Intelligent sensing ground system

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of intelligent measurement and control of power maintenance, and particularly relates to an intelligent ground wire system. The system comprises a ground hook connection state sensing unit, a ground wire clamp state sensing unit, a positioning module and a broadcast terminal. The ground hook connection state sensing unit collects the hooking state of the hook, the ground wire clamp state sensing unit monitors the connection state of the wire clamp and the ground bar, and the positioning module provides the position information of the wire clamp. The broadcast terminal broadcasts the state information in real time through the built-in voice broadcast module, thereby reducing the risk of electrical accidents. The system has compact structure and convenient operation, can significantly improve the safety and maintenance efficiency of the grounding system, and is suitable for various power maintenance scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of intelligent measurement and control in power maintenance, and specifically relates to an intelligent sensing ground wire system. Background Technology

[0002] The applicant proposed a grounding hook sensing module and an inductive grounding clamp for grounding wire measurement and control (the specific technical solution will be described in detail below), which provides the structural basis for remote measurement and control and local status identification of grounding.

[0003] To further realize the measurement and control of grounding status and reduce the time for grounding inspection, this application will describe the connection of its circuit hardware. Utility Model Content

[0004] Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a technical solution for circuit hardware to realize local broadcasting and remote monitoring and control of grounding status.

[0005] Technical solution: An intelligent sensing grounding system, characterized in that it includes:

[0006] The grounding hook connection status sensing unit is used to collect the connection status of the grounding hook;

[0007] The grounding clamp status sensing unit is used to collect the connection status between the grounding clamp and the ground busbar;

[0008] The positioning module is used to locate the position information of the grounding clamp;

[0009] The broadcast terminal is used to receive status information on the connection status of the grounding hook and the connection status between the grounding clamp and the grounding bar.

[0010] The broadcast terminal has a built-in voice broadcast module. Grounding hooks and grounding clamps are key components connecting the grounding system to equipment, and their connection status directly affects the safety of the grounding system. By collecting connection status data in real time, grounding failures due to poor contact can be effectively avoided, improving system safety and reliability. The broadcast terminal provides intuitive real-time feedback to staff by centrally receiving and processing multiple sets of status information. The voice broadcast module facilitates information transmission in noisy or limited-view environments, reducing the risk of misoperation and improving operational convenience.

[0011] Furthermore, the positioning module is integrated into the grounding clamp, which receives data from the connection status sensing module of one or more grounding hooks;

[0012] The grounding clamp has a built-in wireless transmission module that connects wirelessly to the broadcast terminal. In complex working environments, the grounding clamps may be located in multiple locations. The positioning module provides accurate geographical location information, enabling staff to quickly locate the equipment, reduce troubleshooting time, and improve work efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the grounding hook connection status sensing unit includes a power supply, a voltage regulator module, a sensor module, an amplifier module, a microcontroller module, and a wireless transmission module.

[0014] The input of the voltage regulator module is connected to the power supply, and the output of the voltage regulator module is connected to the sensor module, amplifier module, microcontroller module, and wireless transmission module.

[0015] The output of the sensor module is connected to the input of the amplifier module, and the output of the amplifier module is connected to the microcontroller module.

[0016] The output of the microcontroller module is connected to the input of the wireless transmission module.

[0017] The power supply and voltage regulation module ensures that the system components operate stably under different environments, avoiding interference from voltage fluctuations to the sensors and microcontroller modules.

[0018] The sensor module detects the physical state of the grounding hook (such as contact pressure or conductivity), the amplifier module amplifies the sensor signal to improve signal quality, the microcontroller module handles signal processing and logic judgment, and the wireless transmission module enables efficient data transmission. This modular design improves the system's reliability and maintainability.

[0019] Furthermore, the grounding clamp status sensing unit includes another independent power supply, voltage regulator module, sensor module, amplifier module, microcontroller module and wireless transmission module, which are connected in the same way as the grounding hook connection status sensing unit, and also include a remote wireless transmission module and a positioning module.

[0020] The positioning module is connected to the microcontroller signal within the grounding clamp status sensing unit;

[0021] The remote wireless transmission module includes a data forwarding module and a wireless communication module connected to the data forwarding module.

[0022] The power supply and voltage regulator modules serve the same functions as above. The remote wireless transmission module integrates a 4G / 5G module, supporting long-distance data transmission and providing a foundation for remote measurement and control.

[0023] The signal connection between the positioning module and the microcontroller module can integrate position and status information, facilitating comprehensive system analysis and feedback.

[0024] Furthermore, the broadcast terminal incorporates a built-in voice control module, a voice broadcast module, and a control system. The combination of the voice control and broadcast modules transforms complex status data into intuitive voice information, facilitating quick understanding and response by staff. The control system ensures the accuracy and prioritization of broadcast content (e.g., prioritizing the broadcast of abnormal statuses), enhancing the system's intelligence level.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this application are: by real-time monitoring of the grounding hook connection status sensing unit and the grounding clamp status sensing unit, abnormal connection of the grounding hook or clamp can be detected in a timely manner, reducing the risk of electrical accidents caused by grounding failure.

[0026] The positioning module provides precise location information for the grounding clamp. Combined with the voice broadcast function, it enables staff to quickly locate and handle problems, reducing troubleshooting time and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0027] The system supports long-distance data transmission and independent operation with a modular design, which can be flexibly applied to power maintenance scenarios of different scales and complexities, and has strong versatility and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 , 3 Figures 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of the physical structure of the grounding hook, grounding clamp, and broadcast terminal, respectively.

[0029] Figure 2 , 4 Figures 6 and 7 are circuit diagrams of the grounding hook, grounding clamp, and broadcast terminal, respectively.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Conductor; 2. Arc plate; 3. Conductor rod; 4. Pressure-sensitive element; 5. Grounding hook connection status sensing unit; 6. Fixing component; 7. Clamping component; 8. Adjusting screw; 9. Grounding clamp status sensing unit; 10. Guide column; 11. Broadcast terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Example 1, Grounding Hook

[0032] The mechanical structure of the grounding hook is as follows Figure 1 As shown, wire 1 lifts the arc-shaped plate 2, and through the conductive rod 3, presses the pressure-sensitive element 4 on the PCB board, changing the circuit state. The grounding hook connection status sensing unit 5 is located at the top of the grounding hook.

[0033] The circuit diagram of the grounding hook is shown below. Figure 2 As shown:

[0034] 1. Power supply circuit connection

[0035] The power supply converts the lithium battery input (typically nominally 3.7V) to a stable 3.3V for use by sensors, wireless modules, and the MCU. A low-dropout regulator ensures reliable operation within the battery voltage range.

[0036] Voltage regulator: TPS73733DCQR.

[0037] Input terminal (VIN, pin 1): Directly connected to the positive terminal of a 3.7V lithium battery. A 10μF electrolytic capacitor is added in parallel for input filtering to reduce ripple.

[0038] Ground (GND, pin 2): Connected to the negative terminal of the battery and the system ground plane.

[0039] Output (OUT, pin 3): Provides 3.3V to the pressure sensor, wireless module, and MCU's VCC pin (VDD pin 48 of STM32F103C8T6). A 10μF electrolytic capacitor and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor are connected in parallel at the output for stability and noise suppression.

[0040] Enable terminal (EN, if available in the variant): Connected to VIN via a 10kΩ pull-up resistor to enable normally open operation.

[0041] Additional protection: A Schottky diode is connected in series with the positive terminal of the battery to prevent reverse polarity. Overcurrent protection is achieved through a 1A PTC resettable fuse.

[0042] 2. Pressure sensor circuit connection

[0043] The Honeywell FSS series is a low-profile piezoresistive force sensor employing a Wheatstone bridge design to provide a differential millivolt (mV) output proportional to the applied force (e.g., the clamping force from the transmission rod 3). It operates at 3.3V and requires signal amplification for interface with an MCU due to its relatively small raw output (approximately 2mV / V full scale).

[0044] Sensor: Honeywell FSS1500NGT.

[0045] Pin layout and connections (4-pad SMT package: V+, V-, VO+, VO-):

[0046] Excitation positive terminal (V+): Connected to the 3.3V regulated output of the power supply.

[0047] Excitation negative terminal (V-): Connected to system ground.

[0048] Positive output (VO+): Connect to the non-inverting input (VIN+, pin 6) of the differential instrumentation amplifier (INA125P, for low-noise amplification).

[0049] Negative output (VO-): Connected to the inverting input of the amplifier (IN-, pin 7).

[0050] Amplification stage: Using INA125P (16-pin DIP / SOIC package).

[0051] Amplifier power supply (V+, pin 1): Connect to 3.3V.

[0052] Amplifier ground (V-, pin 8): Connected to ground.

[0053] Amplifier output (pin 10): Connect to the MCU ADC input (PA1 of STM32F103C8T6). Add a low-pass RC filter (R=1kΩ, C=0.1μF) to suppress noise.

[0054] Reference terminal (pin 5): Connected to ground to enable unipolar operation.

[0055] Additional components: A 0.1μF decoupling capacitor is connected in parallel between V+ and V- to ensure stability. The sensor output is proportional to the supply voltage, therefore no external reference is required, only amplification.

[0056] 3. Wireless transmission module circuit connection

[0057] The nRF24L01+ is a 2.4GHz transceiver used for low-power wireless data transmission (sending hook status to the ground clamp). It communicates with the MCU via SPI, supports data rates up to 2Mbps and AES-128 encryption.

[0058] Module: nRF24L01 (QFN20 package).

[0059] Power supply (VDD, pin 7): Connect to the 3.3V regulated output.

[0060] Ground (VSS, pin 8): Connected to system ground.

[0061] Chip enable (CE, pin 1): Connect to MCU GPIO PA8 (high level enables transmit / receive).

[0062] Chip Select (CSN, pin 2): Connect to MCU GPIO PA9 (low level selects the module for SPI).

[0063] Serial clock (SCK, pin 3): Connected to MCU SPI_SCK (PB13).

[0064] Master output slave input (MOSI, pin 4): Connected to MCU SPI_MOSI (PB15).

[0065] Master input, slave output (MISO, pin 5): Connected to MCU SPI_MISO (PB14).

[0066] Interrupt Request (IRQ, pin 6): Connected to MCU GPIO PB0 (falling edge interrupt, for data ready or error).

[0067] Additional components: A 10μF capacitor in parallel between VCC and GND for power stability during transmission bursts. An external antenna is added if required, but the module includes an integrated PCB antenna.

[0068] Example 2, Grounding clamp

[0069] The mechanical structure of the grounding clamp is as follows Figure 3 As shown, it includes a fixing member 6, a clamping member 7, an adjusting screw 8, a transmitting / receiving antenna, and supporting electronic components. The electronic components are located in the cavity below the fixing member 6 and together form the grounding clamp status sensing unit 9. When the grounding clamp is used to hold the grounding bar, the grounding bar will press down the guide post 10 to press the pressure-sensitive element 4 on the pressure sensor, changing the status signal of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor will synchronize the signal to the wireless transmission module and the positioning module.

[0070] The circuit principle of the grounding clamp is as follows Figure 4 As shown.

[0071] 1. Power supply circuit connection

[0072] The power supply design is identical to the grounding hook, ensuring a stable 3.3V output and supporting power supply for multiple modules (including nRF24L01+, ESP8266, SIM800L and GPS).

[0073] Voltage regulator: TPS73733DCQR (SOT-223 package).

[0074] Input terminal (VIN, pin 1): Connect to the positive terminal of a 3.7V lithium battery. A 10μF electrolytic capacitor and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor are connected in parallel for filtering.

[0075] Ground (GND, pin 6): Connects the negative terminal of the battery to the system ground plane.

[0076] Output terminal (OUT, pin 2): Outputs 3.3V to the MCU (VDD pin 64 of STM32F103RCT6), pressure sensor FSS1500NGT (V+), nRF24L01 (VDD, pin 7), ESP8266EX (VDDPST, pin 17), and SIM800C (VBAT, pin 34; note that SIM800C supports 3.3V-4.2V and can be directly powered by a battery, but this embodiment uses voltage regulation).

[0077] Enable terminal: Connected to VIN via a 10kΩ pull-up resistor.

[0078] Additional protections: A 1N5819 Schottky diode is connected in series with the positive terminal of the battery to prevent reverse connection; a 1A PTC fuse is used to prevent overcurrent; a 10μF electrolytic capacitor and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor are connected in parallel between VOUT and GND.

[0079] 2. Pressure sensor circuit connection (self-connection status acquisition)

[0080] Similar to the hook module, the clamping status is detected using a Honeywell FSS-SMT pressure sensor (pressure is transmitted through guide post 10, achieving binary judgment). The FSS1500NGT sensor is placed inside the cavity of the clamp's fixing part 6 and is compatible with the hook.

[0081] Sensor pin connections (4-pad SMT: V+, V-, VO+, VO-):

[0082] V+: Connect to 3.3V (TPS73733 output).

[0083] V-: Connects to the system ground.

[0084] VO+: Connect to instrumentation amplifier INA125P (pin 6, VIN+).

[0085] VO-: Connect to INA125P (pin 7, IN-).

[0086] Amplifier INA125P (16-pin SOIC):

[0087] V+ (pin 1): Connect to 3.3V (TPS73733 output). Connect a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor in parallel for decoupling.

[0088] V- (pin 3): Connect to system ground.

[0089] SLEEP# (pin 2): Connect to MCU GPIO PA3 (high level for normal operation, low level for sleep, initially pulled high to 3.3V through a 10kΩ resistor).

[0090] VIN+ (pin 6): Connect to sensor VO+.

[0091] VIN- (pin 7): Connect to sensor VO-.

[0092] VO (pin 10): Connect to MCU ADC channel PA1 (STM32F103C8T6). Add a low-pass RC filter (R=1kΩ, C=0.1μF).

[0093] RG (pins 8 and 9): Connect via a 600Ω resistor and set the gain to 100.

[0094] VREFCOM (pin 12): Connect to system ground (single power supply reference).

[0095] VREFBG (pin 13): Unused (can be left blank or connected to ground).

[0096] Additional components: 0.1μF decoupling capacitor between V+ and V-; P6KE6.8A TVS diode in parallel with PA2 pin for ESD protection.

[0097] 3. Wireless receiver module circuit connection (receives data from 1-3 hooks)

[0098] The nRF24L01 (QFN20 package) is used as the receiver, and the transmitting module of the matching hook is matched. The MCU software supports multiple devices (1-3 hook IDs are bound via dynamic address) and receives data packets (JSON format, including hook ID and status).

[0099] Module pin connections:

[0100] VDD (pin 7): Connect to 3.3V.

[0101] VSS (pin 8): Connect to system ground.

[0102] CE (pin 1): Connects to MCU PC4 (high level enables reception).

[0103] CSN (pin 2): Connect to PC5 (low level selects SPI).

[0104] SCK (pin 3): Connect to PB3 (SPI_SCK).

[0105] MOSI (pin 4): Connect to PB5 (SPI_MOSI).

[0106] MISO (pin 5): Connect to PB4 (SPI_MISO).

[0107] IRQ (pin 6): Connects to PB10 (falling edge interrupt, notifying data arrival).

[0108] Additional components: 10μF capacitor between VCC and GND; built-in PCB antenna (no external connection required, sufficient for transmission distance <50m); 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor added to IRQ pin.

[0109] 4. Geographic location module circuit connection

[0110] The NEO-M8U-06B GPS module is used to lock the location (accuracy <5m), and the system is triggered every 5 seconds when the location is updated or the status changes. Data is injected into the transmission packet.

[0111] Module pin connections (24 pins):

[0112] VCC (pin 23): Connect to 3.3V.

[0113] GND (pin 24): Connect to system ground.

[0114] TxD1 (pin 21): Connect to MCU UART_RX (PA10).

[0115] RxD1 (pin 20): Connect to PA9.

[0116] TIMEPULSE (pin 3): Connects to PB2 (time synchronization pulse).

[0117] Additional components: 0.1μF decoupling capacitor between VCC and GND; P6KE6.8A TVS diode connected in parallel to UART pin (PA9 / PA10).

[0118] 5. Wireless transmission module circuit connection (to terminal and cloud)

[0119] To the voice terminal: Using the ESP8266EX (QFN32 package, BLE mode), aggregated data (its own status + status of hooks 1-3 + position) is sent. The terminal broadcasts in real time (e.g., "Hook 1 is connected normally, clip is not connected").

[0120] Pin connections:

[0121] VDDPST (pins 11 / 17): Connect to 3.3V.

[0122] GND (pins 8 / 14 / 20 / 24): Connect to system ground.

[0123] U0TXD (pin 26): Connects to MCU UART_RX (PB7).

[0124] U0RXD (pin 25): Connect to PB6.

[0125] GPIO0 (pin 15): Connect to PC15 (mode selection).

[0126] To the cloud server: SIM800C (LGA88 package, 4G module) is used for data transmission via MQTT protocol (QoS=1, ensuring reliable transmission). Remote monitoring and control is supported (server-issued commands).

[0127] Pin connections:

[0128] VBAT (pin 1 / 42): Connect to 3.3V-4.2V (can be directly connected to a battery or regulated voltage).

[0129] GND (pins 2 / 6 / 8, etc.): Connect to system ground.

[0130] TXD (pin 32): Connects to MCU UART_TX (PC10).

[0131] RXD (pin 31): Connect to PC11.

[0132] RESET (pin 49): Connect to PD0 (low-level reset).

[0133] 6. System Collaboration and Data Processing

[0134] Data aggregation: The MCU receives hook data (triggered by IRQ PB10), collects its own PA2 and GPS (UART PA9 / 10), and forms a JSON packet: {clamp_id, hooks_status[1-3], clamp_status, position, timestamp}.

[0135] Sending and broadcasting: ESP8266 sends data to the terminal (BLE, <1s delay); SIM800L reports to the cloud (MQTT). Terminal edge computing threshold, broadcasting in case of anomalies.

[0136] Anomaly handling: Heartbeat monitoring (every 30 seconds), switch to backup mode if link is interrupted (clip directly connected to the cloud).

[0137] Example 3, Broadcast Terminal 11

[0138] like Figure 5 As shown, the broadcast terminal 11 is mounted on the insulating rod where the wiring hook is located.

[0139] The circuit principle of the broadcast terminal 11 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown:

[0140] 1. Power circuit connection

[0141] Voltage regulator:

[0142] 3.3V LDO: TPS73733DCQR (SOT-223 package).

[0143] VIN (pin 1): Connect to the positive terminal of the 5V adapter or the lithium battery. Connect a 10μF electrolytic capacitor and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor in parallel.

[0144] GND (pin 3): Connect to system ground.

[0145] OUT (pin 2): Outputs 3.3V to the MCU (STM32F407VGT6 VDD pins 19 / 50 / 75 / 100) and ESP8266 (VDDPST pins 11 / 17). Connect 10μF and 0.1μF capacitors in parallel.

[0146] EN: Pull up to VIN via 10kΩ.

[0147] 5V Regulated: LM2596SX-5.0 / NOPB (TO-263 package).

[0148] VIN (pin 1): Connect to a 5V adapter or lithium battery.

[0149] GND (pin 2): Connect to system ground.

[0150] VOUT (pin 3): Output 5V to WT588D. Connect a 22μF capacitor and a 0.1μF capacitor in parallel.

[0151] Protection: 1N5819 is connected in series at the input terminal, and P6KE6.8A TVS is connected in parallel at the output terminal.

[0152] 2. Wireless receiver module (ESP8266EX)

[0153] Function: Receives BLE data from the grounding clamp, acting as the Central.

[0154] Pin connections:

[0155] VDDPST (pins 11 / 17): 3.3V.

[0156] GND (pin 33): Ground.

[0157] U0TXD (pin 26): MCU PD6 (UART_RX).

[0158] U0RXD (pin 25): PD5 (UART_TX).

[0159] GPIO0 (pin 15): PC15 (mode selection, initial pull-high).

[0160] RESET (pin 10): PD0 (Reset, initial pull-high).

[0161] LNA (pin 2): PCB antenna.

[0162] Additional: 10μF and 0.1μF capacitors, TVS on UART pin.

[0163] 3. Voice broadcast module (WT588D-20SS)

[0164] Features: Real-time status updates and pre-recorded audio.

[0165] Pin connections:

[0166] VDD (pin 16): 5V.

[0167] GND (pin 8): Ground.

[0168] P14 / DI (pin 5): MCU PB15 (SPI_MOSI).

[0169] BUSY (any one of pins 6-9): PB14 (interrupt feedback)

[0170] PWM+ (pin 2): Speaker positive.

[0171] PWM- (pin 4): Speaker negative.

[0172] Additional components: 0.1μF decoupling capacitor, TVS pin for SPI, speaker filter.

[0173] 4. Microcontroller (MCU)

[0174] Model: STM32F407VGT6 (LQFP100).

[0175] Pin connections:

[0176] VDD (pins 19 / 50 / 75 / 100): 3.3V.

[0177] GND (pins 18 / 49 / 74 / 99): Ground.

[0178] PD6 (UART_RX): ESP8266 U0TXD.

[0179] PD5 (UART_TX): ESP8266 U0RXD.

[0180] PB15 (SPI_MOSI): WT588D P14 / DI.

[0181] PB14 (GPIO): WT588D BUSY.

[0182] PC15: ESP8266 GPIO0.

[0183] PD0: ESP8266 RESET.

Claims

1. An intelligent sensing grounding system, characterized in that, include: Grounding hook connection status sensing unit (5) is used to collect the connection status of the grounding hook; Grounding clamp status sensing unit (9) is used to collect the connection status between the grounding clamp and the ground busbar; The positioning module is used to locate the position information of the grounding clamp; The broadcast terminal (11) is used to receive the status information of the grounding hook's hanging status and the status information of the connection status between the grounding clamp and the grounding bar; The broadcasting terminal (11) has a built-in voice broadcasting module.

2. The intelligent sensing grounding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning module is integrated into the grounding clamp, and the grounding clamp receives data from the connection status sensing module of one or more grounding hooks; The wireless transmission module built into the grounding clamp is wirelessly connected to the broadcasting terminal (11).

3. The intelligent sensing grounding system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The grounding hook connection status sensing unit (5) includes a power supply, a voltage regulator module, a sensor module, an amplifier module, a microcontroller module, and a wireless transmission module. The input of the voltage regulator module is connected to the power supply, and the output of the voltage regulator module is connected to the sensor module, the amplifier module, the microcontroller module, and the wireless transmission module. The output terminal of the sensor module is connected to the input terminal of the amplifier module, and the output terminal of the amplifier module is connected to the microcontroller module. The output of the microcontroller module is connected to the input of the wireless transmission module.

4. The intelligent sensing grounding system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The grounding clamp status sensing unit (9) includes another independent power supply, voltage regulator module, sensor module, amplifier module, microcontroller module and wireless transmission module. Its connection method is the same as that of the grounding hook connection status sensing unit (5). It also includes a remote wireless transmission module and a positioning module. The positioning module is connected to the microcontroller signal in the grounding clamp status sensing unit (9); The remote wireless transmission module includes a data forwarding module and a wireless communication module connected to the data forwarding module.

5. A smart sensing grounding system as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The broadcast terminal (11) has a built-in voice control module, a voice broadcast module and its control system.

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