Spiral organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a spiral organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device belongs to organic solid waste resource utilization technical field, and this device includes preprocessing unit, heat exchange unit, screw reactor and postprocessing unit, preprocessing unit, screw reactor and postprocessing unit all are connected with heat exchange unit through pipeline, preprocessing unit is used for carrying out preprocessing to organic solid waste and obtains slurry, heat exchange unit is used for carrying out countercurrent heat exchange of slurry and hydrothermal carbonization reaction product, realizes the heating of slurry and the cooling of hydrothermal carbonization reaction product, screw reactor is used for carrying out the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of slurry under high temperature and high pressure condition, and screw reactor is horizontal reactor, and the structure includes reactor shell, screw conveying mechanism and drive arrangement, postprocessing unit is used for carrying out centrifugal, drying treatment to hydrothermal carbonization reaction product. The device avoids the material deposition problem, and the heat energy utilization rate is high, can realize the efficient carbonization treatment of organic solid waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically relating to a spiral organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrothermal carbonization (HCT) is a chemical process that converts organic solid waste into carbon materials, widely used in the resource recovery of sludge, agricultural waste, and other wastes. Its advantages include the elimination of the need for pre-drying of organic solid waste, direct treatment of waste with high moisture content, and high energy efficiency. During HTC, organic solid waste undergoes a series of reactions including hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, and aromatization, ultimately producing hydrothermal carbon. Hydrothermal carbon has a high carbon content, large specific surface area, and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, showing broad application prospects in wastewater remediation, soil improvement, and energy production. Therefore, developing corresponding hydrothermal carbonization reaction systems is the core and key to realizing its transformation from material to value.

[0003] Traditional hydrothermal carbonization reactors have many problems: for example, low heat transfer efficiency, which leads to uneven reaction and affects product quality; organic solid waste is prone to deposition, clogging the reactor and reducing reaction efficiency; high energy consumption, which increases production costs; and sealing and safety need to be further improved.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN111057566A discloses a hydrothermal carbonization device, which includes a frame with an upward-opening hydrothermal carbonization tank mounted on it. A cover is fitted over the tank, and a magnetic drive coupling is located at the center of the cover. A motor connected to the input end of the magnetic drive coupling is located above the cover, and a stirrer connected to the output end of the coupling is located below the cover. The stirrer has helical blades without a central shaft. Chinese patent document CN116983905A discloses a self-regulating biomass hydrothermal carbonization device and method, which includes a hydrothermal reaction device, a pressure control system, and a gas source medium control system. The hydrothermal reaction device includes a reactor and a heating device for heating the reactor. The gas source medium control system can fill the reactor with gas before the test. The pressure control system is connected to the reactor and can depressurize the reactor to the required test pressure when the pressure in the reactor exceeds the required test pressure. Although the aforementioned hydrothermal carbonization device can solve some specific problems, it still has certain limitations in actual operation.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, stable and safe hydrothermal carbonization reaction device for organic solid waste. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste, which avoids material sedimentation, ensures uniform material transport and full reaction, has high thermal energy utilization, and can achieve efficient carbonization treatment of organic solid waste.

[0007] The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: A spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste includes a pretreatment unit, a heat exchange unit, a spiral reactor, and a post-treatment unit; the pretreatment unit, the spiral reactor, and the post-treatment unit are all connected to the heat exchange unit via pipelines. The pretreatment unit is used to pretreat organic solid waste to obtain slurry; The heat exchange unit is used for countercurrent heat exchange between the slurry and the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products, thereby heating the slurry and cooling the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products. The spiral reactor is used to carry out the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of slurry under high temperature and high pressure conditions to obtain the hydrothermal carbonization reaction product. The spiral reactor is a horizontal reactor, and its structure includes a reactor shell, a spiral conveying mechanism and a drive device. The spiral conveying mechanism includes a central shaft and spiral blades, and the drive device is connected to one end of the central shaft. The post-processing unit is used to centrifuge and dry the products of hydrothermal carbonization reaction.

[0008] In this invention, the design of the spiral reactor enables the efficient carbonization reaction of organic solid waste, and the design of the post-treatment unit enables the step-by-step dehydration treatment of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products.

[0009] Preferably, the pipeline is equipped with a delivery pump and a ball valve for realizing and controlling the delivery of materials.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat exchange unit is provided with a raw material channel and a product channel. The inlet of the raw material channel is connected to the outlet of the pretreatment unit, the outlet of the raw material channel is connected to the inlet of the spiral reactor, the inlet of the product channel is connected to the outlet of the spiral reactor, and the outlet of the product channel is connected to the inlet of the post-treatment unit. A heat exchange structure is provided between the raw material channel and the product channel. The heat exchange structure adopts a counter-current design to maximize the heat recovery efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the reactor shell is provided with flow guide baffles, which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and fixedly connected to the inner wall; the flow guide baffles are used to improve the material flow state and improve the reaction efficiency, and the setting of the flow guide baffles effectively avoids the problem of material deposition in the reactor.

[0012] Preferably, in the spiral reactor, the central shaft is fixed by a bearing housing. The bearing housing has an adjustable structure and is equipped with a lubrication device. The bearing housing is fixedly connected to the reactor shell by a flange, which facilitates maintenance and adjustment and ensures the stable operation of the spiral conveying mechanism. The adjustable design of the bearing housing allows for precise control of the bearing clearance.

[0013] Preferably, in the spiral reactor, the spiral blades maintain a clearance fit with the inner wall of the reactor shell, and the spiral blades are fixed to the central shaft by a key connection. This design ensures both efficient conveying and reduced equipment wear.

[0014] Furthermore, the pretreatment unit includes a mixing tank and a stirring device, with a discharge port at the bottom of the mixing tank serving as the discharge outlet for the pretreatment unit. The pretreatment unit is designed to ensure that the organic solid waste raw materials are fully mixed with water to form a homogeneous slurry.

[0015] Furthermore, the post-processing unit includes a centrifugation unit and a drying unit. The centrifugation unit performs preliminary dehydration of the product, and the drying unit is used to dry the product to the desired moisture content.

[0016] In a further preferred embodiment, the centrifugal unit includes a centrifuge and a drive motor, the drying unit includes a drying chamber and a hot air generator, the centrifugal unit inlet serves as the inlet for the post-processing unit, the centrifugal unit outlet is connected to the drying unit inlet, and the drying unit outlet is the final hydrothermal char product outlet. The centrifuge significantly reduces the energy consumption of the subsequent drying unit, and the hot air generator ensures the stability of the drying effect.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model provides a spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste, which achieves efficient carbonization treatment of organic solid waste through optimized structural design. The unique design of the spiral reactor avoids material sedimentation problems, ensuring uniform material transport and full reaction. The heat exchange unit significantly improves thermal energy utilization, while the centrifugation and drying units achieve efficient dehydration of the product. This hydrothermal carbonization reactor has a reasonable structure, stable operation, and features high processing efficiency and low energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spiral-type organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reactor.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a spiral reactor.

[0020] Figure label: 1. Mixing tank inlet; 2. Mixing tank; 3. Mixing tank cover; 4. Heat exchange unit; 5. Heat exchange unit raw material outlet; 6. Heat exchange unit outlet ball valve; 7. Heat exchange unit product outlet; 8. Reactor pressure-holding ball valve; 9. Spiral reactor inlet; 10. Spiral conveying mechanism; 11. Spiral reactor; 12. Reserved port; 13. Spiral reactor outlet; 14. Centrifuge unit; 15. Centrifuge unit motor; 16. Centrifuge unit outlet; 17. Drying unit motor; 18. Drying unit; 19. Centrifuge unit support; 20. Spiral reactor outlet pipe; 21. Spiral reactor support; 22. Spiral reactor outlet pipe pressure-holding ball valve; 23. Spiral reactor motor; 24. Pretreatment outlet ball valve; 25. Raw material conveying pump; 26. Pretreatment outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, a detailed description is provided below through specific embodiments. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in various embodiments of this utility model can be combined appropriately without mutual conflict.

[0022] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the spiral organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reactor provided by this utility model includes a pretreatment unit, a heat exchange unit 4, a spiral reactor 11, and a post-treatment unit. The pretreatment unit, the spiral reactor 11, and the post-treatment unit are all connected to the heat exchange unit 4 through pipelines. The post-treatment unit includes a centrifuge unit 14 and a drying unit 18. The pretreatment unit includes a mixing tank 2 and a stirring device. The mixing tank 2 is connected to the heat exchange unit 4 through the pretreatment outlet pipe 26. The heat exchange unit 4 is connected to the spiral reactor 11 through the heat exchange unit raw material outlet 5. The spiral reactor 11 is connected to the heat exchange unit 4 through the spiral reactor discharge pipe 20. The heat exchange unit 4 is connected to the centrifuge unit 14 through the heat exchange unit product outlet 7. The centrifuge unit 14 is connected to the drying unit 18 through the centrifuge unit discharge port 16.

[0023] The pretreatment unit is used to pretreat organic solid waste to obtain slurry; The heat exchange unit 4 is used for countercurrent heat exchange between the slurry and the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products to achieve heating of the slurry and cooling of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products. The spiral reactor 11 is used to carry out the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of the slurry under high temperature and high pressure conditions to obtain the hydrothermal carbonization reaction product. The post-processing unit is used to centrifuge and dry the products of hydrothermal carbonization reaction.

[0024] The mixing tank 2 is used to thoroughly mix organic solid waste raw materials with water to form a uniform slurry. It is equipped with a mixing tank cover 3 at the top and a mixing tank inlet 1 at the bottom. The bottom of the mixing tank 2 is equipped with an outlet as the outlet of the pretreatment unit. The outlet of the pretreatment unit is connected to the heat exchange unit 4 through the pretreatment outlet pipe 26. The pipe is equipped with a raw material conveying pump 25 and a pretreatment outlet ball valve 24 in sequence for controlling the material conveying.

[0025] The heat exchange unit 4 is equipped with a raw material channel and a product channel. The inlet of the raw material channel is connected to the pretreatment outlet pipe 26, and the outlet of the raw material channel, serving as the raw material outlet 5 of the heat exchange unit, is connected to the feed inlet 9 of the spiral reactor. A heat exchange unit outlet ball valve 6 and a reactor pressure-maintaining ball valve 8 are installed on the connecting pipe. The inlet of the product channel is connected to the spiral reactor outlet 13 via the spiral reactor discharge pipe 20, and a spiral reactor discharge pipe pressure-maintaining ball valve 22 is installed on the connecting pipe. The product channel outlet, serving as the product outlet 7 of the heat exchange unit, is connected to the centrifugal unit 14. A counter-current heat exchange structure is adopted between the raw material channel and the product channel to achieve heat exchange between the reaction products and the raw materials.

[0026] The spiral reactor 11 is fixed by a spiral reactor support 21. The spiral reactor 11 is a horizontal reactor, and its structure includes a reactor shell, a spiral conveying mechanism 10, and a drive unit. The spiral conveying mechanism 10 is driven by a spiral reactor motor 23 and includes a central shaft and spiral blades. The two ends of the central shaft are fixed by adjustable bearing seats. The upper part of the reactor has a spiral reactor inlet 9 connected to the heat exchange unit 4, and the lower part has a spiral reactor outlet 13 connected to the heat exchange unit 4. A reserved opening 12 at the top is provided for pressure monitoring or sample addition. The inner wall of the reactor shell is provided with flow guide baffles, which are arranged axially at intervals and fixedly connected to the inner wall.

[0027] The centrifuge unit 14 is fixed by the centrifuge unit bracket 19 and includes a centrifuge and a centrifuge unit motor 15. The centrifuge inlet is connected to the product outlet 7 of the heat exchange unit as the centrifuge unit feed port, and the centrifuge outlet is connected to the drying unit 18 as the centrifuge unit discharge port 16, so as to achieve the initial dehydration of the product.

[0028] The drying unit 18 includes a drying chamber and a hot air generator. The inlet of the drying chamber is connected to the outlet 16 of the centrifugal unit, and the drying outlet is the final hydrothermal char product outlet; the hot air generator is driven by the drying unit motor 17 to provide the hot air required for drying.

[0029] The implementation process is as follows: Organic solid waste raw materials enter mixing tank 2 through mixing tank inlet 1 and mix with water to form a uniform slurry. The slurry is then transported to the raw material channel of heat exchange unit 4 via raw material conveying pump 25 and pretreatment outlet ball valve 24, and through pretreatment outlet pipe 26. After preheating in heat exchange unit 4, the raw materials enter spiral reactor 11 through spiral reactor inlet 9 via heat exchange unit raw material outlet 5 and heat exchange unit outlet ball valve 6. The spiral conveying mechanism 10 operates under the drive of spiral reactor motor 23, pushing the material to flow uniformly in the reactor and carry out hydrothermal carbonization reaction. After the reaction is completed, the product returns to the product channel of heat exchange unit 4 through spiral reactor outlet 13 and spiral reactor outlet pipe 20 to exchange heat with the raw materials. The heat-exchanged product enters centrifuge unit 14 through heat exchange unit product outlet 7 for preliminary dehydration. The pre-dehydrated product enters drying unit 18 through centrifuge unit outlet 16 for final drying. The final hydrothermal carbon product is discharged from drying unit 18 outlet.

[0030] This invention achieves continuous and stable operation of organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization through optimized structural design and reasonable component configuration. The design of the screw conveyor mechanism 10 effectively avoids material sedimentation problems, the heat exchange unit 4 significantly improves heat energy utilization, and the centrifugal unit 14 and drying unit 18 achieve efficient dehydration of the product. All connections between components use standardized interfaces for easy maintenance and repair.

[0031] The embodiments described above provide a detailed explanation of the technical solution of this utility model. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, additions, or similar substitutions made within the scope of the principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste, characterized in that, It includes a pretreatment unit, a heat exchange unit, a spiral reactor, and a post-treatment unit; the pretreatment unit, the spiral reactor, and the post-treatment unit are all connected to the heat exchange unit via pipelines; The pretreatment unit is used to pretreat organic solid waste to obtain slurry; The heat exchange unit is used for countercurrent heat exchange between the slurry and the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products, thereby heating the slurry and cooling the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products. The spiral reactor is used to carry out the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of slurry under high temperature and high pressure conditions to obtain the hydrothermal carbonization reaction products. The spiral reactor is a horizontal reactor, and its structure includes a reactor shell, a spiral conveying mechanism and a drive device. The spiral conveying mechanism includes a central shaft and spiral blades, and the drive device is connected to one end of the central shaft. The post-processing unit is used to centrifuge and dry the products of hydrothermal carbonization reaction.

2. The spiral-type organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit is equipped with a raw material channel and a product channel. The inlet of the raw material channel is connected to the outlet of the pretreatment unit, the outlet of the raw material channel is connected to the inlet of the spiral reactor, the inlet of the product channel is connected to the outlet of the spiral reactor, and the outlet of the product channel is connected to the inlet of the post-treatment unit. A heat exchange structure is provided between the raw material channel and the product channel.

3. The spiral-type organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor shell has flow guide baffles on its inner wall, which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and fixedly connected to the inner wall.

4. The spiral-type organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the spiral reactor, the central shaft is fixed by a bearing housing, which is an adjustable structure and equipped with a lubrication device. The bearing housing is fixedly connected to the reactor shell by a flange.

5. The spiral-type organic solid waste hydrothermal carbonization reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a spiral reactor, the spiral blades maintain a clearance fit with the inner wall of the reactor shell, and the spiral blades are fixed to the central shaft by a key connection.

6. The spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit includes a mixing tank and a stirring device, and the bottom of the mixing tank is provided with a discharge port as the discharge port of the pretreatment unit.

7. The spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-processing unit includes a centrifugation unit and a drying unit.

8. The spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The centrifugation unit includes a centrifuge and a drive motor, and the drying unit includes a drying chamber and a hot air generator.

9. The spiral-type hydrothermal carbonization reactor for organic solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The centrifuge unit inlet serves as the inlet for the post-processing unit, the centrifuge unit outlet is connected to the inlet for the drying unit, and the drying unit outlet is the final outlet for the hydrothermal carbon product.

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