Rotary shaft brake structure of five-axis rotary table

Abstract

The application relates to a rotating shaft brake structure of a five-axis rotary table, which comprises a rotary table bearing seat, a seat body, a stator and a rotor, the inner front end of the seat body is provided with a rotating shaft connected with the rotor, the front end surface of the seat body is provided with a mounting groove, a brake body is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove, the rear end of the brake body is provided with a stepped hole, the outer part of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a brake pad matched with the stepped surface of the stepped hole, the stepped hole is provided with a brake piston matched with the rear end surface of the brake pad, the inner part of the seat body is provided with a brake brake air channel, and the inner parts of the seat body and the brake body are provided with brake release air channels. The application belongs to the technical field of machining centers, the axial integration of the brake structure is realized in the seat body of the bearing seat, the overall structure is very compact, the radial dimension of the rotary table is reduced, the quick response and accurate separation of the brake action are realized through double-air-path control, and the dragging problem caused by the traditional spring release is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining center technology, and in particular to a rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis rotary table. Background Technology

[0002] Five-axis CNC machine tools are key equipment for machining complex curved surface parts, and one of their core components is the five-axis rotary table. The rotary table's rotation axes need to have high-precision positioning and stable locking capabilities to ensure that they do not shift when subjected to cutting forces during machining, thereby guaranteeing machining accuracy.

[0003] Existing turntable braking structures typically suffer from the following problems: complex structure and large space occupation; unbalanced braking force and release force; traditional single-air-circuit braking structures may rely on mechanical springs for release, resulting in slow response speed, and spring fatigue after long-term use may lead to incomplete release, causing dragging and affecting rotational accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a five-axis rotary table brake structure that is compact, responsive, and provides precise and reliable braking and releasing actions. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a rotary axis braking structure for a five-axis turntable, and its specific technical solution is as follows.

[0006] A rotary shaft brake structure for a five-axis rotary table includes a rotary table bearing housing. A stator and a rotor are located at the rear end of the housing. A rotary shaft connected to the rotor is located at the front end of the housing. A mounting groove is formed on the front end face of the housing. A brake body, sleeved on the outside of the rotary shaft, is fixedly mounted in the mounting groove. A stepped hole is formed at the rear end of the brake body. A brake pad, adapted to the stepped surface of the stepped hole, is fixedly mounted on the outside of the rotary shaft. A brake piston, adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad, is located in the stepped hole. A brake air passage is provided inside the housing. The outlet of the brake air passage is adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston. A brake release air passage is provided inside the housing and the brake body. The outlet of the brake release air passage is adapted to the front end face of the brake piston.

[0007] Furthermore, the brake air passage includes a first axial air hole provided at the rear end edge of the seat body, a first radial air hole provided at the front end of the side of the seat body and communicating with the first axial air hole, and a second axial air hole provided at the bottom of the mounting groove and communicating with the first radial air hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the stepped hole is provided with a first inner step and a second inner step, the brake piston is provided with a first outer step that is adapted to the step surface of the first inner step, and the step surface of the second inner step is adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad.

[0009] Furthermore, the air outlet of the brake release air passage is located on the step surface of the first-stage inner step.

[0010] Furthermore, the brake release air passage includes a third axial air hole that communicates with the mounting groove and is located at the edge of the rear end face of the seat; a fourth axial air hole that communicates with the third axial air hole and is located at the rear end face of the brake body; a second radial air hole that communicates with the third axial air hole and is located on the side of the brake body; and a fifth axial air hole that communicates with the second radial air hole and is located on the step surface of the first inner step.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the mounting groove is provided with a positioning groove, and a fixed shaft is provided in the positioning groove. A disc spring adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston is provided on the fixed shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, a guide groove adapted to the fixed shaft is provided on the rear end face of the brake piston.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: The rotary axis braking structure of this utility model for a five-axis rotary table integrates the axial braking structure into the bearing housing, making the overall structure very compact and reducing the radial dimension of the rotary table. Through the control of the braking air circuit and the release air circuit, it achieves rapid response and precise separation of the braking action, avoiding the dragging problem that may be caused by the release of traditional springs. It greatly saves installation space and is conducive to the modular and compact design of machine tools. The dual pneumatic control has a fast response speed, large and stable braking force, and complete release without dragging torque, ensuring the rotational precision of the rotary axis in the non-braking state. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural front view of the rotating shaft brake structure of the five-axis turntable of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of the rotating shaft brake structure of the five-axis turntable of this utility model; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view along the DD direction; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view in the middle EE direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the structure in the FF direction.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Turntable bearing housing; 2. Base body; 3. Stator; 4. Rotor; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Mounting groove; 7. Brake body; 8. Stepped hole; 9. Brake pad; 10. Brake piston; 11. Brake air passage; 12. Brake release air passage; 13. First axial air hole; 14. First radial air hole; 15. Second axial air hole; 16. Third axial air hole; 17. Fourth axial air hole; 18. Second radial air hole; 19. Fifth axial air hole; 20. Positioning groove; 21. Fixed shaft; 22. Disc spring; 23. Guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below based on its overall structure.

[0019] Reference Figures 1-5As shown, this embodiment provides a rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable, including a turntable bearing housing 1. The rear end of the housing 2 of the turntable bearing housing 1 is provided with a stator 3 and a rotor 4. The front end of the housing 2 of the turntable bearing housing 1 is provided with a rotary shaft 5 connected to the rotor 4. A mounting groove 6 is formed on the front end face of the housing 2. A brake body 7, sleeved on the outside of the rotary shaft 5, is fixedly mounted in the mounting groove 6. A stepped hole 8 is provided at the rear end of the brake body 7. A brake shaft 5 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the stepped hole 8. The brake pad 9 is adapted to the stepped surface, and a brake piston 10 adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad 9 is provided in the stepped hole 8. The seat 2 is provided with a brake air passage 11, the outlet of which is adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston 10, and the output compressed gas can squeeze the rear end face of the brake piston 10. The seat 2 and the brake body 7 are provided with a brake release air passage 12, the outlet of which is adapted to the front end face of the brake piston 10. In the rotary shaft brake structure of the five-axis turntable of this utility model, the brake structure mainly consists of a brake body 7 sleeved on the outside of the rotary shaft 5, a brake pad 9 fixed on the rotary shaft 5, and a brake piston 10 placed in the stepped hole 8 of the brake body 7. By setting independent brake air passages 11 and brake release air passages 12, which act on the rear end face and front end face of the brake piston 10 respectively, precise control of the braking force is achieved.

[0020] When braking is required, compressed gas is introduced into the rear end face of the brake piston 10 through the brake air passage 11. The gas pressure pushes the brake piston 10 forward, pressing its front friction surface tightly onto the brake pad 9. The brake pad 9 on the rotating shaft 5 rubs against the brake body 7 and the brake piston 10, restricting the rotation of the rotating shaft 5, and braking is achieved through friction.

[0021] Brake release: When it is necessary to release the brake, the brake air circuit is cut off, and compressed gas is introduced into the front end face of the brake piston 10 through the brake release air passage 12. The gas pressure acts on the front end of the brake piston 10, pushing it to move backward, thereby separating it from the brake pads 9 and releasing the brake. At the same time, the rotating shaft 5 can rotate freely.

[0022] The rotary axis braking structure of this utility model for a five-axis rotary table integrates the axial direction of the braking structure within the seat 2 of the bearing housing 1, making the overall structure very compact and reducing the radial dimension of the rotary table. Through dual-pneumatic control of the braking and release air circuits, it achieves rapid response and precise separation of the braking action, avoiding the dragging problem that may occur with traditional spring release. It greatly saves installation space and is conducive to the modular and compact design of machine tools. The dual pneumatic control provides fast response, large and stable braking force, and complete release without dragging torque, ensuring precise rotation of the rotary axis in the non-braking state. The friction pair design between the brake pads 9 and the brake piston 10 facilitates replacement and maintenance after wear.

[0023] Specifically, refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the brake air passage 11 includes a first axial air hole 13 formed at the rear end edge of the seat 2, a first radial air hole 14 formed at the front end of the side of the seat 2 communicating with the first axial air hole 13, and a second axial air hole 15 formed at the bottom of the mounting groove 6 communicating with the first radial air hole 14. In this embodiment, the specific path of the brake air passage 11 is formed by connecting three segments: the first axial air hole 13, the first radial air hole 14, and the second axial air hole 15, extending from the rear end of the seat 2 to the bottom of the mounting groove 6. A pressure relief valve can be installed at the opening of the first radial air hole 14 for protection. Compressed gas enters from the rear end of the seat 2, flows sequentially through axial, radial, and then axial channels, and finally reaches the rear chamber of the brake piston 10. The air path layout is optimized to avoid interference between the air path and other internal components, making the air path connection more reasonable and concealed. This allows the external air source interface to be placed in an inconspicuous position at the rear or side of the base, maintaining the clean appearance of the equipment while ensuring unobstructed air passage and reliable sealing.

[0024] Specifically, refer to Figures 3-5 The stepped hole 8 has a first-level inner step and a second-level inner step. The brake piston 10 has a first outer step that adapts to the step surface of the first-level inner step. The step surface of the second-level inner step adapts to the rear end face of the brake pad 9. The air outlet of the brake release air passage 12 is located on the step surface of the first-level inner step. In this embodiment, the stepped hole 8 has two inner steps, a first-level and a second-level. The brake piston 10 is limited and guided by its first outer step cooperating with the first-level inner step. The second-level inner step is used to adapt to the brake pad 9. At the same time, the air outlet of the brake release air passage 12 is located on the step surface of the first-level inner step.

[0025] The stepped bore structure provides a precise mounting and movement track for the brake piston 10. The gas released from the release air passage is ejected directly from the outlet on the first stepped surface, acting on the annular area of ​​the front end of the brake piston 10, corresponding to the first outer step. The stepped bore achieves precise positioning and guidance of the brake piston, ensuring smooth movement without deviation. Setting the outlet of the release air passage in the optimal position ensures that the gas pressure acts most effectively on the brake piston, allowing it to retract quickly and smoothly.

[0026] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the brake release air passage 12 includes a third axial air hole 16 on the rear end edge of the seat 2, communicating with the mounting groove 6; a fourth axial air hole 17 on the rear end face of the brake body 7, communicating with the third axial air hole 16; a second radial air hole 18 on the side of the brake body 7, communicating with the third axial air hole 16; and a fifth axial air hole 19 on the step surface of the first-stage inner step, communicating with the second radial air hole 18. The outer end of the second radial air hole 18 is blocked. In this embodiment, the specific path of the brake release air passage 12 is formed by connecting four segments: the third axial air hole 16, the fourth axial air hole 17, the second radial air hole 18, and the fifth axial air hole 19. It passes through the rear end of the seat 2, through the brake body 7, and finally reaches the first-stage inner step surface. Compressed gas enters from the rear end of the seat, passes through the mating axial holes, then changes direction through the radial holes, and finally reaches the designated position through the axial holes on the step surface.

[0027] The release air path is designed independently and does not interfere with the braking air path, enabling independent control of the two air paths. This achieves complete decoupling of the braking and release functions, resulting in clear and reliable control logic.

[0028] Specifically, refer to Figure 3-5As shown, the bottom of the mounting groove 6 is provided with a positioning groove 20, and a fixed shaft 21 is provided in the positioning groove 20. A butterfly spring 22 adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston 10 is provided on the fixed shaft 21. A guide groove 23 adapted to the fixed shaft 21 is provided on the rear end face of the brake piston 10. In this embodiment, the butterfly spring 22 is in an uncompressed state, providing a flexible preload, and always applying a slight forward pressure to the brake piston 10. This ensures that the brake piston 10 and the brake pad 9 remain in contact without compressed gas. Without any gas input, the rotating shaft 5 is not easily rotated, thus preventing the turntable connected to the rotating shaft 5 from easily shaking. The annular guide groove 26 and the fixed shaft 21 constitute an auxiliary guide mechanism, providing additional guidance and support to prevent the brake piston from tilting under the action of high-pressure gas, further improving the stability of movement. Through the dual guide design, namely the stepped hole guide and the guide between the fixed shaft and the guide groove, the movement of the brake piston is extremely smooth, with strong resistance to off-center load, low wear, and long service life.

[0029] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0030] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rotary shaft brake structure for a five-axis turntable, comprising a turntable bearing housing (1), wherein a stator (3) and a rotor (4) are provided at the rear end of the housing body (2) of the turntable bearing housing (1), and a rotary shaft (5) connected to the rotor (4) is provided at the front end of the housing body (2) of the turntable bearing housing (1), characterized in that, The front end face of the seat (2) is provided with a mounting groove (6), and a brake body (7) sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (5) is fixedly provided in the mounting groove (6). The rear end of the brake body (7) is provided with a stepped hole (8). A brake pad (9) adapted to the stepped surface of the stepped hole (8) is fixedly provided on the outside of the rotating shaft (5). A brake piston (10) adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad (9) is provided in the stepped hole (8). The inside of the seat (2) is provided with a brake air passage (11). The air outlet of the brake air passage (11) can be adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston (10). The inside of the seat (2) and the brake body (7) is provided with a brake release air passage (12). The air outlet of the brake release air passage (12) can be adapted to the front end face of the brake piston (10).

2. The rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brake air passage (11) includes a first axial air hole (13) opened at the rear end edge of the seat (2), a first radial air hole (14) opened at the front end of the side of the seat (2) and communicating with the first axial air hole (13), and a second axial air hole (15) opened at the bottom of the mounting groove (6) and communicating with the first radial air hole (14).

3. A rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The stepped hole (8) is provided with a first-level inner step and a second-level inner step. The brake piston (10) is provided with a first outer step that is adapted to the step surface of the first-level inner step. The step surface of the second-level inner step is adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad (9).

4. The rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air outlet of the brake release air passage (12) is located on the step surface of the first-stage inner step.

5. The rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable according to claim 4, characterized in that, The brake release air passage (12) includes a third axial air hole (16) that is opened at the rear end edge of the seat (2) and communicates with the mounting groove (6), a fourth axial air hole (17) that is opened at the rear end face of the brake body (7) and communicates with the third axial air hole (16), a second radial air hole (18) that is opened on the side of the brake body (7) and communicates with the third axial air hole (16), and a fifth axial air hole (19) that is opened on the step surface of the first inner step and communicates with the second radial air hole (18).

6. The rotary axis brake structure of a five-axis turntable according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the mounting groove (6) is provided with a positioning groove (20), and a fixed shaft (21) is provided in the positioning groove (20). A butterfly spring (22) adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston (10) is provided on the fixed shaft (21).

7. The rotary axis brake structure for a five-axis turntable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rear end face of the brake piston (10) is provided with a guide groove (23) that is adapted to the fixed shaft (21).

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