system harmonic issues, wide-frequency capacitive voltage dividers employ technologies such as compressed gas standard capacitors to achieve high-precision measurement over a wide frequency range. When using voltage divider energy metering devices, the following points should be noted: regular maintenance and calibration, strict prohibition of overpressure, and attention to the temperature and humidity of the operating environment.

[0003] However, using some existing voltage divider-type energy metering devices requires regular maintenance and calibration, prohibition of overpressure, and strict control of the operating environment's temperature and humidity. These requirements constitute operational complexity and maintenance burden in practical applications, and the existing structure has limitations in terms of long-term operational stability and environmental adaptability. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type energy metering device to solve the technical problems of existing voltage divider type energy metering devices having limitations in long-term operational stability and environmental adaptability, as well as complex maintenance and operation. To solve the above problems, the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type energy metering device provided by this utility model adopts the following technical solution: A high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type energy metering device includes a sealed housing, a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit, a metering module unit, a temperature control unit, and a status monitoring unit. The sealed housing consists of a metal base and an insulating top cover. The bottom of the metal base has a mounting flange, and the insulating top cover is pressed and connected to the metal base through a sealing ring to form a sealed cavity. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit includes a high-voltage electrode, a low-voltage electrode, and a dielectric layer. The high-voltage electrode has a cylindrical structure and penetrates the top of the insulating top cover. The low-voltage electrode has a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the high-voltage electrode. The dielectric layer is filled between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode by a composite insulating material. The metering module unit is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sealed housing and includes a signal conditioning circuit board and a metering chip. The signal conditioning circuit board is connected to the low-voltage electrode through a shielded wire, and the metering chip is soldered to the central area of ​​the signal conditioning circuit board. The temperature control unit includes a thermoelectric cooler, heat sink fins, and a temperature sensor. The thermoelectric cooler is mounted on the inner wall of the metal base, the heat sink array is arranged on the outer surface of the metal base, and the temperature sensor is located near the metering chip. The status monitoring unit includes a humidity sensor and a pressure balancing diaphragm. The humidity sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the insulating top cover, and the pressure balancing diaphragm is made of an elastic composite material and is located at the vent hole on the side wall of the metal base.

[0005] In the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit, the high-voltage electrode adopts a stepped shaft structure, with a coarse-diameter section at the top and a fine-diameter section at the bottom. The outer surface of the coarse-diameter section has an anti-corona ring groove. The low-voltage electrode employs a multi-layer shielding structure, including an inner conductive layer, a middle insulating layer, and an outer shielding layer. A uniform electric field region is formed between the inner conductive layer and the high-voltage electrode. The dielectric layer is vacuum-cast from a mixture of epoxy resin and nano-alumina, with a uniformly distributed glass fiber reinforced mesh inside. In the metering module unit, the signal conditioning circuit board is a four-layer printed circuit board with a grounded copper foil on its surface. The metering chip uses a BGA package and is connected to the circuit board via a solder ball array. In the temperature control unit, the hot end of the semiconductor cooling chip is tightly bonded to the inner wall of the metal base using thermal grease, while the cold end faces the metering chip. The heat sink fins and the metal base are manufactured using an integrated molding process. In the status monitoring unit, the humidity sensor is fixed to the insulating cover via a sealed connector. The pressure balancing diaphragm is composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene film and a stainless steel support mesh, with its edges fixed around the vent holes by pressure rings.

[0006] As a further improvement, the inner wall of the metal base of the sealed housing is provided with an electromagnetic shielding layer, which is composed of a copper mesh and a magnetically conductive alloy foil laminated together, and its edges are electrically connected to the mounting flange. An equalizing ring is provided on the top of the insulating cover, which is made of aluminum alloy and fixed to the top of the high-voltage electrode via a threaded connection.

[0007] As a further improvement, the low-voltage electrode of the high-voltage capacitor divider unit is equipped with a calibration interface. The calibration interface includes a standard signal input terminal and a self-test circuit. The standard signal input terminal adopts a coaxial connector structure, and the self-test circuit is integrated into the signal conditioning circuit board and includes a reference voltage source and a comparator.

[0008] As a further improvement, the metering module unit is equipped with a dual protection structure, which includes a metal shield and an insulating coating. The metal shield is placed outside the metering chip and fixed to the signal conditioning circuit board with screws, while the insulating coating is applied to the surface of the signal conditioning circuit board.

[0009] As a further improvement, the temperature control unit is equipped with an adaptive regulation circuit, which includes a microprocessor and a drive module. The microprocessor acquires the internal temperature data through a temperature sensor, and the drive module adjusts the operating current of the semiconductor cooling chip according to the temperature data.

[0010] As a further improvement, the status monitoring unit is equipped with a data communication module, which adopts fiber optic transmission and includes a light transmitter and a light receiver. The light transmitter is connected to the humidity sensor through a flexible circuit, and the light receiver is externally connected to a sealed housing.

[0011] As a further improvement, the mounting flange of the sealing housing is provided with multiple mounting holes, which are evenly distributed along the circumference, and an insulating bushing is embedded in the mounting holes.

[0012] As a further improvement, a composite sealing structure is adopted at the connection between the high-voltage electrode and the insulating cover. The composite sealing structure includes a rubber sealing ring and a silicone filling layer. The rubber sealing ring is set at the stepped surface of the high-voltage electrode, and the silicone filling layer is injected into the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the insulating cover.

[0013] As a further improvement, the metering module unit is equipped with a power management circuit, which includes a surge protector and a voltage regulator. The surge protector is connected in series at the power input terminal, and the voltage regulator uses a linear voltage regulator chip and is installed in the power area of ​​the signal conditioning circuit board.

[0014] As a further improvement, a mechanical support frame is provided inside the sealed housing. The mechanical support frame includes a horizontal partition and a vertical support column. The horizontal partition is fixed to the bottom of the metal base by the vertical support column. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit and the metering module unit are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the horizontal partition.

[0015] This utility model discloses a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device. Through the integrated structural design of the sealed shell and the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit, combined with the synergistic effect of the temperature control unit and the status monitoring unit, the device achieves long-term stable operation in high-voltage environments. Its unique composite insulating medium, multi-layer shielded electrodes, and intelligent temperature control system effectively improve the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability of the device, significantly reduce maintenance requirements, and substantially improve the reliability and convenience of power metering in high-voltage power systems. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the magnified mechanism of the metering module unit of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the metering module unit and power management circuit structure in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the temperature control unit and adaptive regulation circuit in this utility model; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the status monitoring unit and data communication module in this utility model; In the diagram, 1. Sealed housing; 2. Metal base; 3. Insulating top cover; 4. Mounting flange; 5. Sealing ring; 6. High-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit; 7. High-voltage electrode; 8. Low-voltage electrode; 9. Dielectric layer; 10. Metering module unit; 11. Signal conditioning circuit board; 12. Metering chip; 13. Temperature control unit; 14. Semiconductor cooling chip; 15. Heat sink fins; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. Status monitoring unit; 18. Humidity sensor; 19. Pressure balancing membrane; 20. Electromagnetic shielding layer; 21. Equalizing ring; 22. Calibration interface; 23. Metal shielding cover; 24. Insulating coating; 25. Adaptive control circuit; 26. Data communication module; 27. Mounting hole; 28. Insulating bushing; 29. ​​Composite sealing structure; 30. Power management circuit; 31. Mechanical support frame. Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0017] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0019] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type energy metering device. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1 to 3 The overall structure of this high-voltage capacitor voltage divider energy metering device mainly includes a sealed housing 1, a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit 6, a metering module unit 10, a temperature control unit 13, and a status monitoring unit 17. These core units work together in physical structure to form a fully functional metering system.

[0023] The sealed housing 1, serving as the external protective structure of the entire device, has a cylindrical or near-cylindrical geometric shape. Its interior defines and forms a sealed cavity space, providing containment and physical protection for the internal electronic components. Specifically, the sealed housing 1 is intricately composed of two main parts: a metal base 2 and an insulating top cover 3. The metal base 2 is typically made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, which possesses excellent thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance, and is integrally formed through precision casting or CNC machining. An annular mounting flange 4 extends integrally from the bottom outer edge of the metal base 2. The mounting flange 4 has a flat annular structure with a predetermined thickness and radial width, and its lower surface forms a stable mounting plane, facilitating the fixation of the device to an external support structure. The insulating top cover 3 is generally made of high-strength, high-voltage-resistant, UV-resistant, and excellent dielectric properties epoxy resin composite material or special ceramic material, formed through a high-precision molding process, and its external contour is dome-shaped or hemispherical. The bottom edge of the insulating cover 3 is designed with an annular mating surface that precisely matches the top edge structure of the metal base 2. The press-fit connection between the insulating cover 3 and the metal base 2 is achieved through an annular sealing ring 5. The sealing ring 5 is typically made of highly elastic, high-temperature resistant, chemically corrosion resistant, and dimensionally stable silicone rubber or fluororubber, and its cross-section is usually circular or rectangular. When the insulating cover 3 and the metal base 2 are press-fitted together, the sealing ring 5 is precisely fitted into the annular mating groove formed by the top edge of the metal base 2 and the bottom edge of the insulating cover 3. The elastic deformation of the sealing ring 5 forms a tight physical barrier at the fitting position. This physical barrier effectively isolates the internal environment of the cavity from external moisture, dust, corrosive gases, and other harmful substances, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of the internal precision electronic components in harsh environments. The outer surface of the metal base 2 is usually subjected to fine passivation treatment or uniform spraying of anti-corrosion coating, and the outer surface of the insulating cover 3 is also subjected to ultraviolet stabilization treatment. These surface treatment processes enhance the adaptability and durability of the sealed housing 1 to various environmental factors.

[0024] The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit 6 is partially or entirely integrated into the internal space of the sealed housing 1. Its core physical structure includes a high-voltage electrode 7, a low-voltage electrode 8, and a dielectric layer 9. The high-voltage electrode 7 is precision-machined from a copper or aluminum alloy material with high conductivity, resistance to corona corrosion, and good mechanical strength. It presents a stepped shaft structure, specifically: its upper part is a large-diameter cylindrical section, and its lower part connects to a smaller-diameter cylindrical section via a conical transition or right-angle step. The large-diameter section of the high-voltage electrode 7 extends upwards from the top center of the insulating cover 3, and its outer surface has at least one annular anti-corona groove. The anti-corona groove has a semi-circular or V-shaped cross-section and is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the large-diameter section. The physical morphology of the groove reduces the electric field concentration structurally by altering the distribution of the surrounding electric field lines, thereby suppressing the occurrence of high-voltage corona discharge. The low-voltage electrode 8 employs a multi-layer shielding design, featuring a hollow ring structure precisely and concentrically fitted around the narrow section of the high-voltage electrode 7. Specifically, the multi-layer shielding structure includes an inner conductive layer, an intermediate insulating layer, and an outer shielding layer. The inner conductive layer is typically made of thin-walled copper foil or a conductive polymer film, maintaining a predetermined uniform radial distance from the narrow section of the high-voltage electrode 7. This uniform radial distance ensures a highly uniform electric field region between the inner conductive layer and the high-voltage electrode 7, a crucial structural foundation for guaranteeing the linearity and stability of the capacitor voltage division ratio. The intermediate insulating layer, composed of multiple layers of polyimide or Teflon film tightly wound around the inner conductive layer, provides the primary electrical insulation barrier. The outer shielding layer, made of a grounded copper mesh or conductive coating, wraps around the intermediate insulating layer and is electrically connected to the metal base 2 via a physical connection, further structurally suppressing the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the low-voltage signal. The dielectric layer 9, serving as the core insulating and dielectric material of the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit 6, is a composite material made from a precisely proportioned mixture of epoxy resin and nano-alumina particles, formed through a rigorous vacuum casting process. The uniform dispersion of the nano-alumina particles enhances the dielectric constant and insulation strength of the dielectric. During vacuum casting, a glass fiber reinforced mesh of a predetermined density is uniformly distributed within it. This glass fiber reinforced mesh, exhibiting a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mesh structure, significantly improves the mechanical strength, crack resistance, and thermal stability of the dielectric layer 9 by providing internal skeletal support, ensuring its structural integrity under long-term high-voltage electric field and temperature variation stress. The dielectric layer 9 completely and bubble-free fills the space between the outer surface of the narrow diameter section of the high-voltage electrode 7 and the inner diameter of the low-voltage electrode 8, forming a stable capacitor voltage divider structure.

[0025] The metering module unit 10 is securely mounted in the bottom area inside the sealed housing 1. Its main physical components include a signal conditioning circuit board 11 and a metering chip 12. The signal conditioning circuit board 11 adopts a high-performance four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure, which has high wiring density and excellent electromagnetic interference resistance. A large area of ​​grounding copper foil is laid on the surface of the signal conditioning circuit board 11. This grounding copper foil is electrically connected to the internal ground plane and the bottom ground plane through multiple copper-plated vias. Its structure provides good electromagnetic shielding and forms a stable reference ground potential. The signal conditioning circuit board 11 is electrically connected to the low-voltage electrode 8 through one or more shielded wires. The shielded wires are usually coaxial cables, with the central conductor transmitting the low-voltage signal. The outer shielding layer is reliably connected to the grounding copper foil of the signal conditioning circuit board 11 and the outer shielding layer of the low-voltage electrode 8. This connection structure minimizes electromagnetic interference and noise coupling during signal transmission. The metering chip 12 is packaged in a highly integrated, multi-pin BGA (Ball Grid Array) package. Its bottom solder ball array is precisely soldered to the corresponding pad array in the central area of ​​the signal conditioning circuit board 11, achieving both electrical connection and mechanical fixation. The metering chip 12 is typically a dedicated high-precision energy metering integrated circuit. Its internal circuitry samples, quantizes, and calculates the voltage signal obtained from the high-voltage capacitor divider unit 6 to generate accurate energy metering data. The mounting position of the metering module unit 10 is carefully designed to maintain a reasonable physical distance from the high-electric-field region of the high-voltage capacitor divider unit 6, and the signal conditioning circuit board 11 is reliably fixed to the inner bottom of the metal base 2 using appropriate mechanical fasteners, such as insulating studs and nuts.

[0026] The temperature control unit 13 is integrated into the internal space of the sealed housing 1. Its main physical structure includes a thermoelectric cooler 14, a set of heat sink fins 15, and a temperature sensor 16. The thermoelectric cooler 14 typically employs a Peltier module based on the Peltier effect, which features a compact size, no moving mechanical parts, and active cooling capabilities. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooler 14 is tightly bonded to the inner wall of the metal base 2 via a layer of highly thermally conductive silicone grease. The silicone grease is uniformly coated on the contact surface, ensuring effective heat conduction from the thermoelectric cooler 14 to the metal base 2. The cold end of the thermoelectric cooler 14 is precisely oriented towards the metering chip 12, maintaining a small physical gap or indirect contact with it via a thermal pad. This structure enables localized cooling of the metering chip 12 and its surrounding microenvironment. The heat sink fins 15 are arranged in a regular array on the outer surface of the metal base 2. The heat dissipation fins 15 and the metal base 2 are manufactured using an integral molding process, such as die casting or extrusion molding. The material is the same as that of the metal base 2, typically a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy. The geometric parameters of the heat dissipation fins 15, such as height, thickness, and spacing, are optimized to provide maximum heat dissipation surface area and efficient air convection paths. Their surface undergoes a black anodizing treatment to enhance thermal radiation capabilities. The temperature sensor 16 employs a high-precision, high-response platinum resistance thermometer or thermistor. Its physical position is precisely set in the vicinity of the metering chip 12, for example, mounted on the signal conditioning circuit board 11 close to the metering chip 12, or fixed within a few millimeters of the metering chip 12 by a miniature insulating bracket. This structure allows the temperature sensor 16 to monitor the operating temperature of the metering chip 12 and the temperature of its surrounding microenvironment in real time and accurately.

[0027] The status monitoring unit 17 is used to monitor the environmental status parameters inside the sealed housing 1. Its main physical structure includes a humidity sensor 18 and a pressure balancing membrane 19. The humidity sensor 18 is a high-precision, low-drift digital temperature and humidity sensor, which is physically embedded in the inner wall of the insulating cover 3. The humidity sensor 18 is firmly fixed to a pre-reserved hole on the insulating cover 3 through a sealing joint. The sealing joint is threaded and supplemented with an O-ring rubber seal to ensure the sealing integrity of the connection and prevent external moisture from entering the internal cavity through the connection point. The sensing element of the humidity sensor 18 faces the internal cavity of the sealed housing 1 to obtain the relative humidity data of the internal air in real time. The pressure balancing membrane 19 is made of an elastic composite material, specifically composed of a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with a microporous structure and a stainless steel support mesh. The PTFE film has excellent air permeability and water impermeability, and is also chemically inert and corrosion resistant. The stainless steel support mesh has a precise grid structure, providing the necessary mechanical support strength. The pressure balancing membrane 19 is positioned at a pre-designed vent hole on the side wall of the metal base 2. The diameter and physical location of the vent hole are precisely designed, typically located on the upper side wall of the metal base 2. The edge of the pressure balancing membrane 19 is fixed to the periphery of the vent hole by an annular pressure ring. The pressure ring is typically made of stainless steel and is used to firmly press the pressure balancing membrane 19 against the vent hole opening using screws or welding. This structure physically balances the internal and external air pressure while preventing the entry of moisture and dust, ensuring a clean and dry environment inside the sealed cavity.

[0028] Example 2 In another embodiment of this invention, the structure of the sealing housing 1 has been further optimized. Please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 3 An electromagnetic shielding layer 20 is added to the inner wall of the metal base 2. The electromagnetic shielding layer 20 is composed of a finely woven copper mesh and a layer of magnetically conductive alloy foil laminated together. The copper mesh is typically woven from high-purity oxygen-free copper wire, possessing excellent conductivity, and its structure physically reflects and absorbs high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The magnetically conductive alloy foil is typically made of permalloy or amorphous alloy material, possessing high magnetic permeability, and its structure physically absorbs and shields low-frequency magnetic fields. The copper mesh and magnetically conductive alloy foil are tightly bonded together using adhesives or pressing processes to form a composite shielding structure that is tightly attached to the entire inner wall surface of the metal base 2. The edges of the electromagnetic shielding layer 20 are electrically connected to the mounting flange 4 via conductive adhesive or spot welding, forming a complete grounding loop. This grounding loop significantly enhances the ability of the sealed housing 1 to suppress external electromagnetic interference, thereby protecting sensitive internal electronic components from electromagnetic radiation.

[0029] Meanwhile, an equalizing ring 21 is added circumferentially at the top center of the insulating cover 3, where the coarse-diameter section of the high-voltage electrode 7 extends beyond the top of the insulating cover 3. The equalizing ring 21 is precision-machined from aluminum alloy with a smooth surface and rounded edges. It is ring-shaped or disc-shaped with a predetermined outer diameter and thickness. The equalizing ring 21 is threadedly connected and fixed to the top of the high-voltage electrode 7 via an internal threaded structure, ensuring reliable electrical contact. The physical arrangement of the equalizing ring 21 optimizes the electric field distribution at the top of the high-voltage electrode 7 when it is connected to an external high-voltage line, resulting in a more uniform electric field distribution. This avoids tip discharge caused by excessively high local electric fields, further improving the reliability and anti-corona performance of the high-voltage insulation.

[0030] In this embodiment, the mounting flange 4 has also undergone functional optimization in its structure. Multiple mounting holes 27 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the flat annular structure of the mounting flange 4. The mounting holes 27 are circular, and the number is typically 3 to 6, to provide a stable three-point or multi-point support mounting position. An insulating bushing 28 is precisely embedded in the inner wall of each mounting hole 27. The insulating bushing 28 is typically injection molded from high-performance ceramic material or glass fiber reinforced plastic, possessing excellent insulation performance and mechanical strength, and has a hollow cylindrical structure. The outer diameter of the insulating bushing 28 is interference-fitted or tight-fitted with the inner diameter of the mounting hole 27, ensuring it is firmly fixed within the mounting hole 27. This physical structure prevents leakage or grounding faults caused by direct contact between the mounting bolts and the metal base 2, thereby ensuring electrical safety during installation.

[0031] Furthermore, a composite sealing structure 29 is employed at the connection between the high-voltage electrode 7 and the insulating cover 3. The composite sealing structure 29 includes a rubber sealing ring and a silicone filling layer. The rubber sealing ring, typically made of nitrile rubber or EPDM rubber resistant to high voltage, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation, has an O-shaped or rectangular cross-section and is precisely positioned on the stepped surface at the connection between the coarse and fine diameter sections of the high-voltage electrode 7, providing a first elastic seal. The silicone filling layer, made of room-temperature vulcanizing liquid silicone, is vacuum-filled into the annular gap between the high-voltage electrode 7 and the insulating cover 3. After curing, the silicone filling layer forms an elastic and highly insulating seal, its physical structure completely filling all tiny gaps, forming a second supplementary seal. Through the synergistic effect of multiple physical barriers, the composite sealing structure 29 significantly improves the sealing performance and insulation reliability when the high-voltage lead passes through the insulating cover 3.

[0032] Meanwhile, a mechanical support frame 31 is added inside the sealed housing 1 to provide structural support and fixation for the internal components. The mechanical support frame 31 includes a horizontal partition and several vertical supports. The horizontal partition is made of insulating materials such as FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board or ceramic board, and has a preset size and shape. It is firmly fixed to the bottom of the metal base 2 by the vertical supports. The vertical supports are typically insulated cylindrical or square column structures, connected to the horizontal partition and the metal base 2 by screws or adhesive. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit 6 and the metering module unit 10 are precisely installed on the upper and lower sides of the horizontal partition, respectively. This layered installation method not only optimizes the internal space layout and provides mechanical stability, but also physically isolates the high-voltage and low-voltage parts through the insulated horizontal partition, further improving the system's safety and anti-interference capabilities.

[0033] Example 3 In another embodiment of this utility model, the structure of the high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit 6 is further extended. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A calibration interface 22 is added to the outside of the low-voltage electrode 8. The calibration interface 22 physically comprises a standard signal input terminal and a self-test circuit. The standard signal input terminal adopts a high-frequency coaxial connector structure, with its center conductor precisely electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the low-voltage electrode 8, and its outer shielding layer connected to the outer shielding layer of the low-voltage electrode 8 and the grounding terminal of the sealed housing 1. The coaxial connector is typically BNC or SMA type, with good impedance matching characteristics and high-frequency transmission performance. It is fixed to the outside of the sealed housing 1 by threads or snap-fit ​​mechanisms, and its structural design provides a standardized access point for external calibration or debugging signals. The self-test circuit is highly integrated on the signal conditioning circuit board 11. The self-test circuit includes a highly stable reference voltage source and a precision comparator. The reference voltage source provides a known and accurate internal reference signal, and the comparator is used to structurally compare this internal reference signal with the output signal of the low-voltage electrode 8. Thus, without relying on external devices, the internal circuit structure enables preliminary evaluation and structural self-testing of the high-voltage capacitor divider unit 6 and part of the signal conditioning circuit.

[0034] Meanwhile, the protective structure of the metering module unit 10 is strengthened. The metering module unit 10 has a dual protective structure, which includes a metal shield 23 and an insulating coating 24. The metal shield 23 is typically made of thin-walled non-magnetic stainless steel or tin-plated copper plate by precision stamping, and is box-shaped or cover-shaped, with its dimensions precisely covering the outside of the metering chip 12. The metal shield 23 is fixed to the corresponding mounting holes on the signal conditioning circuit board 11 by several micro screws. The mounting holes of the screws are designed with grounding pads to ensure that the metal shield 23 is reliably connected to the grounding copper foil of the signal conditioning circuit board 11, forming a Faraday cage structure. This structure further shields against electromagnetic interference from the outside and limits the electromagnetic radiation generated by the metering chip 12 itself. The insulating coating 24 is typically made of conformal coating (polyurethane, acrylic, or silicone resin-based) material, which is uniformly coated on the entire surface of the signal conditioning circuit board 11 by spraying or dipping, forming a thin and dense insulating protective film on the surface of the circuit board. The physical properties of the insulating coating 24 include moisture resistance, salt spray resistance, mildew resistance, dust resistance, and insulation. This structure significantly improves the long-term reliability of the signal conditioning circuit board 11 in harsh environments.

[0035] In addition, the metering module unit 10 also includes a power management circuit 30. The power management circuit 30 physically comprises a surge protector and a voltage regulator. The surge protector, such as a varistor or a transient voltage suppressor diode array, is connected in series at the power input terminal of the metering module unit 10. Under normal voltage, the surge protector exhibits a high impedance state. When a transient high voltage (surge) occurs in the power line, the surge protector quickly conducts and shunts the overvoltage, thus protecting downstream sensitive circuit components. The voltage regulator uses a high-efficiency, low-noise linear regulator chip or switching regulator chip, which is precisely mounted in the reserved power area on the signal conditioning circuit board 11. The voltage regulator, through its internal circuit structure, stabilizes a wide range of externally input power voltages at a precise fixed voltage value, such as 3.3V or 5V, providing a stable and clean operating power supply for the metering chip 12 and other circuits on the signal conditioning circuit board 11. The addition of the power management circuit 30 ensures the power supply stability and anti-interference capability of the entire metering device in complex power grid environments.

[0036] Example 4 In another embodiment of this invention, the structure of the temperature control unit 13 is further upgraded. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1The temperature control unit 13 is equipped with an adaptive regulation circuit 25. The main physical components of the adaptive regulation circuit 25 include a microprocessor and a drive module. The microprocessor, such as a low-power microcontroller unit (MCU), has an embedded processing unit. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 16 via its analog-to-digital converter (ADC) port, thereby receiving the real-time temperature signal output by the temperature sensor 16. The microprocessor has a pre-set set of temperature control logic and parameters. The drive module, such as a power MOSFET or H-bridge drive circuit, has its control terminal connected to the digital output port of the microprocessor, and its power output terminal connected to the power input terminal of the thermoelectric cooler 14. Based on its internal control logic and the temperature signal received from the temperature sensor 16, the microprocessor calculates the required operating current and precisely adjusts the magnitude and direction of the operating current applied to the thermoelectric cooler 14 through the drive module. This adjustment structure achieves precise adaptive regulation of the temperature inside the sealed cavity, stabilizing the operating temperature of the metering chip 12 within the optimal range. This structure significantly improves metering accuracy and long-term stability.

[0037] Example 5 In another embodiment of this utility model, the structure of the status monitoring unit 17 is further improved. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1The status monitoring unit 17 is further equipped with a data communication module 26. The data communication module 26 uses fiber optic transmission and its main physical components include a light transmitter and a light receiver. The light transmitter, such as a semiconductor laser or a light-emitting diode, is electrically connected to the digital output port of the humidity sensor 18 via a flexible circuit. The flexible circuit uses a polyimide substrate, which has good bending and vibration resistance, and transmits the output electrical signal of the humidity sensor 18 to the light transmitter through precise solder pad connections. The light transmitter receives the electrical signal output by the humidity sensor 18 and converts it into an optical signal using its internal structure. The light receiver, such as a photodiode or phototransistor, is externally connected to the reserved interface on the sealed housing 1 and physically connected to the light transmitter via an optical fiber interface (e.g., an SC or FC connector). The light receiver receives the optical signal transmitted from the optical fiber and converts it back into an electrical signal using its internal structure. This electrical signal can be further transmitted to an external monitoring system through the physical connection structure. This fiber optic transmission method features excellent electrical insulation, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, long transmission distance, and reliable data security. Its structure ensures reliable data acquisition in high-voltage environments, avoiding problems such as leakage and interference that may occur with traditional cables under high-voltage conditions. The data communication module 26, through its structurally separated design, effectively isolates the internal high-voltage environment from the external low-voltage control system, ensuring the integrity and security of data transmission.

[0038] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device, comprising a sealed housing (1), the sealed housing (1) being composed of a metal base (2) and an insulating top cover (3), wherein the bottom of the metal base (2) is provided with a mounting flange (4), and the insulating top cover (3) is press-fitted to the metal base (2) through a sealing ring (5) to form a sealed cavity; characterized in that, It also includes a high-voltage capacitor voltage divider unit (6), a metering module unit (10), a temperature control unit (13), and a status monitoring unit (17). The high voltage capacitor voltage divider unit (6) includes a high voltage electrode (7), a low voltage electrode (8) and a dielectric layer (9). The high voltage electrode (7) has a cylindrical structure and penetrates the top of the insulating cover (3). The low voltage electrode (8) has a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the high voltage electrode (7). The dielectric layer (9) is filled between the high voltage electrode (7) and the low voltage electrode (8) by composite insulating material. The metering module unit (10) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sealed housing (1) and includes a signal conditioning circuit board (11) and a metering chip (12). The signal conditioning circuit board (11) is connected to the low-voltage electrode (8) through a shielded wire. The metering chip (12) is soldered to the central area of ​​the signal conditioning circuit board (11). The temperature control unit (13) includes a semiconductor cooling chip (14), heat sink fins (15) and a temperature sensor (16). The semiconductor cooling chip (14) is attached to the inner wall of the metal base (2). The heat sink fins (15) are arranged in an array on the outer surface of the metal base (2). The temperature sensor (16) is located near the metering chip (12). The status monitoring unit (17) includes a humidity sensor (18) and a pressure balancing membrane (19). The humidity sensor (18) is embedded in the inner wall of the insulating cover (3). The pressure balancing membrane (19) is made of elastic composite material and is located at the vent hole on the side wall of the metal base (2).

2. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage electrode (7) adopts a stepped shaft structure, with a coarse diameter section at the top and a fine diameter section at the bottom. The outer surface of the coarse diameter section is provided with an anti-corona ring groove. The low-voltage electrode (8) adopts a multi-layer shielding structure, including an inner conductive layer, an intermediate insulating layer and an outer shielding layer. A uniform electric field region is formed between the inner conductive layer and the high-voltage electrode (7). The dielectric layer (9) is vacuum cast from a mixture of epoxy resin and nano-alumina, and glass fiber reinforced mesh is uniformly distributed inside it. The low-voltage electrode (8) is provided with a calibration interface (22). The calibration interface (22) includes a standard signal input terminal and a self-test circuit. The standard signal input terminal adopts a coaxial connector structure. The self-test circuit is integrated into the signal conditioning circuit board (11) and includes a reference voltage source and a comparator.

3. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning circuit board (11) is a four-layer printed circuit board with a grounded copper foil on its surface. The metering chip (12) is in BGA package and connected to the signal conditioning circuit board (11) through a solder ball array. The metering module unit (10) has a dual protection structure, which includes a metal shield (23) and an insulating coating (24). The metal shield (23) covers the outside of the metering chip (12) and is fixed to the signal conditioning circuit board (11) with screws. The insulating coating (24) is coated on the surface of the signal conditioning circuit board (11). The metering module unit (10) has a power management circuit (30), which includes a surge protector and a voltage regulator. The surge protector is connected in series to the power input terminal. The voltage regulator uses a linear voltage regulator chip and is installed in the power area of ​​the signal conditioning circuit board (11).

4. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot end of the semiconductor cooling chip (14) is tightly bonded to the inner wall of the metal base (2) with thermal grease, and the cold end is arranged towards the metering chip (12); the heat dissipation fins (15) and the metal base (2) are manufactured using an integrated molding process; the temperature control unit (13) is provided with an adaptive control circuit (25), which includes a microprocessor and a drive module. The microprocessor obtains the cavity temperature data through the temperature sensor (16), and the drive module adjusts the working current of the semiconductor cooling chip (14) according to the temperature data.

5. A high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity sensor (18) is fixed to the insulating cover (3) through a sealing joint; the pressure balancing membrane (19) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene film and stainless steel support mesh, and its edge is fixed around the vent hole by a pressure ring; the status monitoring unit (17) is provided with a data communication module (26), the data communication module (26) adopts optical fiber transmission, including a light transmitter and a light receiver, the light transmitter is connected to the humidity sensor (18) through a flexible circuit, and the light receiver is externally connected to the sealed housing (1).

6. The high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the metal base (2) is provided with an electromagnetic shielding layer (20), which is composed of a copper mesh and a magnetic alloy foil, and its edge is electrically connected to the mounting flange (4); the top of the insulating cover (3) is provided with an equalizing ring (21), which is made of aluminum alloy and fixed to the top of the high voltage electrode (7) by a threaded connection; the mounting flange (4) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (27), which are evenly distributed along the circumference, and an insulating bushing (28) is embedded in the mounting hole (27).

7. A high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the high voltage electrode (7) and the insulating cover (3) adopts a composite sealing structure (29). The composite sealing structure (29) includes a rubber sealing ring and a silicone filling layer. The rubber sealing ring is set at the step surface of the high voltage electrode (7), and the silicone filling layer is injected into the gap between the high voltage electrode (7) and the insulating cover (3).

8. A high-voltage capacitor voltage divider type power metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed housing (1) is provided with a mechanical support frame (31), which includes a horizontal partition and a vertical support column. The horizontal partition is fixed to the bottom of the metal base (2) by the vertical support column. The high voltage capacitor voltage divider unit (6) and the metering module unit (10) are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the horizontal partition.

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