A machine tool headstock structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a machine tool spindle box structure, including spindle box, axle sleeve and main shaft, the inner chamber of spindle box is provided with the installation groove of adapting with axle sleeve, the surface of axle sleeve is provided with the locating groove, the inner chamber of spindle box is provided with the locating assembly for positioning to locating groove, the utility model relates to machine tool spindle box technical field. This kind of machine tool spindle box structure has realized the quick accurate positioning and reliable locking of axle sleeve: through the cooperation of guide inclined plane and locating block, can automatic realization circumferential positioning in the insertion process of axle sleeve, reset spring pushes locating block and inserts locating groove and completes preliminary positioning, the hydraulic cylinder drives the extension of the ejector rod, and additional compacting force is applied to the locating block through the connecting rod, forming a double locking mechanism, effectively preventing the axle sleeve from loosening during operation, ensuring the stability of the main shaft system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool spindle box technology, specifically a machine tool spindle box structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machine tool manufacturing and assembly, the spindle box, as a core component of the machine tool, directly affects the machining accuracy and operational stability of the entire machine. In traditional spindle box structures, the assembly of the bushing and the spindle box mostly adopts interference fit or bolt fixing. These assembly methods have obvious drawbacks: First, interference fit requires high machining accuracy, the mating surfaces are easily damaged during assembly, and disassembly and maintenance are extremely inconvenient; second, bolt fixing cannot guarantee the circumferential positioning accuracy of the bushing, and it is prone to loosening under long-term alternating loads, affecting the rotational accuracy of the spindle; third, traditional assembly methods require operators with high skill levels and have low assembly efficiency, making them difficult to adapt to the needs of modern mass production.

[0003] Currently, some improved spindle box structures employ simple positioning methods such as spring locating pins. However, these structures often lack a reliable locking mechanism, and there is still a risk of insecure positioning when the spindle is running at high speed. Furthermore, existing technologies lack an effective solution for axial limiting of the bushings, resulting in insufficient stability of the spindle system under axial loads. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a spindle box structure that can achieve rapid and accurate positioning, reliable locking, and effective limiting functions. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a machine tool spindle box structure that solves the aforementioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a machine tool spindle box structure, comprising a spindle box, a bushing, and a spindle, wherein the inner cavity of the spindle box is provided with an installation groove adapted to the bushing, the surface of the bushing is provided with a positioning groove, the inner cavity of the spindle box is provided with a positioning component for positioning the positioning groove, and the surface of the spindle box is provided with a limiting mechanism for limiting the end of the spindle. The positioning assembly includes a push rod that is slidably mounted inside the spindle box via a hydraulic cylinder. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod, and a return spring is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod. One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to a positioning block adapted to a positioning groove. An inclined guide slope is provided on the surface of the bushing. During use, the bushing is installed by inserting it into the spindle box. The guide slope presses against the positioning block, causing it to compress the return spring and contract. The bushing continues to move downwards until it aligns with the positioning groove. Pushed by the return spring, the bushing is inserted into the positioning groove. Then, the hydraulic cylinder drives the push rod to extend and press against the side of the positioning block, positioning the bushing and completing the installation.

[0006] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the length of the return spring in its relaxed state is twice that of the connecting rod.

[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a positioning hole adapted to the connecting rod is provided on one side of the positioning block, so that the force is more accurately applied through the positioning hole and there will be no left or right deviation.

[0008] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the limiting mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic cylinder fixed on the surface of the spindle box, and a pressure plate is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod of the rotary hydraulic cylinder. The pressure plate is driven to rotate by the rotary hydraulic cylinder and squeezed against the outside of the bushing for positioning.

[0009] As a further embodiment of this utility model: multiple positioning components are provided, and they are evenly arranged around the positioning groove in the inner cavity of the spindle box.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Achieves rapid and accurate positioning and reliable locking of the bushing: Through the cooperation of the guide slope and the positioning block, the bushing can automatically achieve circumferential positioning during insertion. The return spring pushes the positioning block into the positioning groove to complete the initial positioning. The hydraulic cylinder drives the push rod to extend, and applies additional clamping force to the positioning block through the connecting rod, forming a double locking mechanism, which effectively prevents the bushing from loosening during operation and ensures the stability of the spindle system.

[0011] 2. Improved assembly efficiency and reliability: The positioning components use multiple positioning points arranged in a ring to ensure the uniformity of force on the bushing; the limiting mechanism uses a rotating hydraulic cylinder to drive the pressure plate to limit the end of the spindle, effectively controlling axial movement; the entire assembly process is semi-automated, reducing the skill requirements for operators and significantly improving assembly efficiency.

[0012] 3. Reasonable structural design and convenient maintenance: The length of the return spring has been optimized to ensure sufficient preload reserve; the positioning block is equipped with positioning holes that match the connecting rod to ensure the accuracy of the force direction; when the bushing needs to be replaced or repaired, it can be easily disassembled by simply releasing the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the limiting mechanism, which greatly reduces maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a partial sectional view of the structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This utility model Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This utility model Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Spindle box; 2. Bushing; 3. Spindle; 4. Guide slope; 5. Positioning groove; 6. Rotary hydraulic cylinder; 7. Pressure plate; 8. Push rod; 9. Return spring; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Positioning block. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended utility model purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0016] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution: a machine tool spindle box structure, including a spindle box 1, a bushing 2 and a spindle 3. The inner cavity of the spindle box 1 is provided with an installation groove that matches the bushing 2. The surface of the bushing 2 is provided with a positioning groove 5. The inner cavity of the spindle box 1 is provided with a positioning component for positioning the positioning groove 5. The surface of the spindle box 1 is provided with a limiting mechanism for limiting the end of the spindle 3. The positioning assembly includes a push rod 8 that is slidably mounted inside the spindle box 1 via a hydraulic cylinder. A connecting rod 10 is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod 8. A return spring 9 is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod 10. A positioning block 11 that matches the positioning groove 5 is fixedly connected to one end of the return spring 9. An inclined guide slope 4 is provided on the surface of the bushing 2. When in use, the bushing 2 is installed by inserting it into the spindle box 1. At this time, the positioning block 11 is squeezed by the guide slope 4, causing it to compress the return spring 9 and contract. Then, it continues to move downward, aligning the positioning block 11 with the positioning groove 5. Under the push of the return spring 9, it is inserted into the positioning groove 5. Then, the hydraulic cylinder drives the push rod 8 to extend and squeeze the return spring 9. The end of the push rod abuts against the side of the positioning block 11 to position the bushing 2, thus completing the installation.

[0017] The length of the return spring 9 in its relaxed state is twice that of the connecting rod 10.

[0018] The positioning block 11 has a positioning hole on one side that is compatible with the connecting rod 10. The force is applied through the positioning hole more accurately and will not cause left or right deviation.

[0019] The limiting mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic cylinder 6 fixed on the surface of the spindle box 1. One end of the piston rod of the rotary hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to a pressure plate 7. The pressure plate 7 is driven to rotate by the rotary hydraulic cylinder 6 and pressed against the outside of the bushing 2 for positioning.

[0020] Multiple positioning components are provided and are evenly arranged around the positioning groove 5 in the inner cavity of the spindle box 1.

[0021] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When assembling the bushing 2, the bushing 2 is first slowly inserted into the mounting groove of the inner cavity of the spindle box 1. During the insertion process, the guide slope 4 on the surface of the bushing 2 first contacts the positioning block 11. As the bushing 2 continues to advance, the guide slope 4 generates a radial thrust on the positioning block 11, forcing the positioning block 11 to compress the return spring 9 and move backward along the connecting rod 10.

[0022] When the bushing 2 is advanced to the predetermined position, the positioning block 11 automatically springs into the positioning groove 5 on the surface of the bushing 2 under the restoring force of the return spring 9, completing the initial circumferential positioning of the bushing 2. At this time, the hydraulic system is activated, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the push rod 8 to extend forward. The push rod 8 pushes the connecting rod 10 and the return spring 9 forward as a whole, so that the positioning block 11 is subjected to additional axial pressure, thereby firmly pressing it into the positioning groove 5, forming a reliable mechanical lock.

[0023] Simultaneously, the limiting mechanism activates, with the rotary hydraulic cylinder 6 driving the pressure plate 7 to rotate above the end of the spindle 3 and applying appropriate pressure to precisely limit the axial position of the spindle 3, preventing axial movement during operation. Through the coordinated action of the positioning components and the limiting mechanism, the stability and accuracy of the spindle system are ensured during high-speed operation.

[0024] When it is necessary to remove the bushing 2, first release the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder to retract the push rod 8, and then operate the rotating hydraulic cylinder 6 to disengage the pressure plate 7 from the end of the main shaft 3, so that the bushing 2 can be removed from the main shaft box 1.

[0025] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A machine tool spindle box structure, comprising a spindle box (1), a bushing (2), and a spindle (3), characterized in that: The spindle box (1) has an inner cavity with an installation groove that fits the bushing (2), the bushing (2) has a positioning groove (5) on its surface, the spindle box (1) has an inner cavity with a positioning component for positioning the positioning groove (5), and the spindle box (1) has a surface with a limiting mechanism for limiting the end of the spindle (3). The positioning assembly includes a push rod (8) that is slidably driven by a hydraulic cylinder in the inner cavity of the spindle box (1). The end of the push rod (8) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (10). A return spring (9) is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod (10). One end of the return spring (9) is fixedly connected to a positioning block (11) that is adapted to the positioning groove (5). An inclined guide slope (4) is opened on the surface of the bushing (2).

2. The machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the return spring (9) in its relaxed state is twice that of the connecting rod (10).

3. The machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning block (11) has a positioning hole on one side that is adapted to the connecting rod (10).

4. The machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic cylinder (6) fixed on the surface of the spindle box (1), and a pressure plate (7) is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod of the rotary hydraulic cylinder (6).

5. The machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple positioning components are provided and are evenly arranged around the positioning groove (5) in the inner cavity of the spindle box (1).

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