GNSS multi-band wideband circularly polarized antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of GNSS multi-band wideband circular polarized antennas, its characteristics mainly include: an insulating substrate, including top, bottom surface;A top layer radiator is combined in insulating substrate top surface, including RF feed-in part, first and second feed-in radiation part and rotating winding section, the starting end of rotating winding section is extended by first feed-in radiation part, and it is formed current rotating direction by being about 270 degrees position to one side in clockwise rotating path form, and extension end is connected second feed-in radiation part;A bottom layer radiator is combined in insulating substrate bottom surface, including ground part, first and second ground radiation part and rotating winding section, the form of rotating winding section is same as the former: a coaxial cable, its outer conductor and bottom layer radiator's ground part electrically connected, and inner conductor is electrically connected with the RF feed-in part of top layer radiator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an antenna; in particular, it reveals an innovative structural form of a GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A GNSS antenna is an indispensable component of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. Its main function is to capture and receive signals transmitted from navigation satellites in space.

[0003] Known GNSS antennas typically employ multilayer ceramic antennas, which are mainly composed of several square or circular ceramic plates, often referred to as ceramic dielectric substrates.

[0004] Currently, the RF single-frequency positioning signals emitted by the GPS satellite system are all right-hand polarized waves, which differ from the commonly used linear polarization. Therefore, GPS antennas are designed to be right-hand polarized as much as possible to reduce polarization loss and performance reduction during signal reception. Currently, to design a GPS ceramic receiving antenna with wide bandwidth and circular polarization, a dual-pin structure must be used. Signals with a 90-degree phase difference are fed into the two pins of the ceramic antenna via external circuitry, and the 0-degree and 90-degree signals are combined to form a circularly polarized antenna. However, due to structural and material limitations, the bandwidth for generating circular polarization can only reach tens of MHz. If we add the currently popular BeiDou or GLONASS positioning systems, the total bandwidth must reach hundreds of MHz. Therefore, it is impossible to cover all frequencies with a single ceramic antenna. The current mainstream approach is to stack two ceramic antennas of different frequencies and then use circuit design to combine the RF signals for external use. This results in a very high unit price. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna. The technical problem it aims to solve is to explore and innovate a new antenna structure that is more ideal and practical.

[0006] Based on the aforementioned objectives, the purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna comprises: an insulating substrate, including a top surface and a bottom surface; a top layer radiator, attached to the top surface of the insulating substrate, the top layer radiator including an RF feed section, a first feed radiator, a second feed radiator, and a rotating winding section, wherein the first and second feed radiators are spaced apart, the rotating winding section includes a starting end and an extending end, the starting end extending from the first feed radiator and forming a clockwise rotating path that winds to approximately 270 degrees to one side to form a current rotation direction, the extending end connecting to the second feed radiator; and a bottom layer radiator, attached to the insulating substrate. On the bottom surface of the substrate, the bottom radiator and the top radiator are arranged symmetrically and rotated 180 degrees. The bottom radiator includes a ground part, a first ground radiator, a second ground radiator, and a rotating winding section. The first ground radiator and the second ground radiator are arranged at intervals. The rotating winding section includes a starting end and an extension end. The starting end extends from the first ground radiator and forms a clockwise rotating path to a position of about 270 degrees to one side to form a current rotation direction. The extension end is connected to the second ground radiator. A coaxial cable includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor, and an insulating layer. The outer conductor is electrically connected to the ground part of the bottom radiator, and the inner conductor is electrically connected to the RF feed part of the top radiator.

[0007] The outstanding and beneficial technical effects of this invention compared to the prior art are: it can achieve practical progress and better industrial utilization benefits in meeting the needs of multi-frequency reception at a lower cost, enabling it to be widely used in multi-frequency receivers and precise positioning applications such as vehicle-mounted, base stations, and CPEs.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to form a radiating PCB by defining an insulating substrate, a top radiator, and a bottom radiator. A grounding PCB is then separately positioned below the radiating PCB at a distance. The grounding PCB includes an insulating base plate, a grounding conductor, and a grounding portion, which are attached to the top surface of the insulating base plate. The radiating PCB and the grounding conductor of the grounding PCB are connected and supported by several rigid conductor supports to fix the distance between them. Furthermore, the radiating PCB and the grounding PCB are electrically connected via a coaxial cable. This coaxial cable provides another technical feature: the outer conductor is simultaneously electrically connected to the grounding portion of the grounding PCB. This allows the rigid conductor supports to couple the rotating magnetic field from the upper radiating PCB to the lower grounding PCB, thereby achieving the advantage and practical advancement of a low-frequency extension path.

[0009] Another objective of this utility model is to achieve the advantage and practical progress of strengthening the current path extension and obtaining a better axial ratio effect at low frequencies by forming several slotted sections with intervals on the edge of the grounding conductor of the grounding PCB.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to achieve the advantage and practical progress of further extending the current path and extending the resonant frequency to a low frequency by forming a groove or hollow portion in the first feed radiation part, the second feed radiation part, the first ground radiation part, and the second ground radiation part. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the structural assembly of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a partial structural assembly cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the rotating winding section adopts a circular winding shape.

[0016] Figure 6 The diagram shows an embodiment in which each of the radiating parts of this utility model is further formed with a hollow portion.

[0017] Figure 7 The diagram shows an embodiment in which each of the radiating parts of this utility model is further formed with grooves and hollow portions.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a combined perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a top view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 10 This is a partial structural assembly cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 11 Example of morphological variation of the slotted portion at the edge of the grounding conductor of this utility model Figure 1 .

[0022] Figure 12 Example of morphological variation of the slotted portion at the edge of the grounding conductor of this utility model Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 13 The return loss curve of this utility model shows that this utility model can meet the -10dB usage requirement in all GPS operating frequency bands (L1, L2, L5, L6).

[0024] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the antenna gain value of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The diagram shows a preferred embodiment of the GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna of this invention. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to this structure in patent applications.

[0026] The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna comprises: an insulating substrate 10, including a top surface 11 and a bottom surface 12; a top radiator 20, attached to the top surface of the insulating substrate 10, the top radiator 20 including an RF feed section 23 (RF is short for high-frequency radio signal), a first feed radiator 21, a second feed radiator 22, and a rotating winding section 24, wherein the first feed radiator 21 and the second feed radiator 22 are spaced apart, the rotating winding section 24 includes a starting end 241 and an extension end 242, the starting end 241 extends from the first feed radiator 21 (adjacent to the RF feed section) and forms a clockwise rotating path to a position of approximately 270 degrees on one side to form a current rotation direction, the extension end 242 is connected to the first feed radiator 21, the second feed radiator 22, and the third feed radiator 22. Two feed-in radiators 22; a bottom radiator 30, attached to the bottom surface 12 of the insulating substrate 10, the bottom radiator 30 and the top radiator 20 are symmetrically arranged and rotated 180 degrees. The bottom radiator 30 includes a grounding part 33, a first grounding radiator 31, a second grounding radiator 32 and a rotating winding section 34, wherein the first grounding radiator 31 and the second grounding radiator 32 are arranged at intervals. The rotating winding section 34 includes a starting end 341 and an extension end 342. The starting end 341 extends from the first grounding radiator 31 (adjacent to the grounding part) and forms a clockwise rotating path to a position of about 270 degrees to one side to form a current rotation direction. The extension end 342 is connected to the second grounding radiator 32. A coaxial cable 40 includes an inner conductor 41. The conductor 41 consists of an outer conductor 42 (shielding) and an insulating layer 43 (dielectric layer), with the outer conductor 42 electrically connected to the grounding portion 33 of the bottom radiator 30 and the inner conductor 41 electrically connected to the RF feed portion 23 of the top radiator 20.

[0027] like Figure 7As shown, in this example, the insulating substrate 10, the top radiator 20, and the bottom radiator 30 define and form a radiating PCB 100; a grounding PCB 200 is further disposed below the radiating PCB 100 at a distance, and the grounding PCB 200 includes an insulating base plate 50, a grounding conductor 60, and a grounding portion 70 (e.g., ...). Figure 9 As shown, the grounding conductor 60 and the grounding part 70 are attached to the top surface of the insulating base plate 50; and the grounding conductor 60 of the radiating PCB 100 and the grounding PCB 200 are connected and supported by several rigid conductor supports 80 to fix the distance between the radiating PCB 100 and the grounding PCB 200; and the radiating PCB 100 and the grounding PCB 200 are further electrically connected by a coaxial cable 40, so that the outer conductor 42 is simultaneously electrically connected to the grounding part 70 of the grounding PCB 200.

[0028] In this example, the rigid conductor support 80 can couple the rotating magnetic field in the upper radiating PCB 100 to the lower grounded PCB 200, thereby acting as a low-frequency extension path.

[0029] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, in this example, the ground conductor 60 of the ground PCB 200 has several spaced, ring-shaped slots 61 along its edge. The purpose of these slots 61 is to enhance the extension of the current path, thereby achieving a better axial ratio at low frequencies. Variations of the slots 61 described in this example can also be implemented as follows... Figure 11 The slotted portion 61B shown is designed with a circular outline; or as... Figure 12 The slotted portion 61C shown is designed as a rectangular outline.

[0030] The rotating winding method for section 24 (or 34) can be either square or circular. For example... Figure 1 , 2 The rotating winding section 24 shown in Figure 4 is an embodiment of a square winding configuration; Additionally, Figure 5 The rotating winding section 24B shown is an embodiment of a circular winding configuration.

[0031] The outline size of the first feed radiation section 21, the second feed radiation section 22, the first ground radiation section 31, and the second ground radiation section 32 is reasonably implemented in a range not exceeding 90 degrees in the quadrant.

[0032] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, in this example, the edges of the first feed radiating section 21, the second feed radiating section 22, the first ground radiating section 31, and the second ground radiating section 32 are further formed with grooves 90. The advantage of the grooves 90 shown in this example is that they can further extend the current path, thereby extending the resonant frequency to a lower frequency.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, in this example, the first feed radiation section 21B, the second feed radiation section 22B, the first ground radiation section 31B, and the second ground radiation section 32B are further formed with hollow portions 91.

[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, in this example, the edges of the first feed radiating section 21C, the second feed radiating section 22C, the first ground radiating section 31C, and the second ground radiating section 32C are further formed with grooves 90C and hollow portions 91C, and the grooves 90C are connected to the hollow portions 91C, thereby forming a strip-shaped extended radiating structure. Its advantage is that it can further extend the current path, thereby extending the resonant frequency to a lower frequency.

[0035] Based on the above-described structural composition and technical features, the GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna disclosed in this utility model can be practically applied to multi-frequency receivers and precise positioning applications, such as vehicle-mounted, base stations, and CPEs (referring to client devices, such as broadband modems, routers, and Wi-Fi signal amplifiers). This utility model primarily utilizes the rotating winding section 24 (34) to form a clockwise rotating path, winding to approximately 270 degrees on one side to create a current rotation direction. This allows it to meet the functional requirements of multi-frequency reception at a lower cost. Its advantages include: small size, ability to generate circular polarization, and a wide frequency range covering L1, L2, and L3 bands. This utility model not only significantly reduces costs but also offers superior antenna performance compared to conventional ceramic stacked antennas. Please refer to [reference needed for more details]. Figure 13The figure shows a simulation curve of the return loss value of the GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna disclosed in this invention. This figure mainly shows its GNSS operating frequency band, with a clear trough (i.e., the lowest point of return loss) appearing in the 1.5GHz to 1.6GHz range. This frequency band precisely covers the main GNSS frequencies, such as GPS L1 (1.575GHz) and BeiDou B1 (1.561GHz). The optimal performance points are clearly shown at the marked points in the figure: P4 (1.575GHz): return loss of -26.65dB. P5 (1.609GHz): return loss of -28.09dB. The return losses at these two points are far below the -10dB standard, even below -25dB, indicating that the antenna impedance matching is perfect at this frequency, and almost all signal power is effectively received or radiated by the antenna. From this figure, it can be understood that the optimal operating frequency band of this invention is between 1.5GHz and 1.6GHz. Within this frequency band, especially near the L1 frequency of GPS and the G1 frequency of GLONASS, the antenna has excellent impedance matching performance, enabling it to efficiently receive GNSS satellite signals.

[0036] For example Figure 14 The figure shows the relationship between the axial ratio and frequency of the GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna described in this invention, illustrating the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna at different frequencies. The X-axis (horizontal axis) represents the frequency (GHz), from approximately 1.15 GHz to 1.65 GHz; while the Y-axis (vertical axis) represents the axial ratio (AR), measured in dB. As shown in the figure, the optimal operating frequency band for this invention is between 1.164 GHz and 1.606 GHz. Within this frequency range, the antenna exhibits relatively good circular polarization characteristics, effectively receiving GNSS satellite signals and suppressing multipath interference. Therefore, for GNSS applications, this invention can most effectively receive circularly polarized signals from satellites.

[0037] In summary, this invention meets the -10dB usage requirement in all GPS frequency bands (L1, L2, L5, L6), and the axial ratio simulation is also around 5dB. Furthermore, while meeting the multi-frequency reception requirements, this invention also exhibits better performance in terms of size and weight compared to known ceramic stacked antennas.

Claims

1. A GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that... include: An insulating substrate includes a top surface and a bottom surface; A top-layer radiator is attached to the top surface of an insulating substrate. The top-layer radiator includes an RF feed section, a first feed radiator, a second feed radiator, and a rotating winding section. The first feed radiator and the second feed radiator are arranged at intervals. The rotating winding section includes a starting end and an extending end. The starting end extends from the first feed radiator and forms a clockwise rotating path to a position of about 270 degrees on one side to form a current rotation direction. The extending end is connected to the second feed radiator. A bottom radiator is attached to the bottom surface of an insulating substrate. The bottom radiator and the top radiator are symmetrically arranged and rotated 180 degrees. The bottom radiator includes a ground portion, a first ground radiator, a second ground radiator, and a rotating winding section. The first and second ground radiators are spaced apart. The rotating winding section includes a starting end and an extending end. The starting end extends from the first ground radiator and forms a clockwise rotating path, winding to a position approximately 270 degrees to one side to form a current rotation direction. The extending end connects to the second ground radiator. A coaxial cable includes an inner conductor, an outer conductor, and an insulating layer, wherein the outer conductor is electrically connected to the grounding portion of the bottom radiator, and the inner conductor is electrically connected to the RF feed portion of the top radiator.

2. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... An insulating substrate, a top radiator, and a bottom radiator define and form a radiating PCB. A grounding PCB is then disposed below the radiating PCB at a distance. The grounding PCB includes an insulating base plate, a grounding conductor, and a grounding part. The grounding conductor and the grounding part are attached to the top surface of the insulating base plate. The grounding conductor of the radiating PCB and the grounding PCB are connected and supported by several rigid conductor supports to fix the distance between the radiating PCB and the grounding PCB. Furthermore, the radiating PCB and the grounding PCB are electrically connected via a coaxial cable; Make the outer conductor electrically connected to the grounding part of the grounded PCB at the same time.

3. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The grounding conductor edge of the grounding PCB is further formed with several slotted sections arranged in a spaced ring.

4. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The rotating winding method for the rotating winding section can be either square or circular winding shape.

5. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The outline size of the first feed radiating section, the second feed radiating section, the first ground radiating section, and the second ground radiating section is reasonably implemented within a 90-degree quadrant range.

6. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The edges of the first feed radiation section, the second feed radiation section, the first ground radiation section, and the second ground radiation section are further formed with grooves.

7. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first feed radiation section, the second feed radiation section, the first ground radiation section, and the second ground radiation section are further formed with hollow portions.

8. The GNSS multi-band broadband circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first feed radiation section, the second feed radiation section, the first ground radiation section, and the second ground radiation section are further formed with slots and hollow portions, and the slots are connected to the hollow portions, thereby forming a strip-shaped extended radiation structure.

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