A generator set controller voltage regulating circuit

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of generator set controller voltage regulating circuit, comprising: photoelectric coupler, its input end receives first PWM square wave signal, and second PWM square wave signal is output after photoelectric conversion;Operational amplifier comparator, connected to photoelectric coupler, for comparing amplification to the second PWM square wave signal voltage received;Limit value voltage stabilizing circuit, connected to operational amplifier comparator, for the second PWM square wave signal after amplitude amplification is limited voltage stabilization, output voltage signal;Low pass filter, connected to limit value voltage stabilizing circuit, for filtering voltage signal;Operational amplifier voltage follower, connected to low pass filter, for following output to the voltage signal of stable amplitude;Wherein, the power supply voltage of operational amplifier comparator is less than or equal to 36V, the amplitude of limit value voltage stabilizing circuit output voltage is less than or equal to 36V, and the duty ratio of first PWM square wave signal is adjusted according to 0-100%, to realize that output voltage is linearly adjustable in 0-36V.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to generator controller design technology, specifically, to a voltage regulation circuit for a generator set controller. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of power electronics technology, products such as industrial electronics and the Internet of Things that require the control of peripheral devices have increasingly higher requirements for power conversion. Most generator controllers use adjustable voltage circuits of 0V-5V. When the external control terminal requires a wide range of voltages, such adjustable voltage circuits will not be able to meet the requirements.

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN223182131U discloses an analog voltage output circuit and a generator controller. The circuit includes a power supply module, a positive voltage conversion module, and a negative voltage conversion module. The power supply module supplies power to the positive and negative voltage conversion modules. The positive voltage conversion module includes a voltage isolation module and a non-inverting amplifier. The input terminal of the voltage isolation module is connected to an analog input voltage signal, and the voltage isolation module is used to isolate the input voltage and the output voltage. The non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the voltage isolation module, and the power supply terminal of the non-inverting amplifier is connected to the power supply module. The non-inverting amplifier is used to amplify the input voltage by a preset factor and output a positive voltage. The negative voltage conversion module includes an inverting amplifier. The inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the non-inverting amplifier, and the power supply terminal of the inverting amplifier is connected to the power supply module. The inverting amplifier is used to invert the input voltage by a preset factor and output a negative voltage.

[0004] However, although the aforementioned analog voltage output circuit achieves an adjustable voltage output of 0V-9.9V in the generator set controller, it still has many limitations. For example, the output voltage range of the voltage regulation circuit is relatively fixed, which cannot meet a wide range of power demand; although it can achieve voltage regulation, its linearity is poor, resulting in low output voltage accuracy. When used in precision instruments or other equipment with high voltage stability requirements, it may cause unstable operation or even damage to the equipment; the energy conversion efficiency of the voltage regulation circuit is low, resulting in energy waste and increased operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a generator set controller voltage regulation circuit with linearly adjustable output voltage from 0V to 36V.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is to provide a voltage regulating circuit for a generator set controller, comprising: An optocoupler receives a first PWM square wave signal at its input terminal and outputs a second PWM square wave signal with the same frequency as the first PWM square wave signal after photoelectric conversion. An operational amplifier comparator, connected to the optocoupler, is used to compare and amplify the voltages of the second PWM square wave signal received at its positive and negative input terminals, and output the amplified second PWM square wave signal. A limit voltage regulator circuit, connected to the operational amplifier comparator, is used to limit and regulate the voltage of the amplified second PWM square wave signal and output a voltage signal. A low-pass filter, connected to the limiting voltage regulator circuit, is used to filter the voltage signal to obtain a voltage signal with a stable amplitude; An operational amplifier voltage follower, connected to the low-pass filter, is used to follow and output the voltage signal with the stable amplitude. The operational amplifier comparator is supplied with a voltage of less than or equal to 36V, the output voltage of the limit regulator circuit is less than or equal to 36V, and the duty cycle of the first PWM square wave signal is adjusted from 0 to 100% to achieve linear adjustment of the output voltage within the range of 0 to 36V.

[0007] Components such as optocouplers, operational amplifier comparators, limit-regulating circuits, low-pass filters, and operational amplifier voltage followers work together to form a highly efficient and stable voltage regulation circuit. Each component plays an indispensable role, collectively ensuring the accuracy and stability of voltage regulation. This invention employs PWM-based voltage regulation technology, enabling wide-range, high-precision, and high-efficiency voltage regulation to meet the needs of various scenarios.

[0008] PWM voltage regulation technology is based on the fundamental principle of pulse width modulation. By adjusting the pulse width, it changes the average value of the output voltage, thereby achieving precise voltage control. Throughout the regulation process, the duty cycle of the pulse signal and the output voltage exhibit a linear relationship. This linear relationship allows the output voltage to change precisely according to a set pattern, ensuring an output linear voltage accuracy of over 3%.

[0009] The optocoupler converts the PWM square wave signal from an electrical signal to an optical signal and then back to an electrical signal. This process not only achieves electrical isolation between the input and output, avoiding the influence of subsequent circuits on the preceding circuits and reducing noise interference, but also provides a stable and precise frequency signal source for subsequent circuits. This ensures that subsequent circuits can operate on a stable signal basis, avoids the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the PWM signal, and guarantees pure signal transmission.

[0010] The operational amplifier voltage follower is connected to a low-pass filter. When an input voltage signal enters the op-amp voltage follower, its output voltage accurately follows changes in the input voltage, meaning the output voltage is approximately equal to the input voltage. In this process, the op-amp voltage follower first buffers the voltage signal, enhancing its driving capability and enabling it to better drive the load. Simultaneously, due to its high input impedance and low output impedance, it achieves impedance matching with the load, reducing signal loss and distortion during transmission. Furthermore, it effectively isolates the signals from the preceding and following circuits, preventing mutual interference and ensuring stable and accurate signal transmission from the front-end circuit to the load, thus guaranteeing the normal operation of the entire generator set controller's voltage regulation circuit.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the limiting voltage regulator circuit includes a Zener diode, or a three-terminal adjustable parallel voltage regulator, or a Zener diode and a three-terminal adjustable parallel voltage regulator connected in parallel.

[0012] Zener diodes or three-terminal adjustable parallel regulators are key to achieving adjustable output voltage signals. A Zener diode is a special type of diode that maintains a relatively stable voltage across its terminals in reverse breakdown mode. When the input voltage exceeds its reverse breakdown voltage, the Zener diode conducts, using its own current change to maintain a relatively constant voltage across its terminals. A three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator is a high-precision voltage regulation device that internally includes an error amplifier, transistors, and other components. By detecting changes in the output voltage, the error amplifier adjusts the conduction level of the transistor, thereby maintaining a constant output voltage.

[0013] By connecting a Zener diode and a three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator in parallel, their respective advantages can be leveraged. The Zener diode can quickly respond to instantaneous voltage changes, playing a preliminary role in voltage stabilization; while the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator, with its high-precision voltage control capability, can finely adjust the output voltage, ensuring that the output voltage is stable and adjustable within the amplitude range, greatly improving the accuracy and stability of voltage regulation.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the low-pass filter includes an RC low-pass filter.

[0015] The low-pass filter effectively filters out high-frequency interference in the voltage signal, allowing the effective low-frequency signal to pass through smoothly.

[0016] This utility model has substantial features and advancements compared to the prior art, specifically: (1) The voltage regulation circuit of the generator set controller provided in this utility model can achieve flexible voltage regulation within the range of 36V. The voltage regulation circuit has strong adaptability and does not require a complex and expensive circuit structure, thus effectively controlling the cost.

[0017] (2) The high-precision linear voltage output using PWM voltage regulation technology provides a high-precision stable voltage for the generator set controller, ensuring that the performance of the equipment is not affected by voltage fluctuations, thus improving the reliability and stability of the equipment. Moreover, it has a high energy conversion efficiency, reducing operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a voltage regulation circuit for a generator set controller provided by this utility model; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a voltage regulation circuit for a generator set controller provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a voltage regulating circuit for a generator set controller, comprising: Optocoupler U2 receives a first PWM square wave signal at its input terminal and outputs a second PWM square wave signal with the same frequency as the first PWM square wave signal after photoelectric conversion. The operational amplifier comparator U1A is connected to the optocoupler U2 and is used to compare and amplify the voltage of the second PWM square wave signal received at its positive input terminal and negative input terminal, and output the second PWM square wave signal with amplified amplitude. A limit voltage regulator circuit, connected to the operational amplifier comparator U1A, is used to limit and regulate the voltage of the amplified second PWM square wave signal and output a voltage signal. A low-pass filter, connected to the limiting voltage regulator circuit, is used to filter the voltage signal to obtain a voltage signal with a stable amplitude; The operational amplifier voltage follower U1B is connected to the low-pass filter and is used to follow and output the voltage signal with the stable amplitude. The operational amplifier comparator is supplied with a voltage of less than or equal to 36V, the output voltage of the limit regulator circuit is less than or equal to 36V, and the duty cycle of the first PWM square wave signal is adjusted from 0 to 100% to achieve linear adjustment of the output voltage within the range of 0 to 36V.

[0021] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a specific implementation method for the voltage regulation circuit of a generator set controller.

[0022] Specifically, pin 1 of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R3, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to an external MCU; pin 2 of optocoupler U2 is grounded; pin 4 of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R1, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to an isolation power supply; pin 3 of optocoupler U2 is connected to the positive input and negative input of operational amplifier comparator U1A, respectively.

[0023] Specifically, pin 3 of optocoupler U2 is connected to resistors R7 and R8 in sequence, and then to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier comparator U1A. The connection point of resistors R7 and R8 is grounded. The power supply terminal of operational amplifier comparator U1A is connected to a 36V power supply, and resistor R9 is also connected between the negative input terminal of operational amplifier comparator U1A and the power supply terminal. The output terminal of operational amplifier comparator U1A is connected to a limit regulator circuit.

[0024] Specifically, the output of the operational amplifier comparator U1A is connected in sequence to resistor R6, a 36V Zener diode D2, and a three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3. The 36V Zener diode D2 and the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3 are connected in parallel, with their cathodes connected to ground. The cathode and anode of the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3 are connected in parallel with resistors R10 and R11 connected in series, and its reference terminal is connected to the series connection point of resistors R10 and R11. The anode of the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3 is connected to a low-pass filter.

[0025] Specifically, the low-pass filter includes resistors R2 and R5 connected in parallel. The anode of the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3 is connected to one end of resistors R2 and R5. The other end of resistors R2 and R5 is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and then to the positive input terminal of the op-amp voltage follower U1B. The other end of capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0026] Specifically, the op-amp voltage follower U1B is connected to resistor R4 and then to load D1.

[0027] Specifically, the optocoupler U2 is model EL817S1; the isolation power supply is model F05 with a supply voltage of 36V; the three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator D3 is model TL431; the low-pass filter is an RC low-pass filter; and the operational amplifier voltage follower U1B is model LM2904.

[0028] The circuit works as follows: A fixed-frequency PWM square wave signal from an external MCU is input through pin 1 of optocoupler U2. Its internal light-emitting element (such as a light-emitting diode) emits light according to the signal change. The light shines on a photosensitive element (such as a phototransistor), generating a corresponding electrical signal. This causes pin 3 of optocoupler U2 to output a second PWM square wave signal with the same frequency as the input signal, achieving electro-optical signal isolation and conversion. The second PWM square wave signal is amplified by operational amplifier comparator U1A, resulting in an amplified second PWM square wave signal output. After being processed by a voltage regulator circuit, this second PWM square wave signal can achieve linear voltage regulation within the 0V-36V amplitude range and stabilize the output voltage signal. This voltage signal is filtered by a low-pass filter to remove noise, and then passed through operational amplifier voltage follower U1B for voltage following, ensuring the output voltage accurately follows the input changes and is ultimately transmitted stably and accurately to the load D1.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of this utility model or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of this utility model, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solution claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A voltage regulating circuit for a generator set controller, characterized in that, include: An optocoupler receives a first PWM square wave signal at its input terminal and outputs a second PWM square wave signal with the same frequency as the first PWM square wave signal after photoelectric conversion. An operational amplifier comparator, connected to the optocoupler, is used to compare and amplify the voltages of the second PWM square wave signal received at its positive and negative input terminals, and output the amplified second PWM square wave signal. A limit voltage regulator circuit, connected to the operational amplifier comparator, is used to limit and regulate the voltage of the amplified second PWM square wave signal and output a voltage signal. A low-pass filter, connected to the limiting voltage regulator circuit, is used to filter the voltage signal to obtain a voltage signal with a stable amplitude; An operational amplifier voltage follower, connected to the low-pass filter, is used to follow and output the voltage signal with the stable amplitude. The operational amplifier comparator is supplied with a voltage of less than or equal to 36V, the output voltage of the limit regulator circuit is less than or equal to 36V, and the duty cycle of the first PWM square wave signal is adjusted from 0 to 100% to achieve linear adjustment of the output voltage within the range of 0 to 36V.

2. The voltage regulating circuit for the generator set controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulation circuit includes a Zener diode, or a three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator, or a Zener diode and a three-terminal adjustable parallel regulator connected in parallel.

3. The generator set controller voltage regulation circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The low-pass filter includes an RC low-pass filter.

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