A real-time monitoring device for displacement and deformation of a coal mine roadway roof

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of coal mine roadway roof displacement deformation real-time monitoring devices, including support seat, support bottom cylinder, buffer inner tube, first buffer spring, first pressure variable chip, buffer inner cavity, roof body and displacement sensor;The bottom of the support seat is welded with support bottom cylinder, the bottom of support bottom cylinder is fixedly connected with bottom plate, installation cavity is opened in support seat, support column is sleeved in installation cavity, buffer cavity is opened in support bottom cylinder;The utility model is with structured design, the device is cooperatively set through pressure sensor and displacement sensor, combined with the flexible contact structure of rubber block and roof body, realize the automatic real-time monitoring of roof displacement deformation, completely get rid of the hysteresis and subjectivity of artificial observation, significantly reduce data acquisition error, and device innovation uses the two-stage buffer structure of first buffer spring, buffer inner tube, second buffer spring, compared with existing single elastic buffer design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of monitoring device technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device for displacement and deformation of the roof of a coal mine roadway. Background Technology

[0002] As the core passage for underground resource extraction, the stability of the roof of coal mine roadways directly affects the personal safety and production efficiency of mining operations. Existing coal mine roadway roof displacement and deformation monitoring technologies have the following technical defects that urgently need to be addressed: First, traditional monitoring relies on manual periodic observation, which results in data acquisition delays and makes it difficult to capture instantaneous deformations. Even with some automated devices, the lack of a buffer adaptation structure between the sensor and the roof makes them highly susceptible to underground vibration interference, leading to a high error rate in the monitoring data and making it impossible to provide accurate data support for accident early warning. Second, buffer support systems mostly use a single spring structure, which can only withstand limited instantaneous pressure. Under long-term service, it is prone to elastic fatigue, attenuation, or even failure. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective means to sense the working state of the spring, and the failure of the spring cannot be warned in time, directly leading to the instability of the support structure. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a real-time monitoring device for displacement and deformation of the roof of a coal mine roadway, including a support base, a support bottom cylinder welded to the bottom of the support base, a bottom plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the support bottom cylinder, an installation cavity opened in the support base, a support column sleeved in the installation cavity, and a buffer cavity opened in the support bottom cylinder.

[0005] As a further technical solution of this utility model, the bottom of the support column is fixedly connected to a limiting plate, the limiting plate is disposed in the buffer cavity, and a limiting step is opened at the top of the buffer cavity corresponding to the position of the limiting plate.

[0006] As a further technical solution of this utility model, a buffer inner cylinder is provided inside the buffer cavity, and a first buffer spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer inner cylinder. The first buffer spring is located inside the buffer cavity, and a first pressure plate is provided on the outer wall of the first buffer spring.

[0007] As a further technical solution of this utility model, a buffer cavity is provided inside the buffer inner cylinder, and a buffer rod is sleeved inside the buffer cavity.

[0008] As a further technical solution of this utility model, a second buffer spring is provided inside the buffer cavity, and a second pressure plate is provided on the outer wall of the second buffer spring.

[0009] As a further technical solution of this utility model, the top of the support column is provided with a top plate body, and a support plate is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the support seat.

[0010] As a further technical solution of this utility model, the upper surface of the support plate is provided with mounting seats evenly arranged from front to back, the upper surface of the mounting seats is provided with pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are located on the lower surface of the top plate body, and a rubber block is provided between the pressure sensors and the lower surface of the top plate body.

[0011] As a further technical solution of this utility model, a box is provided on the upper surface of the support plate, a limit block is provided on the upper surface of the box, a displacement sensor is provided at the center of the box, and the limit block is provided on the outer walls of both sides of the displacement sensor.

[0012] As a further technical solution of this utility model, the displacement sensor is provided with a mounting block at the bottom, and triangular plates are provided on both sides of the mounting block. The mounting block is set inside the box, and slots are opened on both sides of the mounting block corresponding to the positions of the triangular plates. A pull rod is provided on the outer wall of the triangular plate, and the end of the pull rod passes through the box.

[0013] As a further technical solution of this utility model, a damping spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod, a slider is vertically fixed to the bottom of the triangular plate, and a groove is opened on the bottom inner surface of the box body corresponding to the position of the slider.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows: This utility model adopts a structured design. The device achieves automated real-time monitoring of the displacement deformation of the top plate through the coordinated setting of pressure sensors and displacement sensors, combined with the flexible contact structure between the rubber block and the top plate body. This completely eliminates the lag and subjectivity of manual observation, significantly reducing data acquisition errors. Furthermore, the device innovatively adopts a two-stage buffer structure consisting of a first buffer spring, a buffer inner cylinder, and a second buffer spring. Compared with the existing single elastic buffer design, it can distribute the instantaneous pressure and high-frequency vibration of the top plate in stages, significantly improving the buffer bearing capacity and fatigue resistance, and extending the service life of the buffer system. By setting the first and second pressure-transformer plates on the outer walls of the first and second buffer springs, the strain state of the buffer elastic element can be monitored in real time. This allows for early prediction of the elastic decay or failure risk of the elastic element, avoiding device damage or monitoring failure caused by buffer system instability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the support structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is an exploded cross-sectional three-dimensional view of the support structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pressure sensing structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the displacement sensing structure of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Support base; 2. Support bottom cylinder; 3. Base plate; 4. Mounting cavity; 5. Buffer cavity; 6. Support column; 7. Limiting plate; 8. Limiting step; 9. Buffer inner cylinder; 10. First buffer spring; 11. First pressure transformer; 12. Buffer inner cavity; 13. Buffer rod; 14. Second buffer spring; 15. Second pressure transformer; 16. Top plate body; 17. Support plate; 18. Mounting base; 19. Pressure sensor; 20. Rubber block; 21. Box body; 22. Limiting block; 23. Displacement sensor; 24. Mounting block; 25. Slot; 26. Triangular plate; 27. Pull rod; 28. Damping spring; 29. ​​Slider; 30. Slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0019] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 5This utility model provides an embodiment of a real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways, comprising a support base 1, a support bottom cylinder 2 welded to the bottom of the support base 1, a bottom plate 3 fixedly connected to the bottom of the support bottom cylinder 2, an installation cavity 4 formed inside the support base 1, a support column 6 sleeved inside the installation cavity 4, and a buffer cavity 5 formed inside the support bottom cylinder 2; a limiting plate 7 fixedly connected to the bottom of the support column 6, the limiting plate 7 being disposed within the buffer cavity 5, and a limiting step 8 formed at the top of the buffer cavity 5 corresponding to the position of the limiting plate 7, the limiting plate 7 cooperating with the limiting step 8 to limit the axial movement of the support column 6, preventing the support column 6 from excessively descending and damaging the structure; and a buffer cavity 5. A buffer inner cylinder 9 is provided inside the cavity 5. A first buffer spring 10 is sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer inner cylinder 9. The first buffer spring 10 is located inside the buffer cavity 5, and a first pressure transformer 11 is provided on the outer wall of the first buffer spring 10. The buffer inner cylinder 9 provides mounting support for the first buffer spring 10. The first buffer spring 10 achieves primary buffering. The first pressure transformer 11 collects its strain data to provide feedback on the working status. A buffer inner cavity 12 is opened inside the buffer inner cylinder 9. A buffer rod 13 is sleeved inside the buffer inner cavity 12. The buffer inner cavity 12 provides mounting space for the buffer rod 13. The buffer rod 13 bears the pressure of the support column 6 and transmits it to the second buffer spring 14. The buffer inner cavity 12... A second buffer spring 14 is installed inside, and a second pressure transformer 15 is installed on the outer wall of the second buffer spring 14. The second buffer spring 14 realizes two-stage buffering and works with the first buffer spring 10 to disperse pressure. The second pressure transformer 15 collects its strain data to warn of fatigue failure. A top plate body 16 is installed at the top of the support column 6. A support plate 17 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the support seat 1. The top plate body 16 fits against the roadway roof to transmit deformation force. The support plate 17 provides a mounting carrier for subsequent components. Mounting seats 18 are evenly arranged from front to back on the upper surface of the support plate 17. A pressure sensor 19 is installed on the upper surface of the mounting seat 18. A rubber block 20 is provided between the pressure sensor 19 and the lower surface of the top plate body 16, and the mounting base 18 fixes the pressure sensor 19. The pressure sensor 19 monitors the pressure of the top plate, and the rubber block 20 achieves flexible contact and ensures pressure transmission. A box 21 is provided on the upper surface of the support plate 17. A limit block 22 is provided on the upper surface of the box 21. A displacement sensor 23 is provided at the center of the box 21, and the limit block 22 is provided on the outer walls of both sides of the displacement sensor 23. The box 21 provides installation space for the displacement sensor 23, and the limit block 22 laterally positions the displacement sensor 23 to ensure accurate installation.A mounting block 24 is provided at the bottom of the displacement sensor 23. Triangular plates 26 are provided on both sides of the mounting block 24. The mounting block 24 is located inside the housing 21. Slots 25 are provided on both sides of the mounting block 24 corresponding to the positions of the triangular plates 26. A pull rod 27 is provided on the outer wall of the triangular plates 26, with its end penetrating into the housing 21. The mounting block 24 engages with the triangular plates 26 through the slots 25 to fix the displacement sensor 23. The pull rod 27 drives the triangular plates 26 to move, facilitating sensor installation and removal. A damping spring 28 is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod 27. A slider 29 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the triangular plates 26. A groove 30 is provided on the inner surface of the bottom of the housing 21 corresponding to the position of the slider 29. The damping spring 28 provides a restoring force for the triangular plates 26. The slider 29 cooperates with the groove 30 to assist the triangular plates 26 in smooth sliding.

[0020] Working Principle: Using this invention, the device is first fixed to the designated monitoring position in the coal mine roadway via the pre-set installation structure on the base plate 3. The support base 1 and the bottom support cylinder 2 are welded together to form an integrated support foundation, ensuring the device is stably installed under complex underground working conditions. The support column 6 is sleeved in the installation cavity 4 of the support base 1, and the limiting plate 7 fixed at its bottom is embedded in the buffer cavity 5 of the support cylinder 2, forming an axial limiting fit with the limiting step 8 at the top of the buffer cavity 5, strictly limiting the vertical movement of the support column 6 to avoid excessive displacement causing structural damage. The buffer inner cylinder 9 inside the buffer cavity 5 is the core buffer component. The first buffer spring 10 sleeved on its outer wall and the second buffer spring 14 set in the buffer inner cavity 12 inside the buffer inner cylinder 9 constitute a two-stage buffer system. The system includes a buffer rod 13 sleeved within the buffer cavity 12, with its top end contacting the bottom of the support column 6. Initially, both the first buffer spring 10 and the second buffer spring 14 are in a pre-tensioned state, providing stable elastic support for the support column 6 and resisting the instantaneous impact caused by roadway vibration. The top plate body 16 at the top of the support column 6 is tightly fitted with the actual roof of the coal mine roadway, achieving effective connection between the monitoring end and the monitored object. When the roof of the coal mine roadway undergoes displacement deformation, the pressure and displacement of the roof are transmitted to the support column 6 through the top plate body 16. The support column 6 moves downward along the mounting cavity 4, pushing the buffer rod 13 to compress the second buffer spring 14 within the buffer cavity 12, and simultaneously causing the limiting plate 7 to squeeze the first buffer spring 10 within the buffer cavity 5. This two-stage elastic... The spring-buffered structure distributes the instantaneous pressure on the top plate in stages, avoiding localized stress concentration that could damage the device or distort monitoring data. During this process, the first pressure-sensitive plate 11 on the outer wall of the first buffer spring 10 and the second pressure-sensitive plate 15 on the outer wall of the second buffer spring 14 synchronously collect the strain data of their respective springs, providing real-time feedback on the working status of the buffer system and offering data support for early warning of spring fatigue failure. Simultaneously, the pressure on the top plate body 16 is transmitted to the pressure sensor 19 on the support plate 17 via the rubber block 20. The support plate 17 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the support base 1. The pressure sensors 19 are evenly arranged from front to back via the mounting base 18, ensuring comprehensive pressure collection. The rubber block 20 ensures the effectiveness of pressure transmission while preventing the top plate body 16 from colliding with the pressure sensor. The sensor 19 is damaged due to hard contact. The pressure sensor 19 converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal output. The housing 21 is fixed to the upper surface of the support plate 17. The displacement sensor 23 is embedded in the housing 21 through the mounting block 24 at the bottom. The limiting block 22 on the housing 21 limits the displacement sensor 23 on both sides to ensure its installation accuracy. The displacement sensor 23 captures the vertical displacement of the top plate body 16 in real time and converts it into an electrical signal output, realizing dual real-time monitoring of top plate displacement deformation and pressure. When the displacement sensor 23 needs to be repaired or replaced, the pull rod 27 is pulled outward of the housing 21. The pull rod 27 drives the triangular plate 26 to move outward synchronously. The slider 29 at the bottom of the triangular plate 26 slides smoothly along the groove 30 on the inner surface of the bottom of the housing 21.Simultaneously, the damping spring 28 sleeved on the outer wall of the compression rod 27 causes the triangular plate 26 to disengage from the slots 25 on both sides of the mounting block 24. At this point, the displacement sensor 23 can be directly removed upwards. During installation, align the mounting block 24 with the installation position inside the housing 21 and insert it. Release the rod 27, and the damping spring 28 will elastically return to its original position, pushing the triangular plate 26 into the slot 25, thus completing the rapid fixing of the displacement sensor 23. This method is suitable for maintenance operations in the harsh environment of narrow, dusty coal mine roadways, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the monitoring device.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways, comprising a support base (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the support base (1) is welded with a support bottom cylinder (2), and the bottom of the support bottom cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with a base plate (3). An installation cavity (4) is opened in the support base (1), and a support column (6) is sleeved in the installation cavity (4). A buffer cavity (5) is opened in the support bottom cylinder (2).

2. The real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support column (6) is fixedly connected to a limiting plate (7), the limiting plate (7) is set in the buffer cavity (5), and the top of the buffer cavity (5) is provided with a limiting step (8) corresponding to the position of the limiting plate (7).

3. The real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer cavity (5) is provided with a buffer inner cylinder (9), and a first buffer spring (10) is sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer inner cylinder (9). The first buffer spring (10) is provided in the buffer cavity (5), and a first pressure plate (11) is provided on the outer wall of the first buffer spring (10).

4. The real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner buffer cylinder (9) has an inner buffer cavity (12) inside, and a buffer rod (13) is sleeved inside the inner buffer cavity (12).

5. The real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second buffer spring (14) is provided inside the buffer cavity (12), and a second pressure plate (15) is provided on the outer wall of the second buffer spring (14).

6. The real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the support column (6) is provided with a top plate body (16), and a support plate (17) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the support base (1).

7. A real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper surface of the support plate (17) is uniformly provided with mounting seats (18) from front to back. The upper surface of the mounting seat (18) is provided with a pressure sensor (19). The pressure sensor (19) is located on the lower surface of the top plate body (16), and a rubber block (20) is provided between the pressure sensor (19) and the lower surface of the top plate body (16).

8. A real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the support plate (17) is provided with a box (21), the upper surface of the box (21) is provided with a limit block (22), a displacement sensor (23) is provided at the center of the box (21), and the limit block (22) is provided on the outer walls of both sides of the displacement sensor (23).

9. A real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 8, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (23) has a mounting block (24) at its bottom. Triangular plates (26) are provided on both sides of the mounting block (24). The mounting block (24) is located inside the housing (21). Slots (25) are provided on both sides of the mounting block (24) corresponding to the positions of the triangular plates (26). A pull rod (27) is provided on the outer wall of the triangular plates (26). The end of the pull rod (27) passes through the housing (21).

10. A real-time monitoring device for roof displacement and deformation in coal mine roadways according to claim 9, characterized in that: A damping spring (28) is sleeved on the outer wall of the pull rod (27), and a slider (29) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the triangular plate (26). A groove (30) is provided on the bottom inner surface of the box (21) at the position corresponding to the slider (29).

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