A semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system

Abstract

The utility model belongs to fuel cell field, concretely relates to a kind of semi-open type marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.The marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is provided with hydrogen subsystem and hydrogen fuel cell module in hydrogen-involved shell interior;The inerting system, gas cylinder group is connected with hydrogen subsystem by pipeline;The ventilation system is connected with hydrogen-involved shell, hydrogen fuel cell module respectively;The hydrogen fuel cell module is connected with air supply system, DC / DC converter, cooling liquid circulating system respectively;Air supply system, DC / DC converter, cooling liquid circulating system and hydrogen-involved shell are set in hydrogen fuel cell power generation system authentication boundary;The cooling liquid circulating system is with heat management system.In the utility model, cooling circulating system and air supply system are in the open space outside hydrogen-involved shell, and it is convenient to maintain and replace regularly, so as to improve system maintenance convenience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fuel cells, specifically relating to a semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] With the establishment of national shipping emission standards, the market share of new energy ships is gradually increasing. In the field of new energy ships, pure electric vessels are suitable for short-distance cruising, while fuel cell ships are suitable for long-distance cruising. The combined application of new energy sources, such as fuel cells and solar cells, with energy storage batteries in the marine sector has significant advantages in practical applications, including high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, diverse options, stable operation, and low noise.

[0003] The shipbuilding industry emits over 1.12 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for approximately 4.5% of global CO2 emissions, and this figure continues to rise. Meanwhile, the IMO 2020 sulfur cap and "dual carbon" targets are forcing the shipbuilding industry towards a green transformation, creating market opportunities for the development of hydrogen-powered ships. Hydrogen fuel cells are power generation devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, offering advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, low vibration and noise, and zero emissions. Furthermore, hydrogen is a renewable energy source, obtainable through green energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and bioenergy. Therefore, the application of hydrogen fuel cell propulsion technology in ships can achieve energy efficiency, zero emissions, and improved ship comfort, making it an ideal power propulsion device for green ships and meeting the market demand for green ships. Although hydrogen fuel cell systems have been widely used in public transportation, logistics, heavy-duty vehicles, there are few application cases in the shipbuilding sector. This is partly due to the very strict safety regulations for hydrogen fuel power generation systems in the shipbuilding sector, and partly because the overall application of hydrogen fuel cells in ships still faces challenges related to refueling and cost. As a result, there are very few hydrogen fuel power generation systems that can be used on ships at present, which further restricts the development of hydrogen fuel in the shipbuilding sector.

[0004] The main ship types using hydrogen fuel cells are all over 20 meters in length. Therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and hydrogen fuel cell modules must be designed in accordance with the relevant hydrogen fuel cell guidelines of the China Classification Society and IEC standards, and obtain a product license certificate issued by the China Classification Society. The relevant guidelines and standards place significant emphasis on the safety of fuel cell systems, including hydrogen leakage, hazardous area delineation and dilution zone calculation, single point of failure, and emergency shutdown, imposing higher safety requirements on the entire fuel cell system design compared to automotive operating environments.

[0005] Current mainstream hydrogen fuel cell power generation system structural designs all enclose the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system with an outer shell. The advantage of this approach is that the overall internal design only needs to refer to the internal guidelines of the China Classification Society for hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems and IEC standards, and does not need to fully refer to the classification society's "Rules for Classification of Steel Seagoing Ships". However, because enclosing the power generation system with an outer shell creates an airtight / liquid-tight space, ventilation and hydrogen leak detection are required inside this space, which places higher demands on the design. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention, within the limits of classification society guidelines, integrates the ventilation system and hydrogen concentration sensor for the ship's fuel compartments with the hydrogen leakage and ventilation of the non-hydrogen-contact housing of the semi-open marine fuel cell power generation system, reducing the need for ventilation systems and hydrogen concentration sensor configurations. By minimizing the differences in system design between the two application scenarios, this invention allows the marine system to be applied to vehicles. Furthermore, by placing the cooling circulation system and air supply system in an open space outside the hydrogen-contact housing, this invention facilitates regular maintenance and replacement, thereby improving system maintenance convenience.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows.

[0008] A semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes a hydrogen-contaminated shell, a hydrogen subsystem, a hydrogen fuel cell module, an inerting system, a gas cylinder group, a ventilation system, an air supply system, a DC / DC converter, a coolant circulation system, a thermal management system, an ESD safety system, and an automatic control system.

[0009] The marine hydrogen fuel power generation system described in this utility model has a semi-open structure, with the cooling circulation system and air supply system being located in an open space. In this utility model, a semi-open shell replaces the sealed shell in the prior art, and the shell only covers the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen subsystem.

[0010] A hydrogen subsystem and a hydrogen fuel cell module are housed inside the hydrogen-contaminated housing. The inerting system and the gas cylinder group are connected to the hydrogen subsystem via pipelines. The ventilation system is connected to both the hydrogen-contaminated housing and the hydrogen fuel cell module. The hydrogen fuel cell module is connected to an air supply system, a DC / DC converter, and a coolant circulation system. The air supply system, DC / DC converter, coolant circulation system, and hydrogen-contaminated housing are located within the certified boundary of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. The coolant circulation system is connected to a thermal management system.

[0011] Furthermore, an ESD safety system and an automatic control system are also installed within the certification boundary of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

[0012] Furthermore, the DC / DC converter is connected to the ship's DC power grid; the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module are connected to the open deck and / or overboard.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen subsystem includes a hydrogen filter and an ejector assembly; the hydrogen fuel cell module is sequentially connected to the ejector assembly and the hydrogen filter, and the hydrogen filter is connected to the inerting system and the hydrogen cylinder group respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module are equipped with gas-water separators, nitrogen displacement valves, and drain valves; gas-water separators and nitrogen displacement valves are sequentially installed on the pipelines from the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets to the open deck; and drain valves are installed on the pipelines from the gas-water separators to the outside of the ship.

[0015] Furthermore, both the hydrogen fuel cell module and the hydrogen-contaminated housing are equipped with hydrogen concentration sensors; a liquid level sensor is installed on the outside of the hydrogen fuel cell module and the hydrogen-contaminated housing near the bottom.

[0016] Furthermore, the ventilation system is a ventilation fan; the thermal management system is a heat exchanger.

[0017] Furthermore, the coolant circulation system includes a cooling water pump, a pipeline filter, a three-way valve, and an expansion tank; the expansion tank is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module; the thermal management system is connected to the expansion tank; and a water pump, a filter, and a three-way valve are installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen fuel cell module and the thermal management system.

[0018] Furthermore, the air supply system includes an air compressor, an intercooler, and a humidifier; the thermal management system is connected to the intercooler; the intercooler and the humidifier are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module; the intercooler is also connected to the humidifier; a water pump, a filter, and a three-way valve are installed on the pipeline between the intercooler and the thermal management system.

[0019] Furthermore, an air compressor is connected to the air side of the intercooler; the air compressor is connected to the thermal management system and is controlled by an air compressor controller.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0021] 1. In the prior art, marine fuel cell power generation systems require the addition of ventilation systems and hydrogen concentration sensors once a sealed space is created. From a safety perspective, the fuel cell space itself also needs to be equipped with ventilation systems and hydrogen concentration sensors. The present invention eliminates the outermost shell and uses a single ventilation system and hydrogen concentration sensor for the fuel cell space, thereby reducing the volume, weight, and monitoring and control requirements of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0022] 2. To ensure the service life of the fuel cell power generation system, it is necessary to regularly maintain and repair the vulnerable parts. This utility model places the vulnerable parts in the fuel cell compartment of the ship, which greatly reduces the difficulty of maintaining the marine system.

[0023] 3. There are significant differences between existing marine fuel cell power generation systems and vehicle fuel cell power generation systems, making it impossible to achieve compatible design. This utility model opens up the bottom components of the base plate. Except for the hydrogen subsystem which requires explosion-proof performance due to classification society requirements, the component selection and layout of the other two subsystems are basically the same as those of the vehicle. At the same time, the overall system installation points are also consistent with those of the vehicle system. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 A semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system that has actually obtained product approval from classification societies.

[0027] The components shown in the diagram are as follows: 1. Hydrogen fuel cell module; 2. Hydrogen housing; 3. Hydrogen filter; 4. Ejector assembly; 5. Gas-liquid separator; 6. Nitrogen removal valve; 7. Drain valve; 8. Hydrogen concentration sensor; 9. Liquid level sensor; 10. Air compressor; 11. Intercooler; 12. Humidifier; 13. Throttle valve; 14. Check valve; 15. Water pump; 16. Filter; 17. Three-way valve; 18. Air compressor controller; 19. Ventilation fan; 20. Expansion tank; 21. Thermal management system; 22. Air filter; 23. Silencer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions described below, in conjunction with specific illustrations, are presented to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and similar extended embodiments made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are all within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system includes a hydrogen-contacting shell 2, a hydrogen subsystem, a hydrogen fuel cell module PACK (meeting gas tightness and liquid tightness requirements) 1, an inerting system, a gas cylinder group, a ventilation system, an air supply system, a DC / DC converter, a coolant circulation system, a thermal management system 21, an ESD safety system, and an automatic control system.

[0030] A hydrogen subsystem and a hydrogen fuel cell module are installed inside the hydrogen-contaminated housing 2; the inerting system and the gas cylinder group (hydrogen system) are connected to the hydrogen subsystem through pipelines; the ventilation system is connected to the hydrogen-contaminated housing and the hydrogen fuel cell module respectively; the hydrogen fuel cell module is connected to the air supply system, the DC / DC converter, and the coolant circulation system respectively; the air supply system, the DC / DC converter, the coolant circulation system, and the hydrogen-contaminated housing are located within the certified boundary of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; the coolant circulation system is connected to the thermal management system 21.

[0031] The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system certification boundary also includes an ESD safety system and an automatic control system. In this embodiment, the DC / DC converter is connected to the ship's DC power grid; the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module are connected to the open deck and / or overboard. The hydrogen system and hydrogen fuel cell module require hydrogen circulation under normal circumstances, therefore they are defined as hazardous areas in classification society guidelines. Encasing the hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cell module with an outer shell that meets gas tightness and liquid tightness requirements effectively prevents the expansion of hazardous areas and reduces the difficulty of selecting components for other subsystems. Other systems, such as the inerting system, the hydrogen system composed of hydrogen cylinders, the ventilation system for diluting hazardous areas, and the thermal management system, are not within the scope of classification society certification for the entire semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen subsystem in this embodiment includes a hydrogen filter 3 and an ejector assembly 4. The hydrogen fuel cell module is sequentially connected to the ejector assembly 4 and the hydrogen filter 3, and the hydrogen filter 3 is connected to the inerting system and the hydrogen cylinder group respectively. A gas-water separator 5, a nitrogen displacement valve 6, and a drain valve 7 are installed at the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module. A gas-water separator 5 and a nitrogen displacement valve 6 are sequentially installed on the pipelines from the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets to the open deck; a drain valve 7 is installed on the pipeline from the gas-water separator 5 to the outside of the ship. A hydrogen concentration sensor 8 is installed inside both the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 and the hydrogen-contacting housing 2. A liquid level sensor 9 is installed near the bottom of the exterior of the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 and the hydrogen-contacting housing 2. In this embodiment, the ventilation system is a ventilation fan 19, and the thermal management system 21 is a heat exchanger.

[0033] The coolant circulation system includes a cooling water pump 15, a pipeline filter 16, a three-way valve 17, and an expansion tank 20; the expansion tank 20 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module 1; the thermal management system 21 is connected to the expansion tank 20; the pipeline between the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 and the thermal management system 21 is equipped with a water pump 15, a filter 16, and a three-way valve 17. The air supply system includes an air compressor 10, an intercooler 11, and a humidifier 12; the thermal management system 21 is connected to the intercooler 11; the intercooler 11 and the humidifier 12 are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module 1; the intercooler 11 is also connected to the humidifier 12; the pipeline between the intercooler 11 and the thermal management system 21 is equipped with a water pump 15, a filter 16, and a three-way valve 17. An air compressor 10 is connected to the air side of the intercooler 11; the air compressor 10 is connected to the thermal management system 21, and the air compressor 10 is controlled by the air compressor controller 18; a filter 16 is connected between the intercooler 11 and the hydrogen fuel cell module 1.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, a throttle valve 13 and a one-way valve 14 are installed on the pipeline between the humidifier 12 and the hydrogen fuel cell module 1; the exhaust port of the humidifier 12 is connected to an open deck or a centralized treatment point, and a hydrogen concentration sensor 8 and a muffler 23 are installed on the exhaust port; the air compressor is also connected to an air filter 22. A hydrogen concentration sensor 8 is also installed on the pipeline between the humidifier 12 and the muffler 23.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that, Figure 2 The hydrogen fuel cell module PACK1 and the hydrogen-contact housing 2 are two independent spaces that meet the requirements of airtightness and liquid tightness. Each space is equipped with two fans and a hydrogen concentration sensor. The two fans form two independent ventilation systems to dilute the two areas defined as hazardous areas and reduce their hazardous area level, so that the internal components can meet the requirements of the hazardous area definition. The four hydrogen concentration sensors are used to monitor the hydrogen concentration inside the two independent spaces in real time, so that the system can make appropriate power limits and shutdown measures based on the internal hydrogen concentration.

[0037] In addition, the hydrogen-contaminated enclosure 2 only contains the hydrogen fuel cell module with pack and the hydrogen subsystem. The purpose of this is to limit the hazardous area to the inside of the hydrogen-contaminated enclosure. The components of the coolant circulation system and the air supply system do not need to meet the requirements of explosion-proof rating, which reduces the difficulty of selecting components for these two systems.

[0038] According to the relevant requirements in the classification society's guidelines, in actual ship applications, hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems are defined as fuel cell spaces. These spaces should be able to accommodate potential fuel leaks and be equipped with appropriate leak monitoring systems. Ventilation requirements also apply. This design differs from the mainstream three-shell marine systems on the market, employing only two shells (hydrogen fuel cell module PACK 1 and hydrogen-contacting shell 2). This allows the ventilation system and hydrogen concentration sensor previously located in the third shell to be shared with the fuel cell space, eliminating the need for these components. This significantly improves the ease of maintenance of the entire marine system and further compresses its spatial dimensions, making it more compatible with automotive applications. Figure 2 The structural relationship, such as the semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system that has actually obtained product approval from classification societies, is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen-contacting housing (2), a hydrogen subsystem, a hydrogen fuel cell module (1), an inerting system, a gas cylinder group, a ventilation system, an air supply system, a DC / DC converter, a coolant circulation system, a thermal management system (21), an ESD safety system, and an automatic control system; The marine hydrogen fuel power generation system is a semi-open structure, with the cooling circulation system and air supply system being located in the open space. A hydrogen subsystem and a hydrogen fuel cell module are installed inside the hydrogen-contaminated housing (2); the inerting system and the gas cylinder group are connected to the hydrogen subsystem through pipelines; the ventilation system is connected to the hydrogen-contaminated housing and the hydrogen fuel cell module respectively; the hydrogen fuel cell module is connected to the air supply system, the DC / DC converter and the coolant circulation system respectively; the air supply system, the DC / DC converter and the coolant circulation system and the hydrogen-contaminated housing are located within the certified boundary of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; the coolant circulation system is connected to the thermal management system (21).

2. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is also equipped with an ESD safety system and an automatic control system within its certification boundary.

3. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC / DC converter is connected to the ship's DC power grid; the exhaust gas and wastewater outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module are connected to the open deck and / or overboard.

4. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen subsystem includes a hydrogen filter (3) and an ejector assembly (4); the hydrogen fuel cell module is connected in sequence to the ejector assembly (4) and the hydrogen filter (3), and the hydrogen filter (3) is connected to the inerting system and the hydrogen cylinder group respectively.

5. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The exhaust gas and water discharge outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell module are equipped with a gas-water separator (5), a nitrogen displacement valve (6), and a drain valve (7); the exhaust gas and water discharge outlets are connected to the open deck via a pipeline with a gas-water separator (5) and a nitrogen displacement valve (6) installed in sequence; and a drain valve (7) is installed on the pipeline from the gas-water separator (5) to the outside of the ship.

6. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Hydrogen concentration sensors (8) are installed inside both the hydrogen fuel cell module (1) and the hydrogen-contaminated housing (2); liquid level sensors (9) are installed on the outside of the hydrogen fuel cell module (1) and the hydrogen-contaminated housing (2) near the bottom.

7. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation system is a ventilation fan (19); the thermal management system (21) is a heat exchanger.

8. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant circulation system includes a cooling water pump (15), a pipeline filter (16), a three-way valve (17), and an expansion tank (20); the expansion tank (20) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module (1); the thermal management system (21) is connected to the expansion tank (20); the pipeline between the hydrogen fuel cell module (1) and the thermal management system (21) is equipped with a water pump (15), a filter (16), and a three-way valve (17).

9. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply system includes an air compressor (10), an intercooler (11), and a humidifier (12); the thermal management system (21) is connected to the intercooler (11); the intercooler (11) and the humidifier (12) are respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module (1); the intercooler (11) is also connected to the humidifier (12); a water pump (15), a filter (16), and a three-way valve (17) are installed on the pipeline between the intercooler (11) and the thermal management system (21).

10. The semi-open marine hydrogen fuel cell power generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, An air compressor (10) is connected to the air side of the intercooler (11); the air compressor (10) is connected to the thermal management system (21), and the air compressor (10) is controlled by the air compressor controller (18).

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