A commutator structure for a direct current motor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct current motor commutator structure, including the pivot, the outer ring side of pivot is penetrated and is provided with the commutator subassembly, the outer ring of commutator subassembly is opened with spiral groove, the commutator subassembly includes commutator segment, the commutator segment and mica insulating sheet alternate arrangement constitute a cylindrical commutator subassembly, the commutator segment and mica insulating sheet close to the position of circle center all are provided with the inclined plane, set up the cooling channel and the second groove body constitute the commutator segment axial heat dissipation path, when the motor operation, the motor internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through heat dissipation path, directly take away the heat of commutator segment core part, greatly reduce the working temperature of commutator, increase the heat dissipation area of commutator segment under the action of first opening groove and second opening groove, further improve the heat dissipation effect, alleviate the thermal aging problem, set up spiral groove can effectively destroy the air film of brush and commutator segment surface, ensure the contact stability, thereby significantly reduce spark.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of DC motor commutator technology, specifically a DC motor commutator structure. Background Technology

[0002] DC motors are widely used due to their excellent speed regulation performance. The commutator is a key component of a DC motor, and its function is to convert the alternating current in the armature winding into direct current in the external circuit through sliding contact with the brushes, also known as "commutation". Traditional commutators are usually composed of multiple wedge-shaped copper busbars (commutator segments) forming a cylindrical shape, with mica sheets insulating between the segments and mica rings and pressure rings at both ends. In practical applications, traditional commutators have poor heat dissipation performance. Due to the high speed and high current operation of the motor, electric arcs and a large amount of Joule heat are generated between the brushes and commutator segments. The heat accumulates inside the copper busbars and is difficult to dissipate quickly, resulting in excessive overall temperature rise. High temperature will accelerate the aging of the insulation material and reduce the insulation performance. In addition, mechanical and electrical wear between the commutator segments and brushes is unavoidable, but the traditional planar contact method is prone to forming an air film at high speeds, leading to unstable contact, aggravating sparks, and burning the surface of the commutator segments, forming pits and burn marks, further accelerating wear. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of this utility model and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or existing DC motor commutator structures, this utility model is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a DC motor commutator structure. The cooling channel and the second groove form an axial heat dissipation path for the commutator segments. When the motor is running, the internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through the heat dissipation path to directly remove the heat from the core part of the commutator segments, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the commutator and alleviates the problem of thermal aging. The spiral groove can effectively break the air film on the surface of the brush and the commutator segments to ensure stable contact and thus significantly reduce sparks.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A DC motor commutator structure includes a shaft, a commutator assembly is disposed through the outer ring of the shaft, a spiral groove is formed on the outer ring of the commutator assembly, the commutator assembly includes commutator segments, the commutator segments and mica insulating sheets are alternately arranged to form a cylindrical commutator assembly, and the commutator segments and mica insulating sheets are provided with inclined surfaces near the center.

[0008] The commutator includes a first opening slot on the right side of the commutator, a cooling channel is formed through the commutator, and a second opening slot is formed on one side of the commutator near the center.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, two mica insulating rings and two pressure rings are provided through the outer ring of the rotating shaft. The pressure rings are located outside the mica insulating rings, and both the mica insulating rings and the pressure rings are located inside the commutator assembly.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, a limiting cylinder is fixedly provided through the outer ring of the rotating shaft, and the limiting cylinder is located on the left side of the commutator assembly.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, the outer ring of the rotating shaft has a threaded groove near the right side, and the rotating shaft is threadedly connected to a fastening nut through the threaded groove. The fastening nut is located on the right side of the commutator assembly.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, grooves are provided on the outer ring sides of both the commutator segments and the mica insulating sheets. All the commutator segments and mica insulating sheets are arranged alternately to form a cylinder. The grooves on the outer ring sides of the commutator segments and mica insulating sheets in the cylinder are connected end to end to form a spiral groove.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, the mica insulating ring includes a first slot, the first slot is provided on the side of the mica insulating ring away from the pressure ring, a first through hole is provided through the center of the mica insulating ring, and a second slot is provided on the side of the mica insulating ring close to the pressure ring.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, the pressure ring includes a third slot, the third slot is provided on the side of the pressure ring close to the mica insulating ring, and a second through hole is provided on the side of the pressure ring away from the mica insulating ring.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, the limiting cylinder includes a first groove, the outer ring of the limiting cylinder has a first groove, and the limiting cylinder has a second groove, which is disposed inside the first groove.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the DC motor commutator structure described in this utility model, the limiting cylinder further includes a third through hole, the limiting cylinder has a third through hole at its center, and the side wall of the third through hole has a third groove.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: the cooling channel and the second slot form an axial heat dissipation path for the commutator. When the motor is running, the internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through the heat dissipation path to directly remove the heat from the core part of the commutator, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the commutator. At the same time, the heat dissipation area of ​​the commutator is increased under the action of the first and second opening slots, which further improves the heat dissipation effect and alleviates the problem of thermal aging. The spiral groove can effectively break the air film on the surface of the brush and the commutator, ensuring stable contact and thus significantly reducing sparks. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Among them:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the commutator assembly and a schematic diagram of the mica insulating ring and pressure ring structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the commutator assembly structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the commutator and spiral groove structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the commutator segment and mica insulating sheet structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mica insulating ring and the pressure ring of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting cylinder structure of this utility model.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Shaft; 2. Commutator assembly; 201. Commutator segment; 2011. First slot; 2012. Cooling channel; 2013. Second slot; 202. Mica insulating sheet; 3. Mica insulating ring; 301. First slot; 302. First through hole; 303. Second slot; 4. Pressure ring; 401. Third slot; 402. Second through hole; 5. Limiting cylinder; 501. First groove; 502. Second groove; 503. Third groove; 504. Third through hole; 6. Threaded groove; 7. Fastening nut; 8. Spiral groove; 9. Inclined surface. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Secondly, this utility model is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of this utility model, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. In addition, in actual manufacturing, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This utility model provides a DC motor commutator structure. The cooling channel and the second groove form an axial heat dissipation path for the commutator segments. When the motor is running, the internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through the heat dissipation path to directly remove the heat from the core part of the commutator segments, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the commutator and alleviates the problem of thermal aging. The spiral groove can effectively break the air film between the brush and the surface of the commutator segments, ensuring stable contact and thus significantly reducing sparks.

[0031] Figures 1-7 The diagram shown is an overall structural schematic of one embodiment of a DC motor commutator structure according to this utility model. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-7This embodiment of a DC motor commutator structure includes a shaft 1, with a commutator assembly 2 extending through the outer ring of the shaft 1. The outer ring of the commutator assembly 2 has a spiral groove 8. The commutator assembly 2 includes commutator segments 201, which are alternately arranged to form a cylindrical commutator assembly 2. Both the commutator segments 201 and the mica insulating sheets 202 have inclined surfaces 9 near the center. The outer ring of both the commutator segments 201 and the mica insulating sheets 202 has grooves. All the commutator segments 201 and the mica insulating sheets 202 are alternately arranged to form a cylinder. The grooves on the outer ring of the commutator segments 201 and the mica insulating sheets 202 in this cylinder are connected end to end to form the spiral groove 8.

[0032] The commutator 201 includes a first opening slot 2011 opened on the right side of the commutator 201, a cooling channel 2012 extending through the commutator 201, and a second opening slot 2013 opened on one side of the commutator 201 near the center.

[0033] The cooling channel 2012 and the second slot 502 constitute the axial heat dissipation path of the commutator segment 2. When the motor is running, the internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through the heat dissipation path to directly remove the heat from the core part of the commutator segment 2, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the commutator. At the same time, the heat dissipation area of ​​the commutator segment 2 is increased by the action of the first opening slot 2011 and the second opening slot 2013. The spiral slot 8 can effectively break the air film on the surface of the brush and the commutator segment 2, ensuring stable contact and thus significantly reducing sparks.

[0034] Two mica insulating rings 3 and two pressure rings 4 are provided through the outer ring of the rotating shaft 1. The pressure rings 4 are located outside the mica insulating rings 3. Both the mica insulating rings 3 and the pressure rings 4 are located inside the commutator assembly 2. A limit cylinder 5 is fixedly provided through the outer ring of the rotating shaft 1. The limit cylinder 5 is located on the left side of the commutator assembly 2. A threaded groove 6 is opened near the right side of the outer ring of the rotating shaft 1. The rotating shaft 1 is threadedly connected to a fastening nut 7 through the threaded groove 6. The fastening nut 7 is located on the right side of the commutator assembly 2.

[0035] The mica insulating ring 3 and the pressure ring 4 are used to press and limit the commutator assembly 2. Pressure is applied under the action of the fastening nut 7, and the limiting cylinder 5 provides the reaction force required for the pressing process. The limiting cylinder 5 is installed on the rotating shaft 1 by interference fit, thereby pressing and fixing the commutator assembly 2. Furthermore, the limiting cylinder 5 is provided with a protrusion on the side near the left pressure ring 4, and the pressure ring 4 is provided with a groove that matches the protrusion. The cooperation between the protrusion and the groove further enhances the pressing of the limiting cylinder 5 against the pressure ring 4. The structure of the protrusion and the groove is the same as that of the pressure ring 4 being inserted into the second groove 303 to press against it, and the mica insulating ring 3 being inserted into the third groove 401 to press against it. This structure is not shown in this patent. This structure makes the two interlock and press against each other. This part of the structure is a prior art structure.

[0036] The mica insulating ring 3 includes a first groove 301, which is provided on the side of the mica insulating ring 3 away from the pressure ring 4. A first through hole 302 is provided through the center of the mica insulating ring 3. A second groove 303 is provided on the side of the mica insulating ring 3 close to the pressure ring 4. The pressure ring 4 includes a third groove 401, which is provided on the side of the pressure ring 4 close to the mica insulating ring 3. A second through hole 402 is provided on the side of the pressure ring 4 away from the mica insulating ring 3.

[0037] Commutator segment 201 and mica insulating sheet 202 are alternately arranged to form a cylinder. The inclined surface 9 of the cylinder forms a protrusion. The protrusion and the mica insulating ring 3 are engaged through the first slot 301. The mica insulating ring 3 acts on the inclined surface 9 to press and limit the cylinder formed by commutator segment 201 and mica insulating sheet 202. The pressure ring 4 is engaged with the mica insulating ring 3 through the third slot 401. The mica insulating ring 3 is engaged with the pressure ring 4 through the second slot 303. The two are engaged and pressed together to limit the movement. The second through hole 402 and the third slot 401 are connected. The first through hole 302 and the first slot 301 are connected. The commutator segment 201 and the mica insulating sheet 202 have the same cross-section.

[0038] The limiting cylinder 5 includes a first groove 501, with the first groove 501 opened on the outer ring side of the limiting cylinder 5, and a second groove 502 opened on the limiting cylinder 5. The second groove 502 is disposed inside the first groove 501. The limiting cylinder 5 also includes a third through hole 504, with the third through hole 504 opened at the center of the limiting cylinder 5, and a third groove 503 opened on the side wall of the third through hole 504.

[0039] Since the limiting cylinder 5 is in contact with the commutator segment 201, it is used for pressing and limiting the commutator assembly 2. The first groove 501 opened on the limiting cylinder 5 increases its heat dissipation area. The first groove 501, the second groove 502 and the third groove 503 are all arranged in a ring array on the limiting cylinder 5. The second groove 502 and the third groove 503 correspond to the cooling channel 2012 and the second opening groove 2013, respectively. The mica insulating ring 3 and the pressure ring 4 are both provided with grooves corresponding to the second opening groove 2013, which helps with ventilation and heat dissipation.

[0040] Combination Figures 1-7 The specific usage process of a DC motor commutator structure in this embodiment is as follows: The cooling channel 2012 and the second slot 502 constitute the axial heat dissipation path of the commutator segment 2. When the motor is running, the internal fan or external cooling airflow can be forced through the heat dissipation path to directly remove the heat from the core part of the commutator segment 2, significantly reducing the operating temperature of the commutator. At the same time, the heat dissipation area of ​​the commutator segment 2 is increased by the action of the first opening slot 2011 and the second opening slot 2013. The spiral groove 8 can effectively break the air film between the brush and the surface of the commutator segment 2, ensuring the connection... The contact is stable, thus significantly reducing sparks. Since the limiting cylinder 5 and the commutator segment 201 are in contact, it is used for pressing and limiting the commutator assembly 2. The first groove 501 opened on the limiting cylinder 5 increases its heat dissipation area. The first groove 501, the second groove 502 and the third groove 503 are all arranged in a ring array on the limiting cylinder 5. The second groove 502 and the third groove 503 correspond to the cooling channel 2012 and the second opening groove 2013, respectively. The mica insulating ring 3 and the pressure ring 4 are both provided with grooves corresponding to the second opening groove 2013, which helps with ventilation and heat dissipation.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be combined with each other in any way. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A DC motor commutator structure, comprising a rotating shaft (1), characterized in that: A commutator assembly (2) is provided through the outer ring of the shaft (1). The outer ring of the commutator assembly (2) is provided with a spiral groove (8). The commutator assembly (2) includes a commutator segment (201). The commutator segment (201) and the mica insulating sheet (202) are arranged alternately to form a cylindrical commutator assembly (2). The commutator segment (201) and the mica insulating sheet (202) are provided with inclined surfaces (9) near the center. The commutator (201) includes a first opening slot (2011) opened on the right side of the commutator (201), a cooling channel (2012) is opened through the commutator (201), and a second opening slot (2013) is opened on one side of the commutator (201) near the center.

2. The DC motor commutator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the rotating shaft (1) is provided with two mica insulating rings (3) and two pressure rings (4). The pressure rings (4) are located outside the mica insulating rings (3). Both the mica insulating rings (3) and the pressure rings (4) are located inside the commutator assembly (2).

3. The DC motor commutator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the rotating shaft (1) is fixedly provided with a limiting cylinder (5), which is located on the left side of the commutator assembly (2).

4. The DC motor commutator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the shaft (1) has a threaded groove (6) near the right side. The shaft (1) is threadedly connected to a fastening nut (7) through the threaded groove (6). The fastening nut (7) is located on the right side of the commutator assembly (2).

5. The DC motor commutator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring sides of the commutator segment (201) and the mica insulating sheet (202) are provided with grooves. All the commutator segments (201) and the mica insulating sheet (202) are arranged alternately to form a cylinder. The grooves on the outer ring sides of the commutator segments (201) and the mica insulating sheet (202) in the cylinder are connected end to end to form a spiral groove (8).

6. The DC motor commutator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mica insulating ring (3) includes a first slot (301). The mica insulating ring (3) has a first slot (301) on the side away from the pressure ring (4). The mica insulating ring (3) has a first through hole (302) at the center. The mica insulating ring (3) has a second slot (303) on the side close to the pressure ring (4).

7. A DC motor commutator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure ring (4) includes a third slot (401). The pressure ring (4) has a third slot (401) on the side close to the mica insulating ring (3), and a second through hole (402) on the side away from the mica insulating ring (3).

8. A DC motor commutator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting cylinder (5) includes a first groove (501), the first groove (501) is provided on the outer ring side of the limiting cylinder (5), and a second groove (502) is provided on the limiting cylinder (5), the second groove (502) is provided inside the first groove (501).

9. A DC motor commutator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting cylinder (5) also includes a third through hole (504), and a third through hole (504) is provided at the center of the limiting cylinder (5), and a third groove (503) is provided on the side wall of the third through hole (504).

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