Hydraulic floating locking device

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical clamp technical field discloses hydraulic floating locking device, including fixed base, multiple groups of symmetrical setting piston, the locking plate between piston and the end cover for closing, the device is also provided with oil hole one, oil hole two and the key oil hole three, oil hole one is linked with upper piston cavity, oil hole two is linked with lower piston cavity, and oil hole three is as internal communication oil circuit, and all upper and lower piston cavities are mutually connected through oil hole one and oil hole two, and this communication structure places all the back of piston under the same pressure system. The utility model discloses through the ingenious oil circuit design to realize the automatic balance of force in pure hydraulic mode, can actively compensate the problem that each locking point initial gap is not one because of machining or installation error, thoroughly solves the defect that the traditional device locking force is uneven and produces partial load force, not only simple and compact structure, reduces the manufacturing cost, more significantly improves locking stability and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical clamping technology, and in particular to a hydraulic floating locking device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, especially in the design and application of tooling fixtures, locking devices are key components used for positioning and clamping workpieces. Their performance directly affects the final machining accuracy and production efficiency. For large or irregularly shaped workpieces, multiple locking points need to be set to ensure the stability of the workpiece during the machining process. Using a hydraulically driven multi-piston cylinder assembly to lock multiple locking points simultaneously is a common technical solution because the hydraulic system can provide strong locking force and is easy to automate.

[0003] In practical applications, due to the form and position tolerances of the workpiece itself, the manufacturing errors of the fixture, and the cumulative errors generated during installation, the initial clearance between the end faces of each hydraulic piston and the workpiece surface to be locked will be inconsistent. When a traditional parallel hydraulic circuit is used to supply oil to such a multi-point locking system, the piston with the smallest clearance will contact and press the workpiece first. Once a piston contacts the workpiece and forms a rigid support, the pressure of the entire hydraulic system will be built up rapidly. This pressure will act indiscriminately on all pistons, which means that the piston that contacts first bears most of the locking force. Even if other pistons with clearance move into place later, they will only be in contact with the workpiece or bear very little pressure. Ultimately, a very uneven distribution of locking force is formed on the workpiece. This uneven force distribution will generate additional bending moment or torque inside the workpiece, that is, form an off-center load. The off-center load will cause elastic deformation or even plastic deformation of the workpiece, which will seriously damage the positioning reference of the workpiece, directly leading to a decrease in machining dimensions and shape accuracy, and reducing the reliability of the entire locking system.

[0004] Therefore, this utility model proposes a hydraulic floating locking device to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the hydraulic multi-point locking device, such as uneven force on each locking point due to processing or installation errors, which easily generates eccentric load on the workpiece, and the fact that the compensation structure used to solve this problem is usually complicated and has low reliability, this utility model aims to provide a hydraulic floating locking device with an improved structure that can effectively solve the above problems.

[0006] This utility model provides a hydraulic floating locking device, including: a fixed seat, a piston, a locking plate, an end cap, and oil hole one, oil hole two, and oil hole three.

[0007] Among them, oil hole three is an internal connecting oil passage.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixed seat has multiple sets of symmetrical cylindrical cavities along opposite directions. The piston is movably housed in the cylindrical cavity. The locking plate is located in the fixed seat and between the cylindrical cavities. The end cap is used to close the end of the cylindrical cavity away from the locking plate. Oil hole one is connected to the cylindrical cavity facing the locking plate, oil hole two is connected to the cylindrical cavity facing the other side of the locking plate, and oil hole three connects all the cylindrical cavities in series through oil hole one and oil hole two, thus forming a connected structure in which the backs of all pistons are placed under the same pressure system.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing seat is a block-shaped body with a through groove in the center for accommodating the locking plate. The piston is divided into an upper piston group and a lower piston group, which extend from the upper and lower sides of the through groove to abut against the opposite surfaces of the locking plate.

[0010] Preferably, the end cap facing the piston has a cylindrical structure with a smaller diameter, and a gap for the flow of hydraulic oil is formed between the cylindrical structure and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity.

[0011] Preferably, an O-ring is installed on the outer periphery of the piston.

[0012] Preferably, an O-ring is installed on the contact surface between the end cap and the cylindrical cavity.

[0013] Preferably, oil hole one and oil hole two are connected to an external hydraulic power source via a tee connector.

[0014] Preferably, the oil hole three is a series of channels integrally machined inside the fixed seat, and the series of channels connect all the piston mounting holes in series.

[0015] Preferably, the gap connects the oil hole three with the pressure-bearing space on the back of the piston.

[0016] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model solves the problem in the prior art of multi-point locking devices where the initial gaps of each locking point are different due to processing or installation errors, resulting in uneven locking force and eccentric load on the workpiece. By setting up an internal connecting oil circuit that connects all the upper and lower piston cavities in series and bears pressure uniformly, it achieves automatic compensation of gap errors, realizes equal ejection force of all pistons, thereby eliminating eccentric load and improving the adaptability and locking reliability of the device.

[0017] 2. This utility model achieves automatic force balance by integrally machining a hydraulic oil circuit connecting all piston cavities inside the fixed seat, using pure hydraulic means. This solves the problem that existing technologies often require complex mechanical compensation structures such as floating pressure plates, levers, or spring groups to achieve similar functions, resulting in complex device structures, many parts, and low reliability. This invention achieves a simple and compact structure without the need for additional mechanical compensation parts, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and improving the working stability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the hydraulic floating locking device proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a right view of the hydraulic floating locking device proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0019] Legend: 1. End cap; 2. Piston; 3. Locking plate; 4. Fixing seat; 5. Oil hole one; 6. Oil hole two; 7. Oil hole three. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Example:

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This utility model provides a hydraulic floating locking device, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that the multi-point locking device is subject to uneven force at each locking point due to processing or installation errors, thereby generating an off-center load on the locked workpiece.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the hydraulic floating locking device includes a fixed base 4, pistons 2, locking plates 3, and end caps 1. The fixed base 4 is a block-shaped body with a central slot for accommodating the locking plates 3. The fixed base 4 serves as the mounting base and core carrier of the entire device. Inside the fixed base 4, multiple sets of cylindrical cavities are symmetrically machined along the upper and lower sides of the slot in opposite directions. These cylindrical cavities are all arranged perpendicular to the length of the slot. The locking plates 3, as the objects to be locked, are located within the slot in the middle of the fixed base 4 and can freely float within the space defined by the slot. Multiple sets of pistons 2 are movably housed within the cylindrical cavities of the fixed base 4 in a sliding engagement manner. The piston 2 is divided into an upper piston 2 and a lower piston 2 according to its installation position. The upper piston 2 and the lower piston 2 are respectively housed in the corresponding cylindrical cavities on the upper and lower sides of the through groove. The head end faces of the upper piston 2 and the lower piston 2 face the through groove and can extend out of the cylindrical cavity to directly abut and clamp the upper and lower opposing surfaces of the locking plate 3. Multiple sets of end caps 1 are fixedly connected to the outer end face of the fixed seat 4 by bolts or threads, and are used to close the end of the multiple sets of cylindrical cavities away from the locking plate 3. In order to ensure the sealing reliability of the hydraulic system, each set of pistons 2 is provided with an O-ring for dynamic sealing on its outer periphery, and each set of end caps 1 is also provided with an O-ring for static sealing on its mating surface with the fixed seat 4.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Oil holes 5, 6, and 7 are a series of channels integrally machined inside the fixed base 4. The main channel of oil hole 5 connects to all the cylindrical cavities in the upper part of the fixed base 4, and the main channel of oil hole 6 connects to all the cylindrical cavities in the lower part of the fixed base 4. Oil hole 7 serves as a key connecting oil circuit for achieving pressure balance between the upper and lower cavities. The channel network of oil hole 7 is interconnected with the channels of oil hole 5 and oil hole 6, and completely connects all the upper and lower cylindrical cavities in series via oil holes 5 and 6. In this way, the entire... The hydraulic system constitutes an integrated connected structure in which all the back pressure-bearing surfaces of the pistons 2 are placed under the same pressure-bearing system. To facilitate the smooth entry of hydraulic oil into the pressure-bearing space on the back of the pistons 2, the end cap 1 facing the pistons 2 is specially provided with a cylindrical structure with a smaller diameter. When the end cap 1 is installed in place, an annular gap for the flow of hydraulic oil is naturally formed between the cylindrical structure of the end cap 1 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity. This annular gap directly connects the end outlet of the oil hole 3 7 with the pressure-bearing space behind the pistons 2, ensuring that the hydraulic oil from the main oil circuit can act on the pistons 2 without obstruction.

[0024] In actual operation, the external hydraulic power source is connected to the inlets of oil hole 5 and oil hole 6 simultaneously through a three-way connector. When high-pressure hydraulic oil is injected, the hydraulic oil will enter oil hole 5 and oil hole 6 at the same time, and due to the connection effect of oil hole 7, it will quickly fill the pressure-bearing space behind all the upper and lower cylindrical cavities. According to the principle of fluid statics, the hydraulic oil pressure in this interconnected closed system is equal everywhere, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic force applied to the back of each piston 2 is exactly the same, realizing the automatic force distribution and floating locking function.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, to more clearly define the installation and working space of the locking plate 3, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fixed base 4 has a block-shaped body with a central slot for accommodating the locking plate 3. The locking plate 3 is movably housed inside the slot. Multiple cylindrical cavities on the fixed base 4 are opened from the top and bottom sides perpendicular to the length of the slot. The heads of the upper piston 2 and the lower piston 2 can extend out from the cylindrical cavities and enter the slot, eventually extending out from the inner walls of the top and bottom sides of the slot to directly abut against and clamp the upper and lower opposing surfaces of the locking plate 3. This structure not only provides reliable positioning for the locking plate 3, but also ensures that the piston 2 has sufficient stroke to complete the locking action.

[0026] As another preferred embodiment, in order to achieve a reliable dynamic seal and prevent high-pressure hydraulic oil from leaking from the mating clearance between the piston 2 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, please refer to... Figure 1 Each set of pistons 2 has one or more sealing grooves on its outer circumference. O-rings are installed in the sealing grooves. When the piston 2 slides in the cylindrical cavity, the O-rings always maintain elastic contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, forming a reliable dynamic seal.

[0027] As another preferred embodiment, in order to achieve a reliable static seal and prevent high-pressure hydraulic oil from leaking from the mating surface between the end cover 1 and the fixed seat 4, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 3 An annular sealing groove is also formed on the contact surface between the end cap 1 and the fixed seat 4. The O-ring is installed in the annular sealing groove. When the end cap 1 is fastened to the fixed seat 4 by bolts or threads, the O-ring is compressed and deformed, filling the tiny gap between the mating surfaces to form a reliable static seal.

[0028] As another preferred embodiment, in order to facilitate the connection of external hydraulic lines, the inlet ends of oil hole 5 and oil hole 6 are both led out to the same outer surface of the fixed base 4, and connected to the external single hydraulic source line through a standard tee connector. This design simplifies the pipeline layout and makes the entire device more convenient to install and maintain.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment, in order to optimize the flow path of hydraulic oil and ensure structural strength, the oil hole 3 7 is specifically implemented as a series of internal channel networks integrally machined inside the fixed seat 4 by drilling or other means. These channel networks connect all the mounting holes of the piston 2, i.e. cylindrical cavities, in series without damaging the integrity of the main structure of the fixed seat 4. Compared with external pipeline connections, this integrated internal oil circuit has higher reliability and lower pressure loss.

[0030] For further optimization of the hydraulic oil flow path, please refer to... Figure 3 The cylindrical structure with a smaller diameter set on the end cap 1 forms an annular gap with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity. One end is directly connected to the outlet of the oil hole 3 7, and the other end is directly facing the entire back pressure surface of the piston 2. This constitutes the last flow path from the main oil circuit to the working surface of the piston 2, ensuring that the hydraulic oil can be applied to the back of the piston 2 quickly and evenly.

[0031] Working principle: When the locking plate 3 needs to be locked, the external hydraulic source starts to supply high-pressure hydraulic oil to the oil hole 5 and oil hole 6 connected by the three-way connector. Since oil hole 5 is connected to all the cylindrical cavities in the upper part of the fixed seat 4, and oil hole 6 is connected to all the cylindrical cavities in the lower part of the fixed seat 4, the high-pressure hydraulic oil will enter the cavities where the upper and lower sets of pistons 2 are located respectively. The key is that the existence of oil hole 7 completely connects all the upper cylindrical cavities and all the lower cylindrical cavities through the channel network of oil hole 5 and oil hole 6, forming a unified and closed pressure-bearing system. Therefore, no matter which inlet the high-pressure hydraulic oil enters from, it will eventually fill the pressure-bearing space behind all the pistons 2, and according to the principle of hydrostatics, establish completely equal hydraulic oil pressure in the entire connected hydraulic system. Since the diameter and force-bearing area of ​​all pistons 2 are designed to be the same, under the same pressure, the ejection force generated by each piston 2 must also be completely equal. In the initial stage of the locking process, if the cumulative error caused by machining or installation results in the gap between the upper piston 2 and the locking plate 3 being smaller than the gap between the lower piston 2 and the locking plate 3, then when the upper piston 2 moves first and contacts the surface of the locking plate 3, there will still be a gap between the lower piston 2 and the locking plate 3. At this time, since the entire hydraulic system is connected and the fluid has fluidity, the hydraulic oil entering the lower piston assembly cavity will continue to push the lower piston 2 to move, without the pressure rising sharply due to the upper piston 2 being obstructed. This process can be regarded as the hydraulic oil self-flowing... The piston actively seeks an unobstructed path to continue filling until the lower piston 2 is fully moved into position and contacts the lower surface of the locking plate 3, and vice versa. The final result is that, regardless of the initial gap difference, all pistons 2 will automatically adjust their stroke and eventually press against the upper and lower surfaces of the locking plate 3 with equal ejection force. This automatic force balancing and position self-adaptation process achieved through hydraulic connection effectively avoids the off-center load on the locking plate 3 caused by uneven force, thereby solving the problem of insufficient locking reliability due to errors in the prior art and greatly improving the adaptability and working stability of the device.

Claims

1. A hydraulic floating locking device, comprising: The fixed seat (4), multiple sets of pistons (2), locking plate (3) and multiple sets of end caps (1) are provided on the fixed seat (4) along the opposite direction. The pistons (2) are movably housed in the cylindrical cavities. The locking plate (3) is disposed in the fixed seat (4) and located between the multiple sets of symmetrical cylindrical cavities. The end caps (1) are used to close the end of the cylindrical cavity away from the locking plate (3). Its features are, The hydraulic floating locking device also includes oil hole one (5), oil hole two (6) and oil hole three (7); oil hole one (5) is connected to the cylindrical cavity facing the side of the locking plate (3), oil hole two (6) is connected to the cylindrical cavity facing the other side of the locking plate (3), oil hole three (7) is an internal connecting oil passage, and oil hole three (7) connects all the cylindrical cavities in series through oil hole one (5) and oil hole two (6), thereby forming a connecting structure in which the back of all the pistons (2) are placed under the same pressure system.

2. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing seat (4) is a block-shaped body with a through groove in the center for accommodating the locking plate (3).

3. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The end cap (1) has a cylindrical structure with a small diameter at one end facing the piston (2), and a gap for the flow of hydraulic oil is formed between the cylindrical structure and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity.

4. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston (2) is fitted with an O-ring seal on its outer periphery.

5. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An O-ring is installed on the contact surface between the end cap (1) and the cylindrical cavity.

6. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first oil hole (5) and the second oil hole (6) are connected to an external hydraulic power source through a three-way connector.

7. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil hole three (7) is a series of channels integrally machined inside the fixed seat (4), and the series of channels connects the mounting holes of all the pistons (2) in series.

8. The hydraulic floating locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gap connects the oil hole three (7) with the pressure-bearing space on the back of the piston (2).

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