A polishing device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of grinding and polishing device.The grinding and polishing device includes pedestal, longitudinal polishing mechanism, sample clamping mechanism, sand belt disc support and controller being arranged on the pedestal;The longitudinal polishing mechanism includes cross slide capable of outputting X, Y direction movement driving force and sand belt fixed support being arranged on the cross slide, the sand belt fixed support is symmetrically provided with two in X direction;The sand belt disc support is close to sand belt fixed support setting;The sample clamping mechanism includes the second connecting plate along Z direction displacement, the second connecting plate is horizontally set, and one end of the second connecting plate is rotatably provided with rotating shaft, the other end of the second connecting plate is provided with fixed seat, the rotating shaft and fixed seat form the clamping cavity for clamping sample between, the clamping cavity is adjacent to sand belt fixed support setting.The utility model adopts longitudinal polishing, to adapt to new material experiment standard, realize after clamping can be automatically longitudinal polishing fatigue test sample surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fatigue mechanics testing, and in particular to a grinding and polishing device. Background Technology

[0002] Fatigue testing is a crucial test in materials science and engineering, primarily used to evaluate the durability and failure behavior of materials or structures under cyclic loading. Essentially, it simulates real-world service conditions to quantify a material's resistance to damage. The data directly impacts: (i) safety (e.g., preventing sudden aircraft structural failures); (ii) economics (e.g., extending the replacement cycle of wind turbine gearboxes); and (iii) compliance (e.g., obtaining FAA / EASA certification). In aerospace, energy, and transportation, fatigue performance has become a decisive indicator for material selection and process development.

[0003] Fatigue testing places strict requirements on the preparation of fatigue specimens, including geometric tolerances and surface roughness (Ra≤0.2μm). These data significantly impact the fatigue test results. With advancements in materials science, conventional methods of transverse polishing or other surface treatments for fatigue specimens have been experimentally proven to introduce significant errors: 1. Transverse polishing creates micro-stress concentration points perpendicular to the test direction, leading to premature fatigue crack initiation (experimental data shows a 20-30% reduction in lifespan compared to longitudinal polishing); 2. Variations in the specimen's outer contour dimensions result in inconsistent grinding speeds during polishing, causing irregular polishing textures and large fluctuations in fatigue life test results (±15%); 3. The cross-shear force introduced by transverse polishing leads to substantial residual tensile stress (+80 to +120MPa) on the specimen surface; 4. Difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys are prone to annular embedding of polishing particles during transverse polishing; 5. Transverse polishing or other surface treatments are mostly performed manually, making it difficult to quantify the consistency of the specimen surface and the residual stress introduced during polishing, thus affecting the stability of experimental data.

[0004] Meanwhile, the latest research shows that during the polishing process of fatigue specimens, dry polishing can easily lead to local temperature rise, and some metals will precipitate other phases at high temperatures (such as titanium alloys, which will induce α phase precipitation above 80℃), which reduces fatigue performance and affects experimental results. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a polishing device that uses longitudinal polishing to adapt to new material testing standards and enable automatic longitudinal polishing of fatigue sample surfaces after clamping.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is: a grinding and polishing device, including a base, a longitudinal polishing mechanism disposed at one end of the base in the Y direction, a sample clamping mechanism disposed at the other end of the base in the Y direction, a sanding belt disc bracket disposed on the base, and a controller for driving the longitudinal polishing mechanism and the sample clamping mechanism to move. The longitudinal throwing mechanism includes a cross slide table capable of outputting moving driving force in the X and Y directions, and a sanding belt fixing bracket disposed on the cross slide table. Two sanding belt fixing brackets are symmetrically arranged in the X direction. The sanding belt disc bracket is disposed close to the sanding belt fixing bracket. The sample clamping mechanism includes a second connecting plate that is displaced along the Z direction. The second connecting plate is horizontally arranged, and one end of the second connecting plate is rotatably provided with a rotating shaft. The other end of the second connecting plate is provided with a fixed seat. A clamping cavity for clamping the sample is formed between the rotating shaft and the fixed seat. The clamping cavity is arranged adjacent to the sand belt fixing bracket.

[0007] Preferably, the sanding belt fixing bracket includes a support plate and a frame connected to one side of the support plate. The support plates on the two sanding belt fixing brackets are arranged close to each other. At least one end of the support plate is rotatably provided with a plurality of first rotating cylinders. The frame is provided with a cavity for the sanding belt to pass through.

[0008] Preferably, a third motor is provided on both the upper and lower side walls of the frame, and a second rotating drum is mounted on the motor shaft of the third motor, with the second rotating drum located in the cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the frame is convex, forming cavity A and cavity B. The size of cavity A is larger than the size of cavity B. A third motor is provided on the upper and lower side walls of the frame forming cavity A and cavity B. A second rotating drum is installed on the motor shaft of the third motor and the second rotating drum is located in the cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the cross slide is further provided with a first pressure component, which is located away from the sample clamping mechanism, and the first pressure component is provided with a plurality of rollers that can extend and retract in the Y direction, and the rollers are located close to the sanding belt fixing bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the first pressure component includes a pneumatic valve disposed on the cross slide, and a plurality of cylinders are mounted on the pneumatic valve in the Z direction, with the rotary wheel mounted on the telescopic rod of each cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the cross slide is further provided with a second pressure component, which is located near the sample clamping mechanism, and a roller is rotatably provided on the side of the second pressure component near the clamping cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the second pressure component is connected to the cross slide via a drive mechanism mounted on the cross slide, the drive mechanism being used to drive the second pressure component toward or away from the clamping cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the second pressure component is provided with a thermocouple and a nozzle, the thermocouple being electrically connected to the controller, and the nozzle being positioned toward the clamping cavity.

[0015] Preferably, the sample clamping mechanism includes a third platform extending along the Z direction and capable of outputting Z-direction driving force, and the second connecting plate is slidably disposed on the third platform; a temperature sensor is provided on the third platform.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: I. This utility model is equipped with a longitudinal polishing mechanism to longitudinally polish the sample, which enables the fatigue specimen surface to meet the relevant experimental standards after polishing, satisfy the surface roughness requirements, and improve the accuracy of fatigue mechanical specimen experimental testing. Second, by setting up a pressure component, this utility model can adjust the polishing force, which significantly reduces the stress residue caused by polishing during the polishing process of fatigue specimens. Third, this utility model is equipped with a thermocouple and a temperature sensor, which can monitor the temperature of the sample in real time and control the flow rate of the polishing liquid accordingly, so as to avoid the precipitation of the sample phase due to high temperature and affect the experimental results. IV. This utility model is equipped with a third motor on the first pressure component to drive the sanding belt and realize the function of automatic grinding; Fifth, this utility model provides a nozzle on the second pressure component to spray high-pressure gas to remove residual microparticles from the polishing of the sample surface and avoid contamination. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the grinding and polishing device provided by this utility model from a first-view perspective; Figure 2 A two-dimensional structural diagram of the grinding and polishing device provided by this utility model, with the sanding belt disc support and controller removed; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A front view structural diagram; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A side view structural diagram.

[0018] In the attached diagram: 1. Base; 2. Abrasive belt disc support; 3. Longitudinal throwing mechanism; 31. Cross slide; 311. First connecting plate; 312. First platform; 313. First motor; 314. Second platform; 315. Second motor; 316. Limiter; 32. Abrasive belt fixing bracket; 321. Support plate; 322. Frame; 3221. Cavity; 323. First rotating drum; 324. Third motor; 325. Second rotating drum; 33. First pressure component; 331. Pneumatic valve; 332. Cylinder; 333. Rotating wheel; 34. Second pressure component; 341. Mounting frame; 342. Roller; 343. Third rotating drum; 35. Drive mechanism; 36. Nozzle; 37. Thermocouple; 5. Sample clamping mechanism; 51. Third platform; 52. Second connecting plate; 53. Rotating shaft; 54. Fixed seat; 55. Temperature sensor; 6. Sample. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appearing below only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0020] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the polishing device provided in this embodiment includes a base 1, a sanding belt support 2, a longitudinal polishing mechanism 3, a controller 4, and a sample clamping mechanism 5.

[0021] The base 1 has X and Y directions that are perpendicular to each other on the top projection plane. The sand belt tray support 2, the longitudinal throwing mechanism 3, and the controller 4 are located at one end of the base 1 in the Y direction, and the sample clamping mechanism 5 is located at the other end of the base 1 in the Y direction. The sand belt tray support 2 is used to hold the sand belt.

[0022] The longitudinal throwing mechanism 3 includes a cross slide 31, a sand belt fixing bracket 32, a first pressure component 33, a second pressure component 34, a drive mechanism 35, a nozzle 36, and a thermocouple 37.

[0023] The cross slide 31 includes a first connecting plate 311 bolted to the base 1, a first platform 312 connected to the first connecting plate 311 via a linear guide rail and capable of sliding in the Y direction, a first motor 313 (screw motor) for driving the first platform 312 to slide, a second platform 314 connected to the first platform 312 via a linear guide rail and capable of sliding in the X direction, a second motor 315 (screw motor) for driving the second platform 314 to slide, and a limiter 316 for limiting the sliding limit positions of the first platform 312 and the second platform 314.

[0024] Two abrasive belt fixing brackets 32 are symmetrically arranged in the X direction. Each abrasive belt fixing bracket 32 ​​includes a support plate 321 vertically mounted on the second platform 314 and a frame 322 connected to one side of the support plate 321. The support plates 321 on the two abrasive belt fixing brackets 32 are arranged close to each other. The vertically arranged support plate 321 has multiple first rotating cylinders 323 arranged along the Z direction on the side away from the sample clamping mechanism 5. Alternatively, if needed, first rotating cylinders 323 can be arranged on both sides of the support plate 321 in the Y direction.

[0025] The frame 322 has a cavity 3221 for the sanding belt to pass through. The frame 322 can be a regular rectangle, and a third motor 324 is provided on both its upper and lower side walls. A second rotating drum 325 is mounted on the motor shaft of the third motor 324, and the second rotating drum 325 is located in the cavity 3221.

[0026] The frame 322 can also be convex, so that the cavity 3221 forms cavity A and cavity B. The size of cavity A is larger than the size of cavity B. The upper and lower side walls of the frame 322 forming cavity A and cavity B are provided with a third motor 324. A second rotating drum 325 is installed on the motor shaft of the third motor 324. The second rotating drum 325 is located in the cavity 3221.

[0027] After exiting the belt abrasive disc, the belt rotates around the first rotating drum 323 on one of the belt abrasive fixing brackets 32 before entering the cavity 3221 and rotating around the second rotating drum 325. It can rotate in either cavity A or cavity B as needed. After rotating around the other belt abrasive fixing bracket 32, the belt returns to the belt abrasive disc, thus forming a closed loop. The third motor 324 rotates to drive the belt abrasive rotation, achieving the grinding operation.

[0028] The first pressure component 33 is positioned away from the sample clamping mechanism 5. The first pressure component 33 includes two pneumatic valves 331 mounted on the second platform 314, with each pneumatic valve 331 corresponding to a support plate 321 of one of the two abrasive belt fixing brackets 32. Multiple cylinders 332 are mounted on the Z-direction of each pneumatic valve 331, and a rotating wheel 333 is mounted on the extension rod of each cylinder 332. The multiple rotating wheels 333 correspond to multiple first rotating drums 323. When the cylinder 332 extends along the Y-direction, the rotating wheel 333 and the first rotating drum 323 together clamp the abrasive belt, facilitating its movement. The first rotating drum 323 rotates along the Z-axis, and the rotating wheel 333 rolls along the Z-axis.

[0029] The second pressure component 34 is positioned close to the sample clamping mechanism 5. The second pressure component 34 includes a mounting bracket 341 vertically connected to the second platform 314 via a linear guide rail. A drive mechanism 35 (such as a motor or cylinder) is mounted on the second platform 314 to drive the mounting bracket 341 to move along the Y direction. A roller 342 is rotatably mounted on the side of the mounting bracket 341 closest to the sample clamping mechanism 5, and the roller 342 extends along the Z direction. Multiple third rotating cylinders 343 are respectively provided at both ends of the mounting bracket 341 in the X direction, with the multiple third rotating cylinders 343 on one side arranged along the Z direction. The abrasive belt passes through and adheres to the outer surface of the roller 342. When the second motor 315 is activated to bring the second pressure component 34 close to the sample clamping mechanism 5, the abrasive belt adheres to the sample in the clamping cavity for grinding. Later in the grinding process, depending on the grinding situation, the drive mechanism 35 is activated again to extend the roller 342, allowing the abrasive belt to further approach the sample, thus achieving arbitrary adjustment of the polishing force and reducing residual stress caused by fatigue during the polishing process. The third rotating drum 343 can assist in the operation of the sanding belt.

[0030] The second pressure component 34 is equipped with a nozzle 36, which is supplied with external air. The mounting bracket 341 is equipped with a thermocouple 37, which is electrically connected to the controller 4.

[0031] The sample clamping mechanism 5 includes a third platform 51 extending along the Z-direction and capable of outputting Z-direction driving force. The third platform 51 is equipped with a linear guide rail, a motor, and a lead screw, with a second connecting plate 52 mounted on the lead screw. The second connecting plate 52 is horizontally positioned and displaces along the Z-direction. One end of the second connecting plate 52 is rotatably equipped with a rotating shaft 53, which is driven by a reduction motor, belt, etc. The other end of the second connecting plate 52 is equipped with a fixed seat 54. A clamping cavity for holding the sample 6 is formed between the rotating shaft 53 and the fixed seat 54. A temperature sensor 55 is mounted on the third platform 51, located above the sample 6 in the clamping cavity.

[0032] In use, the cross slide 31 drives the abrasive belt to move in the X and Y directions, while the third platform 51 drives the sample 6 to move and rotate in the Z direction. Under constant pressure, relative motion occurs, causing the abrasive belt to contact the sample and grind, producing longitudinal texture. If the temperature is too high during polishing, polishing fluid is sprayed onto the sample 6 to cool it down; this is existing technology and will not be elaborated further. Torque sensors can be installed on the motors of each platform to detect the torque output of the motors, ensuring constant friction during longitudinal polishing. The temperature sensor 55 monitors the temperature of the sample 6 during longitudinal polishing; if the temperature exceeds a set value, the nozzle for spraying polishing fluid is activated or the flow rate of the polishing fluid is increased to cool the sample 6.

[0033] The controller 4 controls the displacement of each platform and is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 55 and the torque sensor, respectively.

[0034] During operation, sample 6 is clamped in the clamping cavity. After inputting the surface contour data of sample 6 requiring longitudinal polishing via controller 4, the cross slide 31 and the third platform 51 are activated. Once the abrasive belt contacts sample 6, the rotating shaft 53 is activated to rotate, causing relative motion between the abrasive belt and sample 6. After the abrasive belt completes one revolution, the nozzle 36 is activated to spray high-pressure gas to clean the surface of sample 6. The abrasive belt is then restarted to continue polishing until all polishing is completed.

[0035] After clamping the sample to be longitudinally polished, and with the fatigue sample profile parameters unknown, the friction force is set, and with the cooperation of various motors, cylinders and sensors, the controller 4 performs real-time data analysis and processing to achieve an adaptive working state, thereby achieving the ideal longitudinal polishing effect.

[0036] When the profile parameters of the plate-shaped tensile specimen are known, the side profile parameters of the specimen can be input into controller 4, and the equipment will run along this route to achieve automatic longitudinal polishing. At this time, the sensor plays a detection role to prevent sudden equipment malfunctions.

[0037] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A polishing device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that, It also includes a longitudinal throwing mechanism (3) located at one end of the Y direction of the base (1), a sample clamping mechanism (5) located at the other end of the Y direction of the base (1), a sand belt disc bracket (2) located on the base (1), and a controller (4) for driving the longitudinal throwing mechanism (3) and the sample clamping mechanism (5) to move. The longitudinal throwing mechanism (3) includes a cross slide (31) capable of outputting driving force for movement in the X and Y directions, and a sanding belt fixing bracket (32) provided on the cross slide (31). Two sanding belt fixing brackets (32) are symmetrically arranged in the X direction. The sanding belt disc bracket (2) is located close to the sanding belt fixing bracket (32). The sample clamping mechanism (5) includes a second connecting plate (52) that is displaced along the Z direction. The second connecting plate (52) is horizontally arranged, and a rotating shaft (53) is rotatably provided at one end of the second connecting plate (52). A fixed seat (54) is provided at the other end of the second connecting plate (52). A clamping cavity for clamping the sample is formed between the rotating shaft (53) and the fixed seat (54). The clamping cavity is arranged adjacent to the sand belt fixing bracket (32).

2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sanding belt fixing bracket (32) includes a support plate (321) and a frame (322) connected to one side of the support plate (321). The support plates (321) on the two sanding belt fixing brackets (32) are arranged close to each other. At least one end of the support plate (321) is rotatably provided with a plurality of first rotating cylinders (323). The frame (322) is provided with a cavity (3221) for the sanding belt to pass through.

3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame (322) is provided with a third motor (324) on both the upper and lower side walls. A second rotating drum (325) is mounted on the motor shaft of the third motor (324). The second rotating drum (325) is located in the cavity (3221).

4. The grinding and polishing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame (322) is convex, so that the cavity (3221) forms cavity A and cavity B. The size of cavity A is larger than the size of cavity B. The upper and lower side walls of the frame (322) forming cavity A and cavity B are provided with a third motor (324). A second rotating drum (325) is installed on the motor shaft of the third motor (324). The second rotating drum (325) is located in the cavity (3221).

5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross slide (31) is also provided with a first pressure component (33), which is located away from the sample clamping mechanism (5). The first pressure component (33) is provided with a plurality of rollers (333) that can extend and retract in the Y direction. The rollers (333) are located close to the sand belt fixing bracket (32).

6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first pressure component (33) includes a pneumatic valve (331) disposed on the cross slide (31), and a plurality of cylinders (332) are mounted on the pneumatic valve (331) in the Z direction, and the rotary wheel (333) is mounted on the telescopic rod of each cylinder (332).

7. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross slide (31) is also provided with a second pressure component (34), which is located near the sample clamping mechanism (5), and a roller (342) is rotatably provided on the side of the second pressure component (34) near the clamping cavity.

8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second pressure component (34) is connected to the cross slide (31) via a drive mechanism (35) mounted on the cross slide (31), the drive mechanism (35) being used to drive the second pressure component (34) toward or away from the clamping cavity.

9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second pressure component (34) is provided with a thermocouple (37) and a nozzle (36). The thermocouple (37) is electrically connected to the controller (4), and the nozzle (36) is positioned toward the clamping cavity.

10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample clamping mechanism (5) includes a third platform (51) that extends along the Z direction and can output Z-direction driving force, and the second connecting plate (52) is slidably disposed on the third platform (51); a temperature sensor (55) is provided on the third platform (51).

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