Linear motor, suspension and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a linear motor, a suspension and a vehicle, the linear motor comprising a stator assembly, a mover assembly, a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism, the stator assembly comprising a stator core shaft, the mover assembly comprising a barrel capable of accommodating the stator assembly, the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism being arranged between the stator core shaft and the barrel along the circumference of the stator core shaft, the mover assembly and the stator assembly being relatively moved along the axial direction of the linear motor under the guidance of the guide mechanism. The linear motor, the suspension and the vehicle can stabilize the function and reliability of the linear motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates generally to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically to a linear motor, suspension and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The stator and mover assemblies of a linear motor require guidance mechanisms. In related technologies, a guide rod is installed on the linear motor housing, extending axially along the stator spindle. A guide channel extending axially along the stator spindle is formed on the stator spindle, and the guide rod is slidably accommodated within the guide channel along the axial direction of the stator assembly. However, during linear motor operation, it will be subjected to lateral forces perpendicular to the motor's running direction generated internally or externally. This force acts on the side of the guide rod, causing it to bend and deform. This weakens the guiding effect of the guide rod, leading to uneven wear of the internal structure and ultimately functional failure. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a linear motor, suspension, and vehicle to at least partially solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a linear motor is provided, comprising a stator assembly including a stator spindle; a mover assembly including a cylinder capable of accommodating the stator assembly; a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism, both arranged circumferentially between the stator spindle and the cylinder, wherein the mover assembly and the stator assembly move relative to each other along the axial direction of the linear motor under the guidance of the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism.

[0005] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: the first and second guide mechanisms are arranged circumferentially between the stator spindle and the cylinder, the lateral force of the linear motor acts on the stator spindle as a whole, and the stator spindle has stronger bending resistance than the guide rod in related technologies, is not easy to bend and deform, and improves the functional stability and reliability of the linear motor.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, one end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole, the first end of the stator spindle extends out of the outer shell through the through hole, and the first guiding mechanism includes a sliding bearing fixed at the through hole, wherein the stator spindle and the cylinder are guided and engaged by the sliding bearing.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the second guide structure includes a collar sleeved on the second end of the stator mandrel, the collar being slidably engaged with the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar includes a layer of self-lubricating material disposed on its outer side.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar is threadedly fastened to the stator mandrel.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar is circular, and several process holes or process grooves are machined on the side of the collar.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the cylinder includes an outer shell, a magnetic element attached to the inner side of the outer shell, and a sleeve fixed to the inner side of the magnetic element, wherein the collar is slidably engaged with the sleeve.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar and the sleeve are in clearance fit.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar includes a self-lubricating material layer disposed on its outer side, the sleeve is a steel cylinder, and the self-lubricating material layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene layer.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the collar includes a self-lubricating material layer disposed on its outer side, the inner wall of the sleeve includes a ceramic coating, and the self-lubricating material layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene layer.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, the length of the sleeve is less than the length of the outer shell.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, one end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole, the first end of the stator spindle extends out of the outer shell through the through hole, and the sleeve is arranged at the end of the cylinder away from the through hole.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect above, in one possible implementation, a coil is sleeved on the stator mandrel, and the outer diameter of the collar is larger than the outer diameter of the coil.

[0018] Secondly, a suspension system is proposed, comprising a linear motor as described in the first aspect above.

[0019] Thirdly, a vehicle is proposed, comprising a linear motor as described in the first aspect above or a suspension as described in the second aspect above.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a linear motor according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 For the purposes of this application Figure 1 Enlarged view of the middle U section;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the collar structure according to one embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stator assembly according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving part component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 1: Collar; 2: Self-lubricating layer; 3: Sleeve; 4: Magnetic component; 5: Housing; 6: Fork arm; 7: Stator spindle; 8: Sliding bearing; 9: Coil; 10: Process hole or process groove. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0030] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] This application provides a linear motor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the linear motor includes: a stator assembly, including a stator spindle 7; a mover assembly, including a cylinder capable of accommodating the stator assembly; a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism, both arranged circumferentially between the stator spindle 7 and the cylinder, and the mover assembly and the stator assembly move relative to each other along the axial direction of the linear motor under the guidance of the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism.

[0034] This structure abandons the traditional arrangement of rigid guide rods or single-point sliding bearings, instead employing a circumferentially distributed dual guide mechanism. This ensures that lateral forces are evenly transmitted in the circumferential direction, avoiding bending deformation caused by localized stress concentration. The first guide mechanism is located at one end of the contact surface between the stator and mover assemblies, while the second guide mechanism is located at the other end, forming a stable guide system supported at both ends, significantly improving motion stiffness and coaxiality. Since the guide structure does not rely on increasing material thickness or diameter, but rather achieves improved bending resistance through structural layout optimization, it achieves higher lateral force resistance without increasing the overall machine size, while simultaneously reducing the overall weight by approximately 15% to 20%, lowering material costs and processing difficulty. By transferring the guiding function from an internal axial extension structure to an external circumferential sliding structure, this solution completely avoids the problem of uneven wear failure caused by bending in traditional guide rods, ensuring long-term stable operation of the stator and mover in high-frequency reciprocating motion.

[0035] In the above embodiments, by circumferentially arranging the first and second guide mechanisms, full-stroke, backlash-free, and low-friction axial guidance can be achieved, avoiding motion eccentricity caused by single-point support. In some embodiments, one end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole, and the first end of the stator spindle ( Figure 1 The upper middle section extends out of the cylinder through the through hole. The first guiding mechanism includes a sliding bearing 8 fixed at the through hole. The stator spindle 7 and the cylinder are guided and engaged by the sliding bearing 8. The sliding bearing 8 has an internal shaft-type guiding structure positioned by the stator spindle 7. This structure ensures isolation between the inside and outside of the linear motor, effectively preventing external contaminants from entering the motor's interior and friction interface, thus ensuring the long-term performance and service life of the product.

[0036] The sliding bearing 8 is embedded in the inner wall of the cylinder through hole, forming an interference fit sliding pair with the outer surface of the stator spindle 7. It bears the axial thrust and radial disturbance during the start and stop of the mover assembly, effectively buffering the impact load and extending the life of the mover assembly. This solution achieves precise positioning and anti-sway function of the extended end of the stator spindle 7 by setting an independent sliding bearing 8 at the end, avoiding vibration amplification caused by the cantilever structure.

[0037] In some embodiments, the second guide structure includes a sleeved on the second end of the stator mandrel 7 ( Figure 1The lower end of the collar 1 slides against the inner wall of the cylinder. This collar 1 is a ring structure; its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the stator spindle 7, and its outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the stator coil 9, ensuring an independent guiding channel is formed around the electromagnetic components, avoiding spatial interference with the coil. For example, the collar 1 can be made of a lightweight alloy matrix, such as aluminum alloy or titanium alloy, with a self-lubricating material layer 2 on its surface, achieving the dual goals of lightweight structure and low friction. This structure completely externalizes the guiding function, without occupying the internal space of the stator spindle, reserving sufficient space for the coil winding and increasing the motor power density by more than 10%. This scheme, by moving the guiding structure outward and expanding its outer diameter, achieves a decoupling design between the electromagnetic and mechanical structures, providing a structural foundation for the development of high-power-density linear motors.

[0038] In some embodiments, the collar 1 includes a self-lubricating material layer 2 disposed on its outer side. For example, the self-lubricating material layer 2 can be a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, which is firmly attached to the outer surface of the collar by hot-press spraying or molding. PTFE has an extremely low coefficient of friction (0.05 to 0.10), excellent chemical corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, and can still operate for a long time under oil-free conditions, with a wear rate of less than 0.01 mm / 1000 km, which is significantly better than traditional metal-to-metal sliding pairs. This layer forms a dry friction sliding interface with the inner wall of the steel sleeve, avoiding the problems of lubricating grease leakage, contamination and aging, and is suitable for harsh environments such as clean rooms, vacuum, and high temperatures. This solution achieves uniform lubrication of the guide surface through continuous coverage of the self-lubricating layer, avoiding local temperature rise and stick-slip phenomenon, and ensuring motion accuracy of ±0.01 mm.

[0039] In some embodiments, the collar 1 is threadedly fastened to the stator spindle 7. The inner wall of the collar has an internal thread that precisely engages with the external threaded section at the second end of the stator spindle 7, ensuring no relative rotation between the collar and the stator spindle. This connection method eliminates the need for additional snap rings or welding, simplifying assembly, reducing disassembly and maintenance costs, and maintaining reliable fastening even under high-frequency vibration environments. This solution achieves rigid linkage between the guide component and the stator spindle through a threaded connection, allowing the guiding force to be directly transmitted to the stator body, thus preventing guide failure due to loosening.

[0040] In some embodiments, the collar 1 is circular, and several process holes or process grooves 10 are machined on the side of the collar. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the process holes or grooves 10 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the collar, and the number can be 2, 3, 4, or more. The process holes or grooves 10 are used to apply rotational torque to the collar 1 with a corresponding torque wrench to tighten the collar 1 onto the stator mandrel, ensuring that the required clamping force is achieved, and at the same time realizing the assembly and fixation of the coil assembly 9; in addition, these process holes or grooves reduce the weight of the collar without affecting the overall strength.

[0041] In some embodiments, the cylindrical body includes an outer shell 5, a magnetic component 4 attached to the inner side of the outer shell, and a sleeve 3 fixed to the inner side of the magnetic component 4, with the collar 1 slidingly engaged with the sleeve 3. For example, the outer shell 5 can be a high-strength aluminum alloy die-casting, the magnetic component 4 can be a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell 5, and the sleeve 3 is a steel cylinder serving as a sliding guide surface for the collar 1. This structure separates the magnetic circuit from the guiding structure, avoiding interference from the magnetic material on the sliding pair, while the sleeve 3 serves as a rigid support base, providing a high-precision guiding reference. This solution achieves modular integration of the electromagnetic system and the mechanical guiding system, improving assembly efficiency and consistency.

[0042] In some embodiments, the collar 1 and the sleeve 3 are clearance-fitted. The clearance value can be 0.03mm~0.08mm, which ensures the collar can slide freely under thermal expansion while avoiding movement wobbling due to excessive clearance. The surface roughness Ra of the mating surface is ≤0.4μm to ensure smooth sliding without jamming. This design reduces assembly requirements and improves mass production feasibility while ensuring guiding accuracy.

[0043] In some embodiments, sleeve 3 is a steel cylinder, and self-lubricating material layer 1 is a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) layer. In this combination, the steel cylinder provides high rigidity and wear-resistant substrate, while the PTFE layer provides a low-friction interface. The two work synergistically to achieve a "hard substrate + soft lubrication" composite structure, with a stable coefficient of friction between 0.06 and 0.08, a wear rate of less than 0.005 mm / 1000 cycles, and a service life more than three times that of traditional structures. This solution is suitable for high-load, high-frequency operating scenarios, such as vehicle active suspension systems.

[0044] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the sleeve 3 includes a ceramic coating, and the self-lubricating material layer is a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) layer. The PTFE layer and the ceramic coating form a complementary "soft-hard" interface, maintaining low friction and long service life even in dusty or particulate-contaminated environments. This solution is particularly suitable for harsh industrial environments or outdoor vehicle applications. For example, the ceramic coating is a plasma-sprayed alumina (Al2O3) or tungsten carbide (WC) coating with a thickness of 50-100 μm and a hardness of HV1200 or higher, significantly improving the sleeve's wear resistance and scratch resistance.

[0045] In some embodiments, the length of the sleeve 3 is less than the length of the housing 5. The sleeve 3 covers only the area within the stroke range of the mover assembly, which can further reduce the weight of the linear motor.

[0046] In some embodiments, a through hole is provided at one end of the cylinder, and the first end of the stator spindle extends out of the outer shell through the through hole. The sleeve is arranged at the end of the cylinder away from the through hole. This arrangement places the first guide mechanism (sliding bearing) at the extended end and the second guide mechanism (ring-sleeve) at the closed end, forming a classic guide mode of "one end floating and one end rigidly supported", which effectively suppresses the axial sway and rotation of the mover assembly and ensures that the straightness of the motion trajectory is better than 0.05mm / m.

[0047] In some embodiments, a coil 9 is sleeved on the stator spindle 7, and the outer diameter of the collar 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the coil 9. The outer diameter of the collar is 5mm to 15mm larger than the outer diameter of the coil to avoid uneven wear of the internal structure and the resulting increase in motor power consumption and functional failure.

[0048] This application also provides a suspension system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the suspension includes the linear motor described above. This suspension is used in a vehicle's active suspension system, where the linear motor directly drives the shock absorber piston rod, achieving millisecond-level damping adjustment. Due to the high reliability, low maintenance requirements, and wide temperature range adaptability of the guiding structure described in this application, it is particularly suitable for the long-term operation of new energy vehicles in extremely cold or high-temperature regions, significantly improving ride comfort and handling stability.

[0049] This application also provides a vehicle, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the vehicle includes the linear motor or the suspension described above. The vehicle suspension system uses the linear motor of this application as the active actuator to achieve real-time control of the vehicle's attitude. Due to the lightweight, low-friction, and long-life guiding mechanism, the overall vehicle energy consumption is reduced, the driving range is increased, and the frequency of suspension system maintenance is reduced, thus lowering the total life cycle cost.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A linear motor, characterized in that, include: Stator assembly, including stator spindle; The mover assembly includes a cylindrical body capable of housing the stator assembly; The first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism are both arranged circumferentially between the stator spindle and the cylinder. The mover assembly and the stator assembly move relative to each other along the axial direction of the linear motor under the guidance of the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism.

2. The linear motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole, and the first end of the stator spindle extends out of the cylinder through the through hole. The first guide mechanism includes a sliding bearing fixed at the through hole, and the stator spindle and the cylinder are guided and engaged by the sliding bearing.

3. The linear motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second guide structure includes a collar sleeved on the second end of the stator spindle, the collar being slidably engaged with the inner wall of the cylinder.

4. The linear motor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collar includes a layer of self-lubricating material disposed on its outer side.

5. The linear motor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collar is threadedly fastened to the stator spindle; and / or, the collar is circular, and several process holes or process grooves are machined on the side of the collar; and / or, a coil is sleeved on the stator spindle, and the outer diameter of the collar is larger than the outer diameter of the coil.

6. The linear motor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylinder includes an outer shell, a magnetic component attached to the inner side of the outer shell, and a sleeve fixed to the inner side of the magnetic component, wherein the collar is slidably engaged with the sleeve.

7. The linear motor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The collar and the sleeve are in clearance fit; and / or, the collar includes a self-lubricating material layer disposed on its outer side, the sleeve is a steel cylinder, and the self-lubricating material layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene layer; and / or, the inner wall of the sleeve includes a ceramic coating; and / or, the length of the sleeve is less than the length of the outer shell.

8. The linear motor according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole, the first end of the stator spindle extends out of the outer shell through the through hole, and the sleeve is arranged at the end of the cylinder away from the through hole.

9. A suspension system, characterized in that, Including the linear motor as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a linear motor as described in any one of claims 1-8 or a suspension as described in claim 9.

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