Photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic cell comprises: a cell substrate having two opposite surface sides, at least one of the surface sides comprising edge regions opposite along a first direction and a central region between the two edge regions; a plurality of grid lines arranged at intervals along the first direction and located on at least one of the surface sides, the grid lines extending along a second direction; an edge line located on the edge region; and a central line located on the central region; wherein the edge line is in contact with at least one of the grid lines, and the central line is in contact with at least one of the grid lines; along the second direction, the width of the edge line is greater than the width of the central line, and the first direction and the second direction intersect with each other; and a reinforcing part located on a side of the edge line away from the cell substrate, at least for reducing the risk of light blocking while improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, photovoltaic (PV) cells are becoming increasingly widely used as a new energy alternative. A PV cell is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. PV cells utilize the photovoltaic principle to generate charge carriers, which are then extracted using electrodes, thus facilitating the efficient use of electrical energy. Current PV cells mainly include BC cells (BackContact), TOPcon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) cells, PERC cells (Passivated emitter and real cell), and heterojunction cells, among others.

[0003] However, the area in a photovoltaic cell where grid lines are set and components used to collect current in conjunction with the grid lines can be considered a shading area. The portion of the photovoltaic cell substrate located in this area receives less total light, which is not conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. Utility Model Content

[0004] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module, which at least helps to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell while reducing the risk of shading.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, one aspect of this disclosure provides a photovoltaic cell, comprising: a cell substrate having two opposing surface sides, at least one of the surface sides including opposing edge regions along a first direction and a central region located between the two edge regions; a plurality of grid lines spaced apart along the first direction, located on at least one of the surface sides, the grid lines extending along a second direction; an edge line located on the edge regions; a center line located on the central region; wherein the edge line is in contact with at least one of the grid lines, and the center line is in contact with at least one of the grid lines; along the second direction, the width of the edge line is greater than the width of the center line, and the first direction and the second direction intersect each other; and a reinforcing portion located on the side of the edge line away from the cell substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the reinforcing portion includes a first portion extending along the second direction and a second portion extending along the first direction, wherein the two opposite ends of the first portion along the second direction are respectively contacted and connected to the second portion.

[0007] In some embodiments, the number of reinforcing portions that are in contact with a single edge line is multiple, and the multiple reinforcing portions located on the same edge line are arranged at intervals; wherein, the multiple reinforcing portions located on the same edge line have the same orthogonal projection area on the battery substrate, or, along the direction from the center region to the edge region, the orthogonal projection area of ​​the multiple reinforcing portions on the surface side gradually decreases.

[0008] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes: an edge pad located on the side of the edge region closer to the center region, the edge pad contacting and connecting the center line along the side of the first direction closer to the center region, and the edge pad contacting and connecting the edge line along the side of the first direction away from the center region; wherein the orthographic projection area of ​​the edge pad on the surface side is greater than the orthographic projection area of ​​the reinforcing part on the surface side.

[0009] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes: a plurality of auxiliary pads arranged at intervals along a first direction Y, the auxiliary pads being located between two opposite edge pads along the first direction, and the orthogonal projection area of ​​the auxiliary pads on the surface side being smaller than the orthogonal projection area of ​​the edge pads on the surface side.

[0010] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection area of ​​the reinforcement portion on the surface side is less than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the auxiliary pad on the surface side.

[0011] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes: a plurality of solder joints spaced apart along the first direction, the solder joints being located between two adjacent auxiliary pads along the first direction, and each solder joint being in contact with a single grid line.

[0012] In some embodiments, the solder joint includes a solder line extending along the second direction and an extension line extending along the first direction, wherein the solder line is contacted at its opposite ends along the second direction by an extension line.

[0013] In some embodiments, the auxiliary pad includes a first auxiliary pad and a second auxiliary pad. The first auxiliary pad is located between the edge pad and the solder joint closest to the edge pad. The second auxiliary pad has solder joints arranged on both sides along the first direction. The orthographic projection area of ​​the first auxiliary pad on the surface side is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second auxiliary pad on the surface side.

[0014] In some embodiments, an edge line is provided on the edge region of one of the two surface sides, and a harpoon portion is provided on the edge region of the other surface side; wherein the harpoon portion includes two converging lines whose extension directions intersect, the first direction, the second direction and the extension direction of the converging lines are located on the same plane and intersect each other; or, the edge line is provided on the edge regions of both surface sides.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, another aspect of this disclosure also provides a photovoltaic module, including: a battery string, formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells as described in any one of the above; an encapsulating film for covering the surface of the battery string; and a cover plate for covering the surface of the encapsulating film facing away from the battery string.

[0016] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell is rectangular in shape, with the ratio of the shorter side to the longer side of the rectangular shape being 1 / M:1; N columns of the battery strings are connected in parallel, and each battery string includes multiple photovoltaic cells connected in series along the shorter side of the rectangular shape, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is less than N, and the shorter side of the rectangular shape is the first direction; a first connection structure realizes the series connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a single battery string; a second connection structure realizes the electrical connection between two adjacent battery strings.

[0017] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell is a sliced ​​cell, which is formed by cutting a complete original cell along its length. The sliced ​​cell is 1 / S of the original cell, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The photovoltaic cell is rectangular in shape, with the length direction of the original cell being the short side of the rectangle and the width direction being the long side of the rectangle. The long side of the rectangle is the second direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, there is an overlap area between two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a single battery string; the photovoltaic module further includes a buffer pad located at least on the overlap area, and the width of the buffer pad is greater than the width of the overlap area along the short side of the rectangular shape.

[0019] In some embodiments, four parallel battery strings constitute a battery string group, and three battery string groups are connected in series along the long side of the rectangular shape. The four battery strings in the battery string group are arranged in an array and connected in parallel with each other along the long side and the short side of the rectangular shape, respectively.

[0020] In some embodiments, a plurality of first bus electrodes and a plurality of second bus electrodes are disposed on the surface side at intervals along the long side of the rectangular prism, the first bus electrodes and the second bus electrodes being parallel to the short side of the rectangular prism; wherein, the first connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrode of one of two adjacent photovoltaic cells and the second bus electrode of the other; the second connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrode of one of two adjacent cell strings and the second bus electrode of the other, or, the second connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrodes of two adjacent cell strings, or, the second connection structure electrically connects the second bus electrodes of two adjacent cell strings.

[0021] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has at least the following advantages: Based on the design of edge lines and center lines for collecting current from grid lines located in different areas of the battery substrate, the width of the edge lines is further designed to be greater than that of the center lines. On the one hand, this improves the connection strength between the edge lines and the battery substrate, preventing edge line breakage due to excessive force on the edge area, and also reduces the transmission resistance of the edge lines themselves. On the other hand, when using the first connection structure to achieve electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells, it can improve the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure and the edge lines, and prevent problems such as poor soldering, desoldering, or breakage caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on the edge lines. It also helps to improve the carrier collection efficiency of the edge lines and enhance the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge lines. Furthermore, compared to designing a harpoon structure with two bus lines extending in different directions in the edge area, with the same layout length along the first direction, the extension length of the edge lines is less than the extension length of the bus lines in the harpoon structure. This not only reduces the layout area occupied by the edge lines on the battery substrate, thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the edge lines, but also reduces the area of ​​the shading region caused by the edge lines, thereby increasing the total amount of light received by the battery substrate. Furthermore, designing a reinforcement section on the side of the edge line away from the battery substrate can further reduce the risk of edge line breakage by connecting and fixing the edge line with the reinforcement, ensuring effective collection of charge carriers in the edge region, and thus further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. Moreover, the charge carriers collected at the edge line can be directly and vertically transported to the first connecting structure via the reinforcement section, which helps to shorten the carrier transport path. In this way, the synergistic effect of multiple aspects helps to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell while reducing the risk of shading. Attached Figure Description

[0022] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a first partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a second partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a partial top view schematic diagram of a combination of two photovoltaic cells provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a first partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a second partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a third partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This is a fourth partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 This is another partial top view schematic diagram of two photovoltaic cell combinations provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 9 This is yet another partial top view schematic diagram of a combination of two photovoltaic cells provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 This is another partial top view schematic diagram of two photovoltaic cell combinations provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 11 A partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 13 Another partial perspective view of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 14 Another partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 15A partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 16 A top view schematic diagram of a primary battery provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 17 A top view schematic diagram of a combination of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 18 This is a top view schematic diagram of a single photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 19 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 20 Another partial top view schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 21 for Figure 20 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of point A within the dashed circular frame shown; Figure 22 for Figure 20 The diagram shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Photovoltaic cell; 10. Original cell; 100a. Sliced ​​cell; 110a. First sliced ​​cell; 120a. Second sliced ​​cell; 100b. Whole cell; 110. Cell substrate; 1100. Surface side; 1101. First surface side; 1102. Second surface side; 20. Edge region; 30. Center region; 120. Edge pad; 130. Auxiliary pad; 130a. First auxiliary pad; 130b. Second auxiliary pad; 140. Solder joint; 1401. Welding line; 1402. Extension line; 150. Harpoon part; 1501. Busbar; 101. Grid line; 111. First current collector electrode; 121. Second current collector electrode; 102a. First busbar electrode; 102b. Second busbar electrode; 11 2. Edge line; 122. Center line; 132. Reinforcement part; 1321. First part; 1322. Second part; 103. Battery string; 113. Battery string group; 113a. First battery string group; 113b. Second battery string group; 113c. Third battery string group; 123. Lead-out end; 104. First connection structure; 105. Second connection structure; 115. First bus bar; 125. Second bus bar; 1251. Lead-out part; 135. Third bus bar; 145. Fourth bus bar; 106. Chamfered structure; 107. Overlapping area; 117. Buffer pad; 109. Junction box; 119. First bypass diode; 129. Second bypass diode; 139. Third bypass diode; 41. Encapsulating film; 42. Cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0025] As can be seen from the background technology, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells needs to be improved.

[0026] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. In the photovoltaic cell, based on the design of edge lines and center lines for collecting current from grid lines located in different areas of the cell substrate, the width of the edge lines is further designed to be greater than the width of the center lines. On the one hand, this helps to improve the connection strength between the edge lines and the cell substrate, avoiding the problem of edge line breakage due to excessive force in the edge area, and can also reduce the transmission resistance of the edge lines themselves. On the other hand, when the first connection structure is subsequently used to realize the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells, it can improve the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure and the edge lines, and avoid the first connection structure from interfering with the connection. Excessive force on the edge line, which can cause issues like poor soldering, desoldering, or breakage, also helps improve the edge line's carrier collection efficiency and enhances the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge line. Furthermore, compared to a harpoon structure with two busbars extending in different directions in the edge region, with a consistent layout length along the first direction, the edge line's extension length is shorter than the busbar extension length in the harpoon structure. This reduces the layout area occupied by the edge line on the battery substrate, lowering its manufacturing cost, and also reduces the area of ​​the shading region caused by the edge line, increasing the total amount of light received by the battery substrate. In addition, designing a reinforcement section on the side of the edge line away from the battery substrate further reduces the risk of edge line breakage by connecting and fixing the edge line, ensuring effective collection of carriers in the edge region and further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. Moreover, the carriers collected by the edge line can be directly vertically transmitted to the first connection structure via the reinforcement section, shortening the carrier transmission path. Thus, the synergistic effect of these multiple aspects helps to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell while reducing the risk of shading.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary or secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0028] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0034] In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly" on the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Additionally, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0035] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "component" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0036] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this disclosure to facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments. However, the technical solutions claimed in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0037] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic cell according to one embodiment. The photovoltaic cell provided by this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 The photovoltaic cell 100 includes: a cell substrate 110 having two opposing surface sides 1100, at least one surface side 1100 including opposing edge regions 20 along a first direction X and a central region 30 located between the two edge regions 20; a plurality of grid lines 101 spaced apart along the first direction X, located on at least one surface side 1100, the grid lines 101 extending along a second direction Y; an edge line 112 located on the edge region 20; a center line 122 located on the central region 30; wherein the edge line 112 is in contact with at least one grid line 101, and the center line 122 is in contact with at least one grid line 101; along the second direction Y, the width of the edge line 112 is greater than the width of the center line 122, and the first direction and the second direction Y intersect each other; and a reinforcing portion 132 located on the side of the edge line 112 away from the cell substrate 110.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 3When electrically connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, the components that electrically connect the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, such as the first connection structure mentioned later, are located not only in the central region 30, but also on at least one edge region 20 of a single photovoltaic cell 100. Specifically, the first connection structure is electrically connected to the edge line 112 on the edge region 20 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, serving as the starting point for the electrical connection between the first connection structure 104 and the photovoltaic cell 100, i.e., the beginning of the welding process; the first connection structure is electrically connected to the edge line 112 on the edge region 20 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, serving as the ending point for the electrical connection between the first connection structure and the photovoltaic cell, i.e., the end of the welding process. Furthermore, compared to the portion of the battery substrate 110 located in the central region 30, the first connection structure exerts a greater force on the edge line 112, which serves as the starting or ending solder point. Moreover, compared to the central region 30, the edge region 20 is more susceptible to greater external forces, and the area of ​​the edge region 20 closer to the periphery of the battery substrate 110 along the first direction X is more susceptible to greater external forces.

[0040] Based on this, an edge line 112 is designed to collect the current in at least one gate line 101 located in the edge region 20, so that the current can be further transmitted to the first connection structure via the edge line 112; a center line 122 is designed to collect the current in at least one gate line 101 located in the center region 30, so that the current can be further transmitted to the first connection structure via the center region 30. Furthermore, along the second direction Y, the width of the edge line 112 is designed to be greater than the width of the center line 122. This increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the edge line 112. On the one hand, this improves the connection strength between the edge line 112 and the battery substrate 110, preventing excessive force on the edge region 20 and thus reducing the transmission resistance of the edge line 112 itself. On the other hand, when realizing the electrical connection between the first connection structure and two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, it also improves the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure and the edge line 112, and prevents excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on the edge line 112, which could lead to poor soldering, desoldering, or breakage. It also contributes to improving the carrier collection efficiency of the edge line 112. This design improves the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge line 112. Furthermore, compared to a harpoon structure with two busbars extending in different directions in the edge region, the edge line 112 collects the current from the grid line 101 in the edge region 20. With a consistent layout length along the first direction X, the extension length of the edge line 112 is less than the extension length of the busbars in the harpoon structure. This reduces the layout area occupied by the edge line 112 on the battery substrate 110, thereby reducing the material usage and manufacturing cost of the edge line 112. It also reduces the area of ​​the light-shielding region caused by the edge line 112, ensuring that more areas of the battery substrate 110 are not blocked, thus increasing the total amount of light received.

[0041] Furthermore, a reinforcement section 132 is designed on the side of the edge line 112 away from the battery substrate 110. The reinforcement section 132 can further reduce the risk of edge line 112 breakage by connecting and fixing the edge line 112, and ensure the effective collection of charge carriers in the edge region 20 by the edge line 112, so as to further improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. Moreover, the charge carriers collected by the edge line 112 can be directly vertically transmitted to the first connection structure by means of the reinforcement section 132, which helps to shorten the transport path of the charge carriers.

[0042] It should be noted that when two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 are electrically connected, most or even all of the orthographic projections of the edge line 112 and the reinforcement 132 on the cell substrate 110 will be located within the orthographic projection of the first connection structure on the cell substrate 110. This is different from the orthographic projection of the harpoon structure, which is located outside the orthographic projection of the first connection structure on the cell substrate. This can effectively reduce the risk of edge line 112 breakage and improve carrier collection efficiency while reducing the shading caused to the cell substrate 110, thereby increasing the total amount of light received by the cell substrate 110.

[0043] in, Figure 1 This is a first partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a second partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a partial top view schematic diagram of a combination of two photovoltaic cells provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. It should be noted that, furthermore, Figures 1 to 3 The photovoltaic cell 100 is cut off along the first direction X by a truncated wavy line to illustrate the edge region 20 and the center region 30 of the photovoltaic cell 100 along the first direction X. Figures 1 to 3 The photovoltaic cell 100 is cut off along the second direction Y by a separate truncated wavy line to indicate both sides of the photovoltaic cell 100 along the second direction Y; moreover, Figures 1 to 3 The truncated wavy lines are drawn using dashed lines. Figure 3 The first connecting structure 104 is illustrated using a perspective drawing method, and... Figure 3 The first connecting structure 104 is cut off along the first direction X by a truncated wavy line to illustrate that the first connecting structure 104 bends in the interval between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, bending from the first surface side 1101 to the second surface side 1102.

[0044] The photovoltaic cell provided in one embodiment of this disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. When the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with grid lines 101 on both sides, such as a TOPcon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell, the surface side 1100 includes a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102. The grid line 101 includes a first current collector electrode 111 located on the first surface side 1101 and a second current collector electrode 121 located on the second surface side 1102.

[0046] In other embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 5 , Figure 5This is a second partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with grid lines 101 on one side, such as a BC cell. The grid lines 101 include a first current collector 111 and a second current collector 121 located on the same surface side 1100, and the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 are arranged alternately along the first direction X.

[0047] It should be noted that, in conjunction with references Figures 1 to 5 Regardless of the type of photovoltaic cell 100, an edge line 112, a center line 122, and a reinforcement 132 can be designed on at least one surface side 1100 to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell 100 while reducing the risk of shading.

[0048] The reinforcement part 132 will be described in detail below.

[0049] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 1 to 3 The reinforcing portion 132 may include a first portion 1321 extending along the second direction Y and a second portion 1322 extending along the first direction X, with each end of the first portion 1321 contacting and connecting to a second portion 1322 along the second direction Y. Thus, the projected area of ​​the reinforcing portion 132 on the battery substrate 110 is approximately I-shaped. The first portion 1321 primarily serves to contact and connect with the grid line 101 to collect current, while the second portion 1322 primarily serves to enhance the connection stability between the subsequent first connection structure 104 and the reinforcing portion 132. This allows for a reasonable layout of the projected shape of the reinforcing portion 132, ensuring good connection strength between the first connection structure 104 and the reinforcing portion 132, reducing the light-blocking area caused by the reinforcing portion 132, and lowering the manufacturing cost of the reinforcing portion 132.

[0050] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 1 to 3 The number of reinforcing portions 132 that contact and connect with a single edge line 112 can be multiple, and the multiple reinforcing portions 132 located on the same edge line 112 are arranged at intervals. It should be noted that the portion of the edge line 112 closer to the center region 30 along the first direction X may subsequently be subjected to a greater force by the first connecting structure 104, thus requiring a greater design of reinforcing portions 132 to reduce the risk of edge line 112 breaking under stress. Moreover, to reduce manufacturing costs and the light-blocking area, the portion of the edge line 112 farther from the center region 30 along the first direction X may not have an edge line 112. Based on this, the number of reinforcing portions 132 that contact and connect with a single edge line 112 can be flexibly set according to actual needs. Figures 1 to 3 The example only shows three reinforcing parts 132 that are in contact with and connected to a single edge line 112.

[0051] In some cases, refer to Figures 1 to 3 The multiple reinforcing parts 132 located on the same edge line 112 have the same orthogonal projection area on the battery substrate 110, which helps to simplify the fabrication process of the reinforcing parts 132.

[0052] In other cases, refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a third partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As the number of grid lines 101 required to converge on the edge line 112 gradually decreases along the direction away from the center region 30, and the force exerted by the subsequent first connection structure 104 on the edge line 112 gradually decreases, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the plurality of reinforcing portions 132 that are in contact with and connected to a single edge line 112 gradually decreases along the direction from the center region 30 to the edge region 20 on the surface side 1100. This is beneficial in ensuring the connection and fixing effect of the reinforcing portions 132 on the edge line 112, while also minimizing the shading area caused by the reinforcing portions 132 and reducing the material required to manufacture the reinforcing portions 132, thereby reducing their manufacturing cost.

[0053] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 2 to 3 The photovoltaic cell may further include: an edge pad 120 located on the side of the edge region 20 near the center region 30, the edge pad 120 being connected to the center line 122 along the first direction X near the center region 30, and the edge pad 120 being connected to the edge line 112 along the side of the first direction X away from the center region 30; wherein, the orthogonal projection area of ​​the edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100 is greater than the orthogonal projection area of ​​the reinforcing part 132 on the surface side 1100.

[0054] This approach helps to increase the positive projection area of ​​the edge pad 120 on the battery substrate 110, thereby reducing the transmission resistance of the edge pad 120 itself. This helps to improve the carrier collection efficiency of the edge pad 120, and also improves the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the subsequent first connection structure 104 and the edge pad 120. It also avoids the problem of poor soldering or desoldering caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure 104 on the edge pad 120, which serves as the starting or ending solder point. Furthermore, it helps to improve the carrier collection efficiency of the edge pad 120 and enhance the connection stability between the first connection structure 104 and the edge pad 120.

[0055] In some cases, edge line 112 and center line 122 can be considered as strip-shaped structures extending along the first direction X. Edge line 112 and center line 122, whose extension directions coincide along the first direction X, can be considered as sub-components of the same busbar electrode. When multiple photovoltaic cells 100 are subsequently electrically connected into a battery string, a single first connection structure 104 is electrically connected to the edge line 112 and center line 122 belonging to the same busbar electrode. It should be noted that the busbar electrode can be either the first busbar electrode or the second busbar electrode mentioned later.

[0056] It should be noted that, along the first direction X, the edge line 112 and the center line 122 that coincide in the extending direction may or may not have a gap, but they will be electrically connected to different gate lines 101 respectively; furthermore, in practical applications, the same bus electrode may include multiple center lines located in the central region and spaced apart along the first direction. Figures 1 to 3 The example only uses a center line 122, which is a single bus electrode that is in contact with and connected to a plurality of grid lines 101 located in the central region 30.

[0057] In some embodiments, reference Figures 1 to 3 The surface side 1100 of the battery substrate 110 may include a plurality of welding areas (not shown in the figure) arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The edge line 112 and the center line 122 that coincide along the first direction X are located in the same welding area and will be electrically connected to the same first connection structure later.

[0058] It should be noted that, Figures 1 to 3 The diagram only illustrates two welding areas at opposite edges along the second direction Y in the battery substrate 110, with an example showing the welding area closest to the edge having both an edge line 112 and a center line 122. In practical applications, the number of welding areas with a center line can be designed to be greater than the number of welding areas with an edge line. In other words, at least a portion of the welding areas may not have an edge line but may have a center line; for example, the welding area closest to the edge may not have an edge line but may have a center line.

[0059] In one example, a center line can be set on each welding area, and some welding areas may not have an edge line set. For example, at least one welding area near the edge may not have an edge line set.

[0060] In some cases, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a fourth partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 may further include: a plurality of auxiliary pads 130 arranged at intervals along a first direction Y. The auxiliary pads 130 are located between two opposite edge pads 120 along the first direction X, and the orthogonal projection area of ​​the auxiliary pads 130 on the surface side 1100 is smaller than the orthogonal projection area of ​​the edge pads 120 on the surface side 1100.

[0061] It is worth noting that the first connection structure 104 (reference) is used for electrically connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100. Figure 3 The first connecting structure 104 is typically a long strip structure. Due to its own weight and internal stress, it will deform within a certain length, affecting the alignment accuracy between the first connecting structure 104 and the photovoltaic cell 100, and causing greater forces on the photovoltaic cell 100 at the deformation points. To address this, two auxiliary pads 130 are provided within the unit length of the first connecting structure 104 that is prone to deformation. The auxiliary pads 130 fix the first connecting structure 104 to prevent a decrease in alignment accuracy caused by its deformation, such as preventing offset, thus ensuring a high connection accuracy between the first connecting structure 104 and the photovoltaic cell 100. Furthermore, the auxiliary pads 130 resist the greater forces caused by the deformation of the first connecting structure 104, stabilizing the connection between the first connecting structure 104 and the auxiliary pads 130, thereby further improving the connection stability between the first connecting structure 104 and the photovoltaic cell 100.

[0062] Furthermore, compared to the starting or ending solder joints, the auxiliary pad 130 located in the central area 30 is subjected to less external force, thus reducing the probability of cold solder joints or detachment between the first connection structure 104 and the auxiliary pad 130. Therefore, designing the orthogonal projection area of ​​the auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100 to be smaller than that of the edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100 is beneficial to stabilize the connection between the first connection structure 104 and the auxiliary pad 130 while minimizing the orthogonal projection area of ​​the auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100, thereby reducing the light-shielding area caused by the auxiliary pad 130 and lowering the manufacturing cost of the auxiliary pad 130.

[0063] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 7 Three to eight auxiliary pads 130 may be arranged at intervals between two opposite edge pads 120 along the first direction X. It should be noted that... Figure 7 Only the three auxiliary pads 130 between two opposite edge pads 120 along the first direction X are shown.

[0064] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 7 The projected area of ​​the reinforcing portion 132 on the surface side 1100 can be less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100. In this way, while ensuring that the edge line 112 is prevented from breaking as much as possible by means of the reinforcing portion 132, the additional increase in the light-shielding area caused by the reinforcing portion 132 is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the reinforcing portion 132 is reduced.

[0065] In some cases, continue to refer to Figure 7 The photovoltaic cell 100 may further include a plurality of solder points 140 arranged at intervals along a first direction X, wherein the solder points 140 are located between two adjacent auxiliary pads 130 along the first direction X, and each solder point 140 is in contact with a single grid line 101.

[0066] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 7 The solder joint 140 includes a solder line 1401 extending along the second direction Y and an extension line 1402 extending along the first direction X. The solder line 1401 has its two opposite ends along the second direction Y each contacting and connecting to an extension line 1402. Thus, the projected area of ​​the solder joint 140 on the battery substrate 110 is approximately I-shaped. The solder line 1401 primarily serves to contact and connect with the grid line 101 to collect charge carriers, while the extension line 1402 primarily serves to enhance the subsequent first connection structure 104 (see reference). Figure 3 This contributes to the stability of the connection between the first connection structure 104 and the solder joint 140. Thus, by rationally arranging the orthographic projection shape of the solder joint 140, it is beneficial to ensure good connection strength between the first connection structure 104 and the solder joint 140, as well as to reduce the light-blocking area caused by the solder joint 140 and lower the manufacturing cost of the solder joint 140.

[0067] In other examples, the solder joints may also be elongated structures extending along the second direction.

[0068] It should be noted that in practical applications, based on the design of the center line and auxiliary pads, solder joints may not be designed on the center area. The center line will transmit the collected current to the nearest auxiliary pad, and then transmit it to the first connection structure with the help of the auxiliary pad.

[0069] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 7 The auxiliary pad 130 may include a first auxiliary pad 130a and a second auxiliary pad 130b. The first auxiliary pad 130a is located between the edge pad 120 and the solder joint 140 closest to the edge pad 120. The second auxiliary pad 130b has solder joints 140 arranged on both sides along the first direction X. The orthographic projection area of ​​the first auxiliary pad 130a on the surface side 1100 may be smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second auxiliary pad 130b on the surface side 1100.

[0070] It is worth noting that the subsequent first connection structure 104 (reference) Figure 3 The portion of the first connection structure 104 located near the edge pad 120 is raised. To prevent excessive bending of the portion of the first connection structure 104 near the edge pad 120, the first auxiliary pad 130a can be used to support the first connection structure 104, reducing the risk of excessive bending in some areas. Furthermore, since the edge pad 120 has a large projected area on the surface side 1100, most charge carriers will converge at the edge pad 120. The second auxiliary pad 130b needs to collect current from multiple gate lines 101 located nearby, thus requiring improved carrier collection efficiency. Therefore, the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary pad 130a on the surface side 1100 can be smaller than that of the second auxiliary pad 130b on the surface side 1100. This helps to reduce the manufacturing cost and light-shielding area of ​​the auxiliary pad 130 while improving the structural stability of the first connection structure 104 and providing a good transport path for charge carriers.

[0071] The following provides a detailed description of the structural layout on both sides of a photovoltaic cell when both sides have grid lines.

[0072] In some embodiments, reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 or Figure 10 An edge line 112 is provided on the edge region 20 of one of the two surface sides 1100, and a harpoon portion 150 is provided on the edge region 20 of the other surface side. The harpoon portion 150 includes two intersecting confluence lines 1501 extending in opposite directions. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the extension direction of the confluence lines 1501 are located on the same plane and intersect each other. In other words, an edge line 112 is designed on one surface side 1100 of the same photovoltaic cell 100, and a harpoon portion 150 is designed on the other surface side 1100. Subsequently, the first connection structure 104 can be electrically connected to the edge line 112 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 and the harpoon portion 150 of the other.

[0073] in, Figure 8 This is another partial top view schematic diagram of two photovoltaic cell combinations provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 9 This is yet another partial top view schematic diagram of a combination of two photovoltaic cells provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 This is another partial top view schematic diagram of two photovoltaic cell combinations provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; furthermore, the same Figure 3 similar, Figures 8 to 10The first connecting structure 104 is cut off along the first direction X by a truncated wavy line to illustrate that the first connecting structure 104 bends in the interval between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, bending from the first surface side 1101 to the second surface side 1102.

[0074] In some cases, the photovoltaic cell 100 has a front and a back side. The front side is generally the area that mainly receives light. An edge line 112 is provided on the edge area 20 of the surface side 1100, which is the front side, to reduce the risk of shading on the cell substrate 110. A harpoon portion 150 is provided on the edge area 20 of the surface side 1100, which is the back side. Since the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the harpoon portion 150 on the cell substrate 110 and the orthographic projection of the first connecting structure 104 on the cell substrate 110 is very small, it is set to 0. That is, at least most of the harpoon portion 150 will not be located directly below the first connecting structure 104. This can reduce the risk of the first connecting structure 104 exerting a large force on the harpoon portion 150, thereby reducing the risk of the harpoon portion 150 breaking. In this way, the high absorption and utilization of light on the front side can be achieved while improving the structural stability of the back side.

[0075] In some cases, the width of the edge line 112 along the second direction Y can be greater than the width of the bus line 1501, so as to reduce the risk of its own breakage under stress by means of the wider edge line 112, and further reduce its own transmission resistance.

[0076] In some cases, refer to Figure 8 or Figure 9 At least one of the multiple gate lines 101 connected to the bus line 1501 will be disconnected at the bus line 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, at least one of the multiple gate lines 101 connected to the bus line 1501 will not be located in the interval between two bus lines 1501 in the same harpoon portion 150.

[0077] In some examples, reference Figure 8 Among the multiple grid lines 101 connected to the bus line 1501, the grid line 101 closer to the center region 30 will be broken at the bus line 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, no grid line 101 will be provided in the area near the center region 30 in the interval between two bus lines 1501 in the same harpoon portion 150.

[0078] In other examples, refer to Figure 9 Among the multiple grid lines 101 connected to the bus line 1501, the grid line 101 closer to the edge of the photovoltaic cell 100 will be broken at the bus line 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, no grid line 101 will be provided in the interval between two bus lines 1501 in the same harpoon portion 150 near the edge of the photovoltaic cell 100.

[0079] In other cases, refer to Figure 10 The multiple grid lines 101 connected to the bus line 1501 can all be located in the interval between two bus lines 1501 in the same harpoon section 150.

[0080] In other embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 3 Each of the two surface sides 1100 has an edge line 112 on its edge region 20. The first connection structure 104 can then be electrically connected to the edge lines 112 of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 respectively. In this way, when the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell where both sides serve as the main light-receiving surface, it is beneficial to improve the light absorption and utilization rate of both sides of the photovoltaic cell.

[0081] In summary, based on the design of edge line 112 and center line 122 for collecting current from the grid lines 101 located in different regions of the battery substrate 110, further designing the width of edge line 112 to be greater than the width of center line 122 can increase the cross-sectional area of ​​edge line 112. On the one hand, this helps to improve the connection strength between edge line 112 and battery substrate 110, avoiding the problem of edge line 112 breaking due to excessive force on edge region 20, and can also reduce the transmission resistance of edge line 112 itself. On the other hand, when subsequently electrically connecting with two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 using the first connection structure, it can also improve the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure and edge line 112, and avoid the problem of poor soldering, desoldering, or breakage caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on edge line 112. This also helps improve the carrier collection efficiency of the edge line 112 and enhance the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge line 112. On the other hand, compared to designing a harpoon structure with two bus lines extending in different directions in the edge region, the edge line 112 collects the current in the grid line 101 located in the edge region 20. With the layout length being consistent along the first direction X, the extension length of the edge line 112 is less than the extension length of the bus line in the harpoon structure. This is beneficial for reducing the layout area occupied by the edge line 112 on the battery substrate 110, thereby reducing the material usage of the edge line 112 and thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the edge line 112. It is also beneficial for reducing the area of ​​the light-blocking region caused by the edge line 112, so that more areas in the battery substrate 110 are not blocked, thereby increasing the total amount of light received.

[0082] Furthermore, a reinforcement section 132 is designed on the side of the edge line 112 away from the battery substrate 110. The reinforcement section 132 can further reduce the risk of edge line 112 breakage by connecting and fixing the edge line 112, and ensure the effective collection of charge carriers in the edge region 20 by the edge line 112, so as to further improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. Moreover, the charge carriers collected by the edge line 112 can be directly vertically transmitted to the first connection structure by means of the reinforcement section 132, which helps to shorten the transport path of the charge carriers.

[0083] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, which is formed by connecting multiple photovoltaic cells provided in the foregoing embodiments. The photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that parts that are the same as or corresponding to those in the foregoing embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0084] Reference Figures 1 to 14 The photovoltaic module includes: a battery string 103, which is formed by connecting multiple photovoltaic cells 100 provided in the aforementioned embodiments; an encapsulating film 41 for covering the surface of the battery string 103; and a cover plate 42 for covering the surface of the encapsulating film 41 facing away from the battery string 103.

[0085] in, Figure 11 A partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 13 Another partial perspective view of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 14 This is another partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0086] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 15 to 18 The photovoltaic cell 100 is rectangular in shape, with the ratio of the shorter side dimension W1 to the longer side dimension W2 of the rectangular shape being 1 / M:1; N columns of battery strings 103 are connected in parallel, and a single battery string 103 includes multiple photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the shorter side of the rectangular shape, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is less than N, and the shorter side of the rectangular shape is the first direction X; a first connection structure 104 realizes the series connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a single battery string 103; a second connection structure 105 realizes the electrical connection between two adjacent battery strings 103.

[0087] in, Figure 15 A partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 16 A top view schematic diagram of a primary battery provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 17A top view schematic diagram of a combination of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 18 This is a top view schematic diagram of a single photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of this disclosure. It should be noted that... Figure 15 The text uses ellipses to indicate that a single battery string 103 contains multiple photovoltaic cells 100, and dashed boxes to indicate a single battery string 103. The positive or negative output of the battery string 103 is labeled to show the electrical connection between adjacent battery strings 103. Furthermore, Figure 15 The example shown is four battery strings of 103 connected in parallel.

[0088] It is worth noting that the ratio of the shorter side dimension W1 to the longer side dimension W2 of the rectangular prism can be regarded as the aspect ratio of a single photovoltaic cell 100, and the ratio of the longer side dimension W2 to the shorter side dimension W1 of the rectangular prism can be regarded as the aspect ratio of a single photovoltaic cell 100. Designing the aspect ratio (i.e., M) of a single photovoltaic cell 100 to be less than the number of parallel battery strings 103 (i.e., N) is beneficial in reducing the overall size of a single photovoltaic cell 100 to reduce the output current of a single photovoltaic cell 100. This allows for minimizing the output current of the battery string 103 while keeping the number of photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series in a single battery string 103 constant. Furthermore, designing a larger number of battery strings 103 connected in parallel will not increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, thereby helping to reduce the output power corresponding to the battery string 103 while ensuring that the photovoltaic module as a whole has a large output power.

[0089] On the other hand, by increasing the number of parallel battery strings 103 (i.e., N), the aspect ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of a single photovoltaic cell 100 can be further reduced. Firstly, this significantly reduces the output current of the photovoltaic cell 100 and the battery string 103, thereby reducing the power loss caused by the lines in the battery string 103 used to electrically connect different photovoltaic cells 100, thus further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, based on the reduction in the output current required to be carried in a single battery string 103, thinner lines can be used to electrically connect different photovoltaic cells 100, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module. Secondly, based on reducing the output current of the battery string 103, more parallel connections can be designed. Firstly, the branch circuit helps reduce the impact of faults within a single cell string 103 on the overall output power of the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the output stability of the photovoltaic module. Secondly, by reducing the size of a single photovoltaic cell 100, the aspect ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the single photovoltaic cell 100 is reduced. The risk of the smaller photovoltaic cell 100 breaking under stress is reduced, and the hot spot effect caused by the damage of a single photovoltaic cell 100 as a load is reduced, which reduces the temperature impact on the surrounding photovoltaic cells 100. This helps reduce the risk of the photovoltaic module being burned out due to the hot spot effect, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the photovoltaic module while improving its anti-hot spot performance.

[0090] It should be noted that the reference Figure 17 or Figure 18 The rectangular shape of the photovoltaic cell 100 refers to the fact that, while the photovoltaic cell 100 is generally rectangular, at least one of the four corners of the rectangle may have a chamfered structure 106, making the shape of the photovoltaic cell 100 resemble a regular rectangle. Furthermore, depending on the different cutting processes involved in the photovoltaic cell 100, some photovoltaic cells 100 may not have chamfered structures at any of the four corners, presenting a shape even closer to a regular rectangle. Examples of the cutting processes involved in the photovoltaic cell 100 will be provided later.

[0091] It is worth noting that, regardless of whether the corner of the photovoltaic cell 100 has a chamfer structure 106, the short side dimension W1 of the rectangular shape is the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along the first direction X, and the long side dimension W2 of the rectangular shape is the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along the second direction Y.

[0092] It should be noted that a single battery string 103 includes only multiple photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the first direction X. If there are photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the short side direction Y of a rectangle-like structure, then these photovoltaic cells 100 belong to different battery strings 103 connected in series. Based on this, N columns of battery strings 103 are designed to be connected in parallel to increase the parallel branches in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing crosstalk between different areas of the photovoltaic module and improving the anti-hot spot performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0093] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figure 16 and Figure 17 The photovoltaic cell 100 is a sliced ​​cell 100a. The sliced ​​cell 100a is a cell formed by cutting a complete original cell 10 along the length direction of the original cell 10. The sliced ​​cell 100a is 1 / S of the original cell 10, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The shape of the photovoltaic cell 100 is roughly rectangular. The length direction of the original cell 10 is the short side direction of the roughly rectangular shape, and the width direction of the original cell 10 is the long side direction of the roughly rectangular shape. The long side direction of the roughly rectangular shape is the second direction Y.

[0094] It should be noted that, Figure 17 Can be regarded as Figure 16 The diagram shown is a top view of the combination of four sliced ​​cells 100a formed after the original cell 10 is cut. Figure 17 The example only uses S equal to 4.

[0095] In other words, the original cell 10 is cut along its longer side to obtain S sliced ​​cells 100a. Ignoring the dimensional loss caused by the cutting process, the dimension of the sliced ​​cell 100a along the length direction of the original cell 10 is approximately 1 / S of the length of the original cell 10, that is, the shorter side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is approximately 1 / S of the length of the original cell 10; the dimension of the sliced ​​cell 100a along the width direction of the original cell 10 is approximately the width of the original cell 10, that is, the longer side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is approximately the width of the original cell 10.

[0096] In some cases, in conjunction with references Figure 16 and Figure 17 The original cell 10 has chamfered structures 106 at its four corners. When S is greater than 2, the sliced ​​cell 100a includes a first sliced ​​cell 110a with chamfered structures 106 and a second sliced ​​cell 120a without chamfered structures 106. In the first sliced ​​cell 110a, two opposite corners along the second direction Y have chamfered structures 106, and the other two opposite corners along the second direction Y do not have chamfered structures 106.

[0097] In some examples, the photovoltaic cells 100 contained in a single photovoltaic module are either all first slice cells 110a or all second slice cells 120a.

[0098] It is worth noting that the sliced ​​solar cells 100a formed by the cutting process will have different morphologies depending on whether they have a chamfer structure 106, i.e., they will be divided into first sliced ​​solar cells 110a and second sliced ​​solar cells 120a. Due to the presence of the chamfer structure 106, the light-receiving areas of the first sliced ​​solar cells 110a and the second sliced ​​solar cells 120a are different, resulting in certain differences in the electrical performance of the first sliced ​​solar cells 110a and the second sliced ​​solar cells 120a. Based on this, designing that all photovoltaic cells 100 in a single photovoltaic module are either first sliced ​​solar cells 110a or all second sliced ​​solar cells 120a is beneficial to reducing the differences in electrical performance between different photovoltaic cells 100 in a single photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the power loss caused by these differences in electrical performance and further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0099] In other examples, a single photovoltaic module may also contain both a first-slice cell and a second-slice cell. Other designs can be used to compensate for the difference in electrical performance between the first-slice cell and the second-slice cell due to the presence or absence of a chamfer structure, thereby eliminating the need for a screening process for the first-slice cell and the second-slice cell.

[0100] In one example, continue to refer to the reference. Figure 16 and Figure 17S is 4. A complete original cell 10 is cut into four sliced ​​cells 100a along its length. Each of the four corners of the original cell 10 has a chamfered structure 106, so that each of the two sliced ​​cells 100a has two chamfered structures 106, and the two chamfered structures 106 are opposite each other along the second direction Y. The other two sliced ​​cells 100a do not have chamfered structures 106.

[0101] In one example, continue to refer to the reference. Figure 16 and Figure 17 Along the first direction X, the long side dimension L1 of the original cell 10 can be 186mm~218mm, for example, it can be 187mm, 188mm, 189mm, 190mm, 191mm, 192mm, 193mm, 194mm, 195mm, 196mm, 197mm, 198mm, 199mm, 200mm, 201mm, 202mm, 203mm, 204mm, 205mm, 206mm, 207mm, 208mm, 209mm, 210mm, 211mm, 212mm, 213mm, 214mm, 215mm, 216mm or 217mm, etc.; along the second direction Y, the short side dimension L2 of the original cell 10 can be 180mm~184mm, for example, it can be 181mm, 182mm or 183mm, etc.

[0102] In other embodiments, reference is made to Figure 18 The photovoltaic cell 100 can be a whole cell 100b. In the whole cell 100b, there are chamfered structures 106 at two opposite corners along the second direction Y, and there are also chamfered structures 106 at the other two opposite corners along the second direction Y. In other words, unlike the sliced ​​cell 100a which only has two chamfered structures 106 or no chamfered structures 106, the whole cell 100b has chamfered structures 106 at all four corners, and the whole cell 100b does not need to undergo a cutting process.

[0103] It should be noted that, Figure 14 A single photovoltaic cell 100 is indicated by a rectangle. It is not shown whether the photovoltaic cell 100 has a chamfered structure; in other words... Figure 14 The photovoltaic cell 100 shown in the diagram can be Figure 17 The sliced ​​battery 100a shown can also be Figure 18 The entire battery cell shown is 100b.

[0104] In some embodiments, the value of M can range from 1.5 to 3.96, for example, it can be 1.55, 1.5, 1.6, 1.65, 1.7, 1.75, 1.8, 1.85, 1.9, 1.95, 2, 2.05, 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, 2.35, 2.4, 2.45, 2.5, 2.55, 2.6, 2.65, 2.7, 2.75, 2.8, 2.85, 2.9, 2.95, 3, 3.05, 3.1, 3.15, 3.2, 3.25, 3.3, 3.35, 3.4, 3.45, 3.5, 3.55, 3.6, 3.65, 3.7, 3.75, 3.8, 3.85, 3.9, or 3.95, etc.

[0105] The following provides a detailed description of the arrangement of multiple photovoltaic cells 100 in a single battery string 103.

[0106] In some embodiments, reference Figure 19 , Figure 19 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure. There is an overlap area 107 between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the single cell string 103. In other words, the stacked design of multiple photovoltaic cells 100 in the single cell string 103 is beneficial to arrange a greater number of photovoltaic cells 100 on the limited layout length of the cell string 103. The photovoltaic module may also include a buffer pad 117, which is located at least on the overlap area 107, and the width of the buffer pad 117 is greater than the width of the overlap area 107 along the short side direction of the quasi-rectangular shape.

[0107] It is worth noting that when establishing an electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, the components used to collect charge carriers in the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 need to be welded using the first connection structure 104, which will exert a certain force on the photovoltaic cells 100. Furthermore, the design of an overlap region 107 between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 increases the risk of stress concentration in the portion of the photovoltaic cell 100 located in the overlap region 107. Therefore, a buffer pad 117 is designed at least on the overlap region 107. This helps to release the force exerted on the photovoltaic cell 100 through the elasticity of the buffer pad 117, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration in the portion of the photovoltaic cell 100 located in the overlap region 107, avoiding the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cell 100 in the overlap region 107, and thus improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0108] In addition, the width of the buffer pad 117 can be greater than the width of the overlapping area 107, which is beneficial to ensure that the buffer pad 117 is located in the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 100 other than the overlapping area 107, so as to protect the edge of the photovoltaic cell 100 to a certain extent, thereby further reducing the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cell 100 in the overlapping area 107, and thus further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0109] In some cases, continue to refer to Figure 19 In the process of connecting multiple photovoltaic cells 100 to form a battery string 103, a buffer pad 117 is first pre-placed on the overlapping area 107 of the first photovoltaic cell 100. Then, one end of the first connecting structure 104 is placed on the first photovoltaic cell 100, with the other end of the first connecting structure 104 protruding from the outside of the first photovoltaic cell 100. Next, the second photovoltaic cell 100 is placed on the other end of the first connecting structure 104. This process is repeated to form a battery string 103.

[0110] In some examples, the material of the cushioning pad 117 may be ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0111] In other embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 11 , Figure 13 or Figure 15 There can also be a gap between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a single battery string 103.

[0112] The electrical connection relationships between multiple cell strings 103 in a photovoltaic module are explained in detail below.

[0113] In some embodiments, reference Figure 20 , Figure 20 This is another partial top view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Four parallel battery strings 103 constitute a battery string group 113. Three battery string groups 113 are connected in series along the long side of a rectangular prism. The four battery strings 103 in each battery string group 113 are arranged in an array and connected in parallel along both the long and short sides of the rectangular prism. Thus, by designing both parallel and series-connected battery strings 103 in the photovoltaic module, more transmission paths are provided for the current. This reduces the impact of a single battery string 103 failure on the photovoltaic module while increasing the output current and output voltage, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0114] In some cases, continue to refer to Figure 20The three battery string groups 113 are sequentially designated as a first battery string group 113a, a second battery string group 113b, and a third battery string group 113c. Each battery string group 113 has two opposite leads 123 along the first direction X. The second connection structure 105 may include: a first busbar 115 extending along the second direction Y, through which the first battery string group 113a and the second battery string group 113b are connected in series; and a second busbar 125 extending along the first direction X, with opposite ends along the first direction X. Two first busbars 115 are electrically connected respectively; a third busbar 135 extending along the second direction Y is located between two adjacent battery strings 103 along the first direction X in the same battery string group 113, and the third busbar 135 is used to connect the two adjacent battery strings 103 along the first direction X in parallel; a fourth busbar 145, the two ends of the fourth busbar 145 are electrically connected to the two leads 123 of the third battery string group 113c respectively, and the middle part of the fourth busbar 145 is electrically connected to the third busbar 135 corresponding to the second battery string group 113b. (Referring to a reference...) Figure 20 and Figure 15 The lead-out end 123 can be regarded as a whole composed of multiple first connection structures 104 in a single photovoltaic cell 100.

[0115] This allows for the simultaneous parallel connection of battery strings 103 in battery string group 113 and the series connection between different battery string groups 113 using four types of busbars, so as to achieve the line layout in photovoltaic modules with as few busbars as possible, thereby reducing the layout area required by busbars in photovoltaic modules and reducing the manufacturing cost of busbars.

[0116] In some examples, in conjunction with references Figures 20 to 21 The second busbar 125 has a lead-out portion 1251 protruding upward along the third direction Z in the middle. The photovoltaic module may also include: a first bypass diode 119, electrically connected between the lead-out portion 1251 and the third busbar 135 corresponding to the first battery string 113a; a second bypass diode 129, electrically connected between the lead-out portion 1251 and the third busbar 135 corresponding to the second battery string 113b; and a third bypass diode 139, electrically connected between a fourth busbar 145 and the third busbar 135 corresponding to the third battery string 113c.

[0117] in, Figure 21 for Figure 20 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the area within the dashed circular frame A shown. Figure 22 for Figure 20 The diagram shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module.

[0118] Thus, in conjunction with references Figures 20 to 21When a photovoltaic cell 100 in any of the battery strings 103 within the first battery string group 113a is shaded or malfunctions, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as chipping, the short-circuit current of some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module is less than the operating current of the photovoltaic module, causing these photovoltaic cells 100 to be in a reverse bias state and consume the energy generated by other areas), the first bypass diode 119 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning battery string 103 and flow through the first bypass diode 119, without affecting the normal power generation of other battery strings 103 within the first battery string group 113a. It should be noted that the first bypass diode 119 can be connected in reverse parallel with the first battery string group 113a via the second bus bar 125 (i.e., the first bypass diode 119 is connected in parallel with the first battery string group 113a, but with opposite polarities).

[0119] Similarly, when a photovoltaic cell 100 on any of the cell strings 103 within the second cell string group 113b is shaded or malfunctions, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as chipping, the short-circuit current of some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module is less than the operating current of the photovoltaic module, causing these photovoltaic cells 100 to be in a reverse bias state and consume the energy generated by other areas), the second bypass diode 129 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning cell string 103 and flow through the second bypass diode 129, without affecting the normal power generation of other cell strings 103 within the second cell string group 113b. It should be noted that the second bypass diode 129 can be connected in reverse parallel with the second cell string group 113b via the second bus bar 125 (i.e., the second bypass diode 129 is connected in parallel with the second cell string group 113b, but with opposite polarities).

[0120] When a photovoltaic cell 100 in any of the cell strings 103 within the third cell string group 113c is shaded or malfunctions, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cell cracking, the short-circuit current of some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module is less than the operating current of the photovoltaic module, causing these photovoltaic cells 100 to be in a reverse bias state and consume the energy generated by other areas), the third bypass diode 139 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning cell string 103 and flow through the third bypass diode 139, without affecting the normal power generation of other cell strings 103 within the third cell string group 113c. It should be noted that the third bypass diode 139 can be connected in reverse parallel with the third cell string group 113c via the fourth bus bar 145 (i.e., the third bypass diode 139 is connected in parallel with the third cell string group 113c, but with opposite polarities).

[0121] In one example, continue to refer to Figure 21The first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129 are located in the same junction box 109. It is worth noting that the lead-out portion 1251 of the second bus bar 125 can extend into the junction box 109 to be electrically connected to the first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129 respectively. This helps to reduce the number of junction boxes 109, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules. Moreover, it can reduce the shading of photovoltaic modules caused by junction boxes 109 and increase the effective light-absorbing area of ​​photovoltaic modules.

[0122] The following provides a detailed explanation of the types of photovoltaic cells used in photovoltaic modules.

[0123] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figure 4 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 or in conjunction with references Figure 5 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 On the surface side 1100, a plurality of first bus electrodes 102a and a plurality of second bus electrodes 102b are arranged at intervals along the long side of a quasi-rectangular shape. The first bus electrodes 102a and the second bus electrodes 102b are parallel to the short side of the quasi-rectangular shape. A first connection structure 104 electrically connects the first bus electrode 102a of one of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to the second bus electrode 102b of the other, thereby realizing the series connection of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a single cell string 103. Thus, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be considered as a cell with a main grid, and the first bus electrode 102a and the plurality of second bus electrodes 102b can be considered as main grids of two different polarities, that is, the first bus electrode 102a and the plurality of second bus electrodes 102b can each include an edge line 112 (see reference). Figure 1 ) and centerline 122 (reference) Figure 1 ).

[0124] Based on the above, the cases in which the second connection structure 105 electrically connects two adjacent battery strings 103 include at least the following: In some cases, in conjunction with references Figure 12 and Figure 20 or in conjunction with references Figure 14 and Figure 20 The second connection structure 105 electrically connects the first bus electrode 102a of one of the two adjacent battery strings 103 and the second bus electrode 102b of the other, so as to realize the series connection of the two adjacent battery strings 103.

[0125] In other cases, continue to refer to the reference. Figure 12 and Figure 20 or in conjunction with references Figure 14 and Figure 20The second connection structure 105 electrically connects the first bus electrode 102a of two adjacent battery strings 103 to achieve parallel connection of the two adjacent battery strings 103.

[0126] In some other cases, we will continue to combine references. Figure 12 and Figure 20 or in conjunction with references Figure 14 and Figure 20 The second connection structure 105 electrically connects the second bus electrode 102b of two adjacent battery strings 103 to achieve parallel connection of the two adjacent battery strings 103.

[0127] It should be noted that within the same photovoltaic module, a portion of the cell strings 103 can be connected in parallel, while another portion can be connected in series. This allows for the creation of multiple current transmission paths within the photovoltaic module, which helps improve the module's resistance to hot spots while ensuring high output power. Therefore, the second connection structure 105 can be used to achieve both series connection and parallel connection of two adjacent cell strings 103.

[0128] Furthermore, when the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with a main grid, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be a cell with a main grid on both sides or a cell with a main grid on one side.

[0129] In some cases, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 When the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with a main grid on both sides, such as a TOPcon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell, the photovoltaic cell 100 includes a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 has a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102 that are opposite each other along the third direction Z. A first bus electrode 102a is disposed on the first surface side 1101 and is parallel to the short side of the rectangular shape. A second bus electrode 102b is disposed on the second surface side 1102 and is parallel to the short side of the rectangular shape.

[0130] It should be noted that multiple photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structure 104. Figure 11 and Figure 12This illustration only depicts one possible positional relationship between photovoltaic cells 100, where the current collector electrodes of the photovoltaic cells 100 with the same polarity are arranged in the same direction, or in other words, the first surface side 1101 of each photovoltaic cell 100 with a first current collector electrode 111 is arranged facing the same side. Thus, the first connection structure 104 connects different sides of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 respectively. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be arranged with current collector electrodes of different polarities facing the same side, i.e., the current collector electrodes of multiple adjacent photovoltaic cells located on the same side are arranged in the order of first current collector electrode, second current collector electrode, and first current collector electrode again. In this case, the first connection structure connects the same side of two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

[0131] In other cases, in conjunction with references Figure 5 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with a main grid on one side, such as a BC cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 includes a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 has a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102 opposite to each other along the third direction Z. The first bus electrode 102a and the second bus electrode 102b are both disposed on the second surface side 1102 and are both parallel to the short side of the rectangular shape. Along the second direction Y, the first bus electrode 102a and the second bus electrode 102b are arranged alternately.

[0132] Among them, BC cells include, but are not limited to, IBC cells (Interdigitated Back Contact, cross-linked back contact cells), HBC cells (Heterojunction Back Contact, heterojunction back contact cells), TBC cells (TOPCon Back Contact, cross-passivated back contact cells), or HTBC cells. HTBC cells are heterojunction tunnel oxide passivated contact hybrid passivated back contact photovoltaic cells (abbreviated as HTBC).

[0133] It should be noted that multiple photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structure 104. Figure 13 and Figure 14This illustration only shows one positional relationship between the photovoltaic cells 100, where the side of each photovoltaic cell 100 with the grid lines 101 is arranged facing the same side, so that the first connecting structure 104 connects the same side of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 respectively. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells may also be located on different sides according to the grid lines of two adjacent photovoltaic cells, in which case the first connecting structure connects two adjacent photovoltaic cells on different sides.

[0134] Furthermore, in all the above scenarios, the main gate includes a first bus electrode 102a and a second bus electrode 102b.

[0135] In some embodiments, reference Figure 12 or Figure 14 The encapsulating film 41 includes a first encapsulating layer and a second encapsulating layer. The first encapsulating layer covers one of the front or back sides of the photovoltaic cell 100, and the second encapsulating layer covers the other of the front or back sides of the photovoltaic cell 100. Specifically, at least one of the first encapsulating layer or the second encapsulating layer can be an organic encapsulating film such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, polyvinyl octene coelastomer (POE) film, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Alternatively, at least one of the first encapsulating layer or the second encapsulating layer can also be an EP film, EPE film, or PVP film. Among them, EP film refers to a co-extruded film composed of stacked EVA film and POE film; EPE film refers to a co-extruded film formed by sequentially stacking EVA film, POE film, and EVA film; and PVP film refers to a co-extruded film formed by stacking POE film, EVA film, and POE film. Co-extruded films can be prepared by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another pre-made film during the film processing, or by bonding different types of pre-made films together.

[0136] In some cases, the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer still have a boundary line before lamination. After lamination, the photovoltaic module will no longer have the concept of a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer. That is, the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer have formed an integral encapsulation film 41.

[0137] In some embodiments, the cover plate 42 can be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other cover plate with light-transmitting function. Specifically, the surface of the cover plate 42 facing the encapsulating film 41 can be an uneven surface or a textured surface containing multiple raised structures, thereby increasing the utilization rate of incident light. The cover plate 42 includes a first cover plate and a second cover plate, the first cover plate being opposite to the first encapsulation layer, and the second cover plate being opposite to the second encapsulation layer.

[0138] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 1 to 22 The cases in which the first direction X and the second direction Y intersect include: the first direction X and the second direction Y are orthogonal, or the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y is an obtuse angle, or the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y is an acute angle.

[0139] In some cases, the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y can be 45° to 90°, for example, it can be 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80° or 85°, etc.

[0140] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figures 1 to 22 The third direction Z is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this disclosure, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this disclosure; therefore, the scope of protection of the embodiments of this disclosure should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell, characterized in that, include: A battery substrate has two opposing surface sides, at least one of the surface sides including an edge region opposite to each other along a first direction, and a central region located between the two edge regions; A plurality of grid lines are spaced apart along the first direction and located on at least one of the surface sides, the grid lines extending along the second direction; The edge line located on the edge region; The centerline located on the central area; Wherein, the edge line is in contact with at least one of the gate lines, and the center line is in contact with at least one of the gate lines; along the second direction, the width of the edge line is greater than the width of the center line, and the first direction and the second direction intersect each other; The reinforcement is located on the side of the edge line away from the battery substrate.

2. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing part includes: a first part extending along the second direction and a second part extending along the first direction, wherein the two opposite ends of the first part along the second direction are respectively contacted and connected to the second part.

3. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The number of the reinforcing parts that are in contact with and connected to a single edge line is multiple, and the multiple reinforcing parts located on the same edge line are arranged at intervals; Among them, the orthographic projection areas of multiple reinforcing parts located on the same edge line on the battery substrate are the same, or, along the direction from the center area to the edge area, the orthographic projection areas of multiple reinforcing parts on the surface side gradually decrease.

4. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An edge pad is located on the side of the edge region closer to the center region. The edge pad is connected to the center line along the side of the first direction closer to the center region, and the edge pad is connected to the edge line along the side of the first direction away from the center region. Wherein, the orthogonal projection area of ​​the edge pad on the surface side is greater than the orthogonal projection area of ​​the reinforcement on the surface side.

5. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A plurality of auxiliary pads are arranged at intervals along a first direction Y, wherein the auxiliary pads are located between two opposite edge pads along the first direction, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the auxiliary pads on the surface side is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the edge pads on the surface side.

6. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orthographic projection area of ​​the reinforcement on the surface side is less than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the auxiliary pad on the surface side.

7. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A plurality of solder joints are spaced apart along the first direction, the solder joints being located between two adjacent auxiliary pads along the first direction, and each solder joint is in contact with a single gate line.

8. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The weld joint includes a weld line extending along the second direction and an extension line extending along the first direction, and the weld line is connected to an extension line at its opposite ends along the second direction.

9. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The auxiliary pads include a first auxiliary pad and a second auxiliary pad. The first auxiliary pad is located between the edge pad and the solder joint closest to the edge pad. The second auxiliary pad has solder joints arranged on both sides along the first direction. The orthographic projection area of ​​the first auxiliary pad on the surface side is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the second auxiliary pad on the surface side.

10. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, An edge line is provided on the edge region of one of the two surface sides, and a harpoon portion is provided on the edge region of the other side; wherein, the harpoon portion includes two converging lines whose extension directions intersect, and the first direction, the second direction and the extension direction of the converging lines are located on the same plane and intersect each other; Alternatively, the edge lines are provided on the edge regions of both surface sides.

11. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A battery string, consisting of multiple photovoltaic cells connected as described in any one of claims 1 to 10; An encapsulating film is used to cover the surface of the battery string; A cover plate is used to cover the surface of the encapsulating film that faces away from the battery string.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The photovoltaic cell is rectangular in shape, and the ratio of the shorter side to the longer side of the rectangular cell is 1 / M:

1. The N columns of battery strings are connected in parallel to each other. Each battery string includes multiple photovoltaic cells connected in series along the short side of the rectangular shape. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is less than N. The short side of the rectangular shape is the first direction. The first connection structure enables series connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a single battery string; The second connection structure enables electrical connection between two adjacent battery strings.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The photovoltaic cell is a sliced ​​cell, which is formed by cutting a complete original cell along the length of the original cell. The sliced ​​cell is 1 / S of the original cell, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The photovoltaic cell is rectangular in shape, the length direction of the original cell is the short side direction of the rectangular shape, the width direction of the original cell is the long side direction of the rectangular shape, and the long side direction of the rectangular shape is the second direction.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that, There is an overlap area between two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a single battery string; The photovoltaic module further includes a buffer pad, located at least on the overlapping area, and the width of the buffer pad is greater than the width of the overlapping area along the short side of the rectangular shape.

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that, Four battery strings connected in parallel form a battery string group. Three battery string groups are connected in series along the long side of the rectangular shape. The four battery strings in each battery string group are arranged in an array and connected in parallel along the long side and the short side of the rectangular shape, respectively.

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that, The surface side is provided with a plurality of first bus electrodes and a plurality of second bus electrodes arranged at intervals along the long side of the rectangular shape, the first bus electrodes and the second bus electrodes being parallel to the short side of the rectangular shape; Wherein, the first connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrode of one of two adjacent photovoltaic cells and the second bus electrode of the other; the second connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrode of one of two adjacent battery strings and the second bus electrode of the other, or the second connection structure electrically connects the first bus electrodes of both of the two adjacent battery strings, or the second connection structure electrically connects the second bus electrodes of both of the two adjacent battery strings.

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