Vehicle-mounted power supply control circuit and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a vehicle-mounted power supply control circuit and a vehicle, relates to the technical field of power supply control, and comprises an anti-reverse connection module, a first end of which is connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply and used for disconnecting the connection between the vehicle-mounted power supply and a power supply output end when the vehicle-mounted power supply outputs a reverse voltage; an overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, a first end of which is connected with a second end of the anti-reverse connection module and used for outputting a disconnection level at the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module when the vehicle-mounted power supply outputs overvoltage or overcurrent; and a switch tube control module, a first end of which is connected with the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, a second end of which is connected with a third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, and a third end of which is connected with the power supply output end, and the switch tube control module is used for disconnecting the connection between the vehicle-mounted power supply and the power supply output end when the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module outputs the disconnection level. The application improves the functionality of the vehicle-mounted power supply control circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power control technology, and in particular to an on-board power control circuit and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As vehicles become increasingly common, users are placing higher demands on the design of onboard power control circuits.

[0003] Traditional vehicle power control circuits are designed using discrete components to protect the power output, such as diodes for reverse connection protection, TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diodes for overvoltage protection, and fuses for current limiting. This design approach has certain drawbacks. Discrete solutions using discrete components typically only address a single fault (such as reverse connection protection or overcurrent protection), making it difficult to handle complex operating conditions. In other words, this design approach limits the functionality of the vehicle power control circuit because it can only provide targeted protection for a single fault. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide an on-board power control circuit and a vehicle, aiming to solve the technical problem of low functionality of on-board power control circuits.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an on-board power control circuit, which is connected between the on-board power supply and the power output terminal. The on-board power control circuit includes: A reverse connection protection module, wherein the first end of the reverse connection protection module is connected to the vehicle power supply, and the reverse connection protection module is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal when the vehicle power supply outputs a reverse voltage. An overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is provided, wherein the first terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is connected to the second terminal of the reverse connection protection module, and the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is used to output a disconnection level at the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module when the vehicle power supply outputs overvoltage or overcurrent. A switching transistor control module is provided, wherein a first terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to a second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, a second terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to a third terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, and a third terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to the power output terminal. The switching transistor control module is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal when the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module outputs a disconnection level.

[0006] In one embodiment, the reverse connection protection module includes: The first switch tube, the first end of the first switch tube serves as the first end of the reverse connection protection module and is connected to the vehicle power supply. The first Zener diode has its cathode connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and its anode connected to the third terminal of the first switching transistor. The first resistor has its first end connected to the anode of the first Zener diode, and its second end connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode, which then serves as the second end of the reverse connection protection module. The second resistor has its first end grounded and its second end connected to the first end of the first resistor.

[0007] In one embodiment, the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module includes: An overvoltage protection unit, wherein the first end of the overvoltage protection unit serves as the first end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module; An overcurrent protection unit, wherein a first end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected to a first end of the overvoltage protection unit, and a second end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected to a second end of the overvoltage protection unit; A common protection unit is provided, wherein the first end of the common protection unit serves as the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the switching control module; the second end of the common protection unit is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit; and the third end of the common protection unit serves as the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the first end of the switching control module.

[0008] In one embodiment, the overvoltage protection unit includes: The third resistor, the second end of which serves as the first end of the overvoltage protection unit and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module; An overvoltage detection subunit is provided, wherein the first terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor, and the second terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit is grounded. A fourth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the third resistor; The first transistor has its first end connected to the second end of the third resistor. The second end of the first transistor serves as the second end of the overvoltage protection unit and is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the common protection unit. The third end of the first transistor is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor.

[0009] In one embodiment, the overvoltage detection subunit includes: The second Zener diode has its cathode serving as the first terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and connected to the first terminal of the third resistor. The anode of the second Zener diode serves as the second terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and is grounded.

[0010] In one embodiment, the overcurrent protection unit includes: The second transistor has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the first end of the overvoltage protection unit; its second end serving as the second end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the second end of the overvoltage protection unit; and its third end serving as the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the first end of the common protection unit. An overcurrent detection subunit is provided, wherein the first end of the overcurrent detection subunit is connected to the first end of the second transistor, and the second end of the overcurrent detection subunit is connected to the third end of the second transistor. The sixth resistor has its second end connected to the second end of the second transistor, and its first end grounded.

[0011] In one embodiment, the overcurrent detection subunit includes: The fifth resistor has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent detection subunit and connected to the first end of the second transistor. The first end of the fifth resistor also serves as the second end of the overcurrent detection subunit and is connected to the third end of the second transistor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the shared protection unit includes: The seventh resistor has its first end serving as the second end of the common protection unit and connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit. The eighth resistor has its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor, and its first terminal grounded. The third transistor, the third terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the eighth resistor, and the first terminal of which is grounded; The ninth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the third transistor; The tenth resistor has its first end connected to the second end of the ninth resistor. The second end of the tenth resistor serves as the first end of the common protection unit and is connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the switching transistor control module. The fourth transistor has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the tenth resistor. The second terminal of the fourth transistor serves as the third terminal of the common protection unit and is connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor control module. The third terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor.

[0013] In one embodiment, the switching transistor control module includes: The eleventh resistor has its first end serving as the first end of the switching transistor control module and connected to the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module. The second end of the eleventh resistor serves as the second end of the switching transistor control module and is connected to the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module. The twelfth resistor has its first terminal grounded and its second terminal connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor. The second switch has its first end serving as the third end of the switch control module and connected to the power output terminal. The second end of the second switch is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor, and the third end of the second switch is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor.

[0014] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a vehicle that includes the above-described on-board power control circuit.

[0015] This application provides an on-board power supply control circuit connected between the on-board power supply and the power output terminal. The on-board power supply control circuit includes a reverse connection protection module, the first terminal of which is connected to the on-board power supply. The reverse connection protection module is used to disconnect the connection between the on-board power supply and the power output terminal when the on-board power supply outputs a reverse voltage. An overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is also included, with its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the reverse connection protection module. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is used to output a disconnection level at its second terminal when the on-board power supply outputs overvoltage or overcurrent. Finally, a switching transistor control module is also included, with its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, its second terminal connected to the third terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, and its third terminal connected to the power output terminal. The switching transistor control module is used to disconnect the connection between the on-board power supply and the power output terminal when the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module outputs a reverse voltage. When the two-terminal output disconnects, the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal is disconnected. This vehicle power supply control circuit, through the design of the reverse connection protection module, disconnects the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal when the vehicle power supply outputs a reverse voltage, thus achieving reverse connection control. The design of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and the switching transistor control module ensures that when the vehicle power supply outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module outputs a disconnection level, and then the switching transistor control module disconnects the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal, thus achieving overcurrent and overvoltage control. That is, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously achieves overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection functions, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that discrete solutions using discrete components for protection are usually only for single faults (such as only reverse connection protection or only overcurrent protection), which are difficult to cope with complex operating conditions. In other words, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously achieves multiple functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection, thereby improving the functionality of the vehicle power supply control circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the first embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application; Figure 4 This is yet another circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit of the vehicle power control circuit of this application.

[0017] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 200. Vehicle power supply; 10. Reverse connection protection module; 20. Overvoltage and overcurrent protection module; 30. Switching transistor control module; 300. Power output terminal; Q1. First switching transistor; Z1. First Zener diode; R1. First resistor; R2. Second resistor; 21. Overvoltage protection unit; 22. Overcurrent protection unit; 23. Common protection unit; Z2. Second Zener diode; R3. Third resistor; R4. Fourth resistor; R5. Fifth resistor; R6. Sixth resistor; R7. Seventh resistor; R8. Eighth resistor; R9. Ninth resistor; R10. Tenth resistor; K1. First transistor; K2. Second transistor; K3. Third transistor; K4. Fourth transistor; R11. Eleventh resistor; R12. Twelfth resistor; Q2. Second switching transistor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0021] With the development of vehicles, the low-voltage domain controller on vehicles manages multiple electrical loads, such as sensors, actuators, and communication modules. Due to the complex on-board power environment, power circuits often face abnormal operating conditions such as reverse connection, overvoltage, and overcurrent, which may lead to controller damage or system failure. Traditional protection schemes typically use discrete components, such as diodes for reverse connection protection, TVS diodes for overvoltage protection, and fuses for current limiting, but these have the following problems: Insufficient response speed: Traditional fuses or PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) overcurrent protection devices are slow to act and may not effectively protect sensitive circuits. Lack of self-resetting capability: Fuses need to be manually replaced after blowing, and TVS diodes may fail due to repeated overvoltage, affecting system reliability. Limited functionality: Discrete solutions usually only address a single fault (such as only reverse connection protection or only overcurrent protection), making it difficult to cope with complex operating conditions.

[0022] Therefore, based on the shortcomings of the above-mentioned vehicle power supply control circuits, the vehicle power supply control circuit of this application is proposed. The main solution of the embodiments of this application is: through the design of the reverse connection protection module 10, the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 is disconnected when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage, thereby realizing reverse connection protection control; the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 and the switching transistor control module 30 are designed so that when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a disconnection level, thereby controlling the switching transistor control circuit. The shut-off control module 30 disconnects the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 to achieve overcurrent and overvoltage control. That is, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously implements overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection functions. This avoids the situation where discrete solutions using discrete components for protection are usually only designed for a single fault (such as reverse connection protection or overcurrent protection only) and are unable to cope with complex operating conditions. In other words, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously implements multiple functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection, thereby improving the functionality of the vehicle power supply control circuit.

[0023] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide an on-board power control circuit, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the first embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 This application provides an on-board power control circuit, connected between the on-board power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300. The on-board power control circuit includes: The reverse connection protection module 10 has its first end connected to the vehicle power supply 200. The reverse connection protection module 10 is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage. Overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, the first end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module 10, and the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 is used to output a disconnection level at the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent. The switching control module 30 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, its second terminal connected to the third terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, and its third terminal connected to the power output terminal 300. The switching control module 30 is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a disconnection level.

[0025] In this embodiment, the vehicle power control circuit is connected between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300. This circuit detects reverse connection, overcurrent, or overvoltage in the vehicle power supply 200 and promptly disconnects the circuit connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300, thus protecting electrical instruments or drive instruments that require power from the power output terminal 300. Furthermore, this single circuit simultaneously performs reverse connection, overcurrent, and overvoltage detection functions, improving the functionality of the vehicle power control circuit. In one embodiment, during circuit operation, when the voltage passing through the reverse connection protection module 10 is reversed, the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 is directly disconnected through the reverse connection protection module 10 to achieve reverse connection protection. For example, the reverse connection protection module 10 can use a forward-biased diode for reverse connection detection. In another embodiment, during circuit operation, when the voltage passing through the reverse connection protection module 10 is a positive voltage, the reverse connection protection module 10 outputs the voltage to the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. However, when the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 detects that the input voltage is overvoltage or the current is overcurrent, it outputs a disconnection level, which can be a low level or a high level. Based on the disconnection level, the switching transistor control module 30 disconnects the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 to achieve overcurrent and overvoltage protection. For example, the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 can use transistors, switching transistors, etc. with different voltage conduction levels for overcurrent and overvoltage detection, and the switching transistor control module 30 can use transistors, switching transistors, etc. with different conduction levels for conduction control. In another embodiment, during circuit operation, when the voltage passing through the reverse connection protection module 10 is positive, the reverse connection protection module 10 outputs the voltage to the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. Furthermore, when the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 detects that the input voltage is not overvoltage or the current is overcurrent, it outputs a conduction level, which can be low or high. Based on this conduction level, the switching transistor control module 30 controls the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300, thereby ensuring normal power supply to the instruments connected to the power output terminal 300. Therefore, the vehicle power supply control circuit can simultaneously detect reverse connection, overcurrent, and overvoltage of the vehicle power supply 200 using a single circuit, thus expanding the functionality of the vehicle power supply control circuit at a lower cost.

[0026] In this embodiment, a vehicle power supply control circuit is provided, connected between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300. The vehicle power supply control circuit includes a reverse connection protection module 10, the first terminal of which is connected to the vehicle power supply 200. The reverse connection protection module 10 is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage. An overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 is also provided, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the reverse connection protection module 10. The overcurrent protection module 20 is used to output a disconnection level at its second terminal when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent. The switching transistor control module 30 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, its second terminal connected to the third terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, and its third terminal connected to the power output terminal 300. The switching transistor control module 30 is used to output a disconnection level at the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. When the voltage level is low, the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 is disconnected. This vehicle power supply control circuit, through the design of the reverse connection protection module 10, disconnects the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage, thus achieving reverse connection protection control. The design of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 and the switching transistor control module 30 ensures that when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a disconnection level, thereby disconnecting the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 through the switching transistor control module 30, thus achieving overcurrent and overvoltage control. That is, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously achieves the functions of overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that discrete solutions using discrete components for protection are usually only for a single fault (such as only reverse connection protection or only overcurrent protection), which are difficult to cope with complex operating conditions. In other words, a single vehicle power supply control circuit simultaneously achieves multiple functions of overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection, thereby improving the functionality of the vehicle power supply control circuit.

[0027] Furthermore, based on the first embodiment of this application described above, a second embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application is proposed, referring to... Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application. The reverse connection protection module 10 includes: The first switch Q1, the first end of the first switch Q1 serves as the first end of the reverse connection protection module 10 and is connected to the vehicle power supply 200. The first Zener diode Z1 has its cathode connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor Q1, and its anode connected to the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1. The first resistor R1 has its first end connected to the anode of the first Zener diode Z1, and its second end connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode Z1 to serve as the second end of the reverse connection protection module 10. The second resistor R2 has its first end grounded, and its second end is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1.

[0028] In this embodiment, the reverse connection protection module 10 consists of a first switching transistor Q1, a first Zener diode Z1, and two resistors. Since the first terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 serves as the first terminal of the reverse connection protection module 10 and is connected to the vehicle power supply 200, the diode inside the first switching transistor Q1 can be used for reverse connection detection. Specifically, the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 is its gate, the first terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 is its drain, and the second terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 is its source. For example, the vehicle power supply 200 is input from the drain of the first switching transistor Q1. After passing through the body diode of the drain of the first switching transistor Q1 (i.e., the diode connected in parallel with the drain of the first switching transistor Q1 in the figure), a voltage divider is formed across the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2. Once the voltage is divided across the first resistor R1, the first switching transistor Q1 is turned on, and the vehicle power supply 200 supplies power to the subsequent stage through the first switching transistor Q1, i.e., it outputs normally to the subsequent overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. The function of the first Zener diode Z1 is to prevent the voltage across the first resistor R1 from being too high and damaging the first switching transistor Q1. When the vehicle power supply 200 is reverse-connected, that is, when the vehicle power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage, the reverse voltage cannot be transmitted to the subsequent circuit of the first switching transistor Q1 because the reverse cutoff of the body diode inside the first switching transistor Q1 effectively prevents the subsequent circuit from being damaged due to reverse voltage connection.

[0029] In one embodiment, based on the first and / or second embodiments of this application described above, a third embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application is proposed, referring to... Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 includes: Overvoltage protection unit 21, the first end of the overvoltage protection unit 21 serves as the first end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20, and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module 10; Overcurrent protection unit 22, the first end of overcurrent protection unit 22 is connected to the first end of overvoltage protection unit 21, and the second end of overcurrent protection unit 22 is connected to the second end of overvoltage protection unit 21; The common protection unit 23 has its first end serving as the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 and connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and the second end of the switching tube control module 30. The second end of the common protection unit 23 is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit 22, and the third end of the common protection unit 23 serves as the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 and is connected to the first end of the switching tube control module 30.

[0030] In this embodiment, the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 consists of an overvoltage protection unit 21, an overcurrent protection unit 22, and a common protection unit 23. The overvoltage protection unit 21 is used to detect overcurrent in the input voltage, and the overcurrent protection unit 22 is used to detect overcurrent in the input current. The overcurrent protection unit 22 can use a single component for overcurrent detection, such as a Zener diode. Similarly, the overvoltage protection unit 21 can also use a single component for overcurrent detection, such as determining whether an overcurrent has occurred by detecting the voltage across a detection resistor. The shared protection unit 23 refers to the shared control unit of the overvoltage protection unit 21 and the overcurrent protection unit 22. It mainly outputs the results of the overvoltage protection unit 21 and the overcurrent protection unit 22 as a level to the switching transistor control module 30. This causes the switching transistor control module 30 to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a disconnection level, and to connect the line between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a conduction level, so as to realize overcurrent and overvoltage detection and thus expand the functionality of the vehicle power supply control circuit.

[0031] In one embodiment, the overvoltage protection unit 21 includes: The third resistor R3, the second end of the third resistor R3 serves as the first end of the overvoltage protection unit 21 and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module 10. The overvoltage detection subunit has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R3, and its second terminal grounded. The first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R3. The first transistor K1 has its first end connected to the second end of the third resistor R3. The second end of the first transistor K1 serves as the second end of the overvoltage protection unit 21 and is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and the second end of the common protection unit 23. The third end of the first transistor K1 is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor R4.

[0032] Furthermore, the overvoltage detection subunit includes: The second Zener diode Z2 has its cathode serving as the first terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R3. The anode of the second Zener diode Z2 serves as the second terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and is grounded.

[0033] In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection unit 21 consists of a first transistor K1, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and an overvoltage detection subunit. The overvoltage detection subunit can be a second Zener diode Z2. When an overvoltage occurs, the second Zener diode Z2 breaks down and conducts, thereby turning on the first transistor K1. The signal indicating that the first transistor K1 is conducting is input to the subsequent common protection unit 23, and the common protection unit 23 outputs a disconnection level. For example, when the output voltage of the reverse connection protection module 10 exceeds the set overvoltage protection threshold, the second Zener diode Z2 in the overvoltage detection subunit breaks down, a voltage drop is formed across the third resistor R3, the first transistor K1 is turned on, and the output voltage, after passing through the first transistor K1, outputs a disconnection level through the common protection unit 23 to control the disconnection of the vehicle power supply 200 from the power output terminal 300. In another embodiment, when the output voltage of the reverse connection protection module 10 does not exceed the set overvoltage protection threshold, the second Zener diode Z2 in the overvoltage detection subunit is not broken down, a voltage drop cannot be formed across the third resistor R3, the first transistor K1 will not turn on, and the output voltage is output after passing through the overcurrent protection unit 22. Assuming that the overcurrent protection unit 22 finds no overcurrent, the common protection unit 23 will output a conduction level to control the connection between the vehicle power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300, thereby realizing the overvoltage detection function based on a simple and low-cost circuit.

[0034] For example, the overvoltage detection subunit includes a second Zener diode Z2, but it can also be any other voltage detection component, such as a chip that turns on at high voltage and off at low voltage. Of course, to expand the functionality of the entire circuit, multiple Zener diodes and switches can be connected in parallel within the overvoltage detection subunit. Different switches can then be connected based on different needs to connect the required Zener diodes to the circuit, thus achieving overvoltage detection for different requirements.

[0035] In one embodiment, the overcurrent protection unit 22 includes: The second transistor K2 has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and connected to the first end of the overvoltage protection unit 21. The second end of the second transistor K2 also serves as the second end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and is connected to the second end of the overvoltage protection unit 21. The third end of the second transistor K2 serves as the third end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and is connected to the first end of the common protection unit 23. The overcurrent detection subunit has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the second transistor K2, and its second terminal connected to the third terminal of the second transistor K2. The sixth resistor R6 has its second end connected to the second end of the second transistor K2, and its first end grounded.

[0036] Furthermore, the overcurrent detection subunit includes: The fifth resistor R5 has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent detection subunit and connected to the first end of the second transistor K2. The first end of the fifth resistor R5 also serves as the second end of the overcurrent detection subunit and is connected to the third end of the second transistor K2.

[0037] In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection unit 21 consists of a second transistor K2, a sixth resistor R6, and an overcurrent detection subunit. The overcurrent detection subunit can be a fifth resistor R5. When an overcurrent occurs, the voltage across the fifth resistor R5 can turn on the second transistor K2, inputting the signal to the subsequent common protection unit 23, which then outputs a disconnection level. For example, when the output voltage of the overvoltage protection unit 21 exceeds the set overcurrent protection threshold, a voltage drop occurs across the fifth resistor R5, turning on the second transistor K2. The output voltage then passes through the second transistor K2 and the common protection unit 23, outputting a disconnection level to control the disconnection of the vehicle power supply 200 from the power output terminal 300. In another embodiment, when the output voltage of the overvoltage protection unit 21 does not exceed the set overvoltage protection threshold, the voltage drop across the fifth resistor R5 is insufficient to turn on the second transistor K2. The output voltage is then output to the power output terminal 300 after passing through the over-switching control module 30, thereby realizing the overcurrent detection function based on a simple and low-cost circuit.

[0038] For example, the overcurrent detection subunit includes a fifth resistor R5, but it can also be other current detection components, such as a chip that conducts when a small current is applied and disconnects when a large current is applied. Of course, to expand the functionality of the entire circuit, multiple fifth resistors R5 and switches can be connected in parallel in the overcurrent detection subunit. Different switches can then be connected based on different needs to connect the required fifth resistor R5 to the circuit, thereby achieving overcurrent detection for different requirements.

[0039] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is another circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application. The common protection unit 23 includes: The seventh resistor R7 has its first end serving as the second end of the common protection unit 23 and connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit 22. The eighth resistor R8 has its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7, and its first terminal is grounded. The third transistor K3 has its third terminal connected to the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8, and its first terminal grounded. The ninth resistor R9 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the third transistor K3. The tenth resistor R10 has its first end connected to the second end of the ninth resistor R9. The second end of the tenth resistor R10 serves as the first end of the common protection unit 23 and is connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit 22 and the second end of the switching transistor control module 30. The first terminal of the fourth transistor K4 is connected to the second terminal of the tenth resistor R10. The second terminal of the fourth transistor K4 serves as the third terminal of the common protection unit 23 and is connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor control module 30. The third terminal of the fourth transistor K4 is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9.

[0040] In this embodiment, the shared protection unit 23 serves as a shared unit for the two protection units, primarily controlling the state of the switching transistor control module 30 based on the output status of the two protection units. For example, when overvoltage or overcurrent is detected, either the first switching transistor K1 or the second switching transistor K2 outputs voltage to the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6. The voltage at the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is then divided by the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8, thereby turning on the third transistor K3. After the third transistor K3 turns on, the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 divide the voltage, turning on the fourth transistor K4. Once the fourth transistor K4 turns on, it outputs a disconnection level to the switching transistor control module 30 to control the disconnection of the vehicle power supply 200 from the power output terminal 300. It is worth noting that the fourth resistor R4 and the sixth resistor R6 are current-limiting resistors, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the first transistor K1 and the second transistor K2. In one embodiment, when no overcurrent or overvoltage occurs, the third transistor K3 will not conduct, and the voltage is output to the power output terminal 300 through the switching transistor control module 30 (i.e., the switching transistor control module 30 at the power output terminal 300 is driven to conduct at this time). For example, the first transistor K1, the second transistor K2, and the fourth transistor K4 can all be N-type transistors, and the third transistor K3 is a P-type transistor. The entire vehicle power control circuit can integrate reverse connection protection, overvoltage protection, and overcurrent protection functions through the same set of MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) and transistor switching network. Thus, through the hierarchical response of reverse connection protection → input overvoltage clamping → overcurrent protection, it solves the protection requirements of multiple concurrent fault scenarios of vehicle power supply. Compared with traditional single-function solutions, it effectively reduces the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) area occupation and BOM (Bill of Materials) cost. Meanwhile, based on the overcurrent and overvoltage detection principle, the overcurrent and overvoltage thresholds can be flexibly configured through external resistors to adapt to the protection requirements of different load characteristics.

[0041] In one embodiment, based on the first, second, and / or third embodiments of this application described above, a fourth embodiment of the vehicle power control circuit of this application is proposed, wherein the switching transistor control module 30 includes: The eleventh resistor R11 has its first end serving as the first end of the switching transistor control module 30 and connected to the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. The second end of the eleventh resistor R11 serves as the second end of the switching transistor control module 30 and is connected to the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20. The twelfth resistor R12 has its first terminal grounded and its second terminal connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11. The second switch Q2 has its first end serving as the third end of the switch control module 30 and connected to the power output terminal 300. The second end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor R11, and the third end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor R11.

[0042] In this embodiment, the switching control module 30 can be composed of two voltage divider resistors and a second switching transistor Q2, as can be referred to... Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit of the vehicle power control circuit of this application. When the fourth switch K4 is turned on, indicating an overcurrent or overvoltage problem, the gate and source of the second switch Q2 are shorted, turning off the second switch Q2. This effectively disconnects the subsequent circuit in the event of an overvoltage, protecting it from damage. Specifically, the third terminal of the second switch Q2 is its gate, the first terminal is its drain, and the second terminal is its source. In another embodiment, when no overcurrent or overvoltage occurs, the fourth switch K4 is not turned on. In this case, a voltage divider is used through the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 to turn on the second switch Q2, thus outputting the voltage. The entire vehicle power control circuit uses a combination of transistors and current-limiting resistors instead of traditional fuses / PTCs, reducing the protection response time from 200ms to μs. Real-time current sampling enables rapid overcurrent shutdown, addressing the vulnerability of sensitive circuits. MOSFETs can also be used to replace fuses, avoiding the aging problem of TVS diodes, achieving repeatable protection, solving the problem of manual maintenance, and improving system reliability.

[0043] Based on the above embodiments of the vehicle power control circuit, a vehicle is proposed, which includes the above-described vehicle power control circuit.

[0044] In this embodiment, the vehicle uses an on-board power control circuit with a reverse connection protection module 10 to disconnect the connection between the on-board power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 when the on-board power supply 200 outputs a reverse voltage, thus achieving reverse connection protection control. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 and the switching transistor control module 30 are designed so that when the on-board power supply 200 outputs overvoltage or overcurrent, the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module 20 outputs a disconnection level, thereby disconnecting the connection between the on-board power supply 200 and the power output terminal 300 through the switching transistor control module 30, thus achieving overcurrent and overvoltage control. In other words, a single on-board power control circuit simultaneously implements overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection functions, avoiding the situation where discrete solutions using discrete components typically only address single faults (such as only reverse connection protection or only overcurrent protection) and are unable to cope with complex operating conditions. This improves the functionality of the on-board power control circuit by simultaneously implementing multiple functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse connection protection. Furthermore, the entire vehicle power control circuit can ensure the accuracy of normal power supply while reducing power protection costs.

[0045] The above are only some embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle power supply control circuit, characterized in that, The vehicle power control circuit is connected between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal. The vehicle power control circuit includes: A reverse connection protection module, wherein the first end of the reverse connection protection module is connected to the vehicle power supply, and the reverse connection protection module is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal when the vehicle power supply outputs a reverse voltage. An overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is provided, wherein the first terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is connected to the second terminal of the reverse connection protection module, and the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module is used to output a disconnection level at the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module when the vehicle power supply outputs overvoltage or overcurrent. A switching transistor control module is provided, wherein a first terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to a second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, a second terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to a third terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module, and a third terminal of the switching transistor control module is connected to the power output terminal. The switching transistor control module is used to disconnect the connection between the vehicle power supply and the power output terminal when the second terminal of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module outputs a disconnection level.

2. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse connection protection module includes: The first switch tube, the first end of the first switch tube serves as the first end of the reverse connection protection module and is connected to the vehicle power supply. The first Zener diode has its cathode connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and its anode connected to the third terminal of the first switching transistor. The first resistor has its first end connected to the anode of the first Zener diode, and its second end connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode, which then serves as the second end of the reverse connection protection module. The second resistor has its first end grounded and its second end connected to the first end of the first resistor.

3. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The overvoltage and overcurrent protection module includes: An overvoltage protection unit, wherein the first end of the overvoltage protection unit serves as the first end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module; An overcurrent protection unit, wherein a first end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected to a first end of the overvoltage protection unit, and a second end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected to a second end of the overvoltage protection unit; A common protection unit is provided, wherein the first end of the common protection unit serves as the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the switching control module; the second end of the common protection unit is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit; and the third end of the common protection unit serves as the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module and is connected to the first end of the switching control module.

4. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The overvoltage protection unit includes: The third resistor, the second end of which serves as the first end of the overvoltage protection unit and is connected to the second end of the reverse connection protection module; An overvoltage detection subunit is provided, wherein the first terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor, and the second terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit is grounded. A fourth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the third resistor; The first transistor has its first end connected to the second end of the third resistor. The second end of the first transistor serves as the second end of the overvoltage protection unit and is connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the common protection unit. The third end of the first transistor is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor.

5. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The overpressure detection subunit includes: The second Zener diode has its cathode serving as the first terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and connected to the first terminal of the third resistor. The anode of the second Zener diode serves as the second terminal of the overvoltage detection subunit and is grounded.

6. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The overcurrent protection unit includes: The second transistor has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the first end of the overvoltage protection unit; its second end serving as the second end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the second end of the overvoltage protection unit; and its third end serving as the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and connected to the first end of the common protection unit. An overcurrent detection subunit is provided, wherein the first end of the overcurrent detection subunit is connected to the first end of the second transistor, and the second end of the overcurrent detection subunit is connected to the third end of the second transistor. The sixth resistor has its second end connected to the second end of the second transistor, and its first end grounded.

7. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The overcurrent detection subunit includes: The fifth resistor has its first end serving as the first end of the overcurrent detection subunit and connected to the first end of the second transistor. The first end of the fifth resistor also serves as the second end of the overcurrent detection subunit and is connected to the third end of the second transistor.

8. The vehicle power control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The shared protection unit includes: The seventh resistor has its first end serving as the second end of the common protection unit and connected to the second end of the overcurrent protection unit. The eighth resistor has its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the seventh resistor, and its first terminal grounded. The third transistor, the third terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the eighth resistor, and the first terminal of which is grounded; The ninth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the third transistor; The tenth resistor has its first end connected to the second end of the ninth resistor. The second end of the tenth resistor serves as the first end of the common protection unit and is connected to the third end of the overcurrent protection unit and the second end of the switching transistor control module. The fourth transistor has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the tenth resistor. The second terminal of the fourth transistor serves as the third terminal of the common protection unit and is connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor control module. The third terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor.

9. The vehicle power control circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The switching transistor control module includes: The eleventh resistor has its first end serving as the first end of the switching transistor control module and connected to the second end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module. The second end of the eleventh resistor serves as the second end of the switching transistor control module and is connected to the third end of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection module. The twelfth resistor has its first terminal grounded and its second terminal connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor. The second switch has its first end serving as the third end of the switch control module and connected to the power output terminal. The second end of the second switch is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor, and the third end of the second switch is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the on-board power control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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