Charging protection box for energy storage battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to the charging protection box of energy storage battery, including the explosion -proof box, the door of rotation installation in the front end of explosion -proof box, fixed mounting heat insulation capsule board on the inner wall of explosion -proof box, install energy storage battery ontology in explosion -proof box, the bottom fixed mounting of explosion -proof box inside has the heat exchange seat, and the heat exchange seat is U type structure, and the heat exchange seat and energy storage battery ontology width adaptation, the rear end fixed mounting of explosion -proof box has water cooling assembly, and water cooling assembly is used for and heat exchange seat connects, and the top of explosion -proof box is provided with waste gas collection assembly, and waste gas collection assembly is used for and exports the waste gas in explosion -proof box, and the top fixed mounting of explosion -proof box inside has sensor assembly, the utility model discloses through setting up U type heat exchange seat and water cooling circulation system, has realized to energy storage battery efficient heat conduction cooling, avoided the heat accumulation of protection box body airtightness generation, isolates heat source simultaneously with the help of heat insulation capsule board, reduces the risk of heat diffusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage battery charging technology, specifically to a charging protection box for energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, the demand for energy storage batteries has also increased. Their structure is mainly composed of positive electrode materials (such as lithium iron phosphate), negative electrode materials (mainly graphite), electrolyte, separator, and shell. They have the characteristics of series and parallel connection requirements and high power and large capacity. The internal structure adopts a bonded thin film electrode structure. However, energy storage batteries face safety issues during charging, such as high temperature sensitivity and the risk of thermal runaway caused by high temperature. Therefore, charging protection boxes can protect energy storage batteries and form isolation, thereby improving the safety and stability of the charging process.

[0003] However, conventional energy storage battery charging protection boxes mostly use sealed isolation. Generally, the possibility of an energy storage battery exploding during charging is low. In the event of thermal runaway, the internal damage of the battery will not only produce black smoke and harmful gases, but also create high pressure inside the box, which may lead to deflagration. Furthermore, it will affect the natural heat dissipation of the energy storage battery during charging, thus affecting safety. Based on this, we propose a charging protection box for energy storage batteries to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a charging protection box for energy storage batteries. While ensuring heat dissipation, it also facilitates the cooling of the energy storage batteries. This solves the problem that while existing sealed protection boxes can prevent gas leakage, they can also cause high internal pressure, posing a possibility of explosion and affecting the natural heat dissipation of the energy storage batteries during charging, thus compromising safety.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a charging protection box for an energy storage battery, comprising an explosion-proof box, a door rotatably mounted on the front end of the explosion-proof box, a heat insulation plate fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the explosion-proof box, and an energy storage battery body installed inside the explosion-proof box. A heat exchange seat is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner side of the explosion-proof box. The heat exchange seat has a U-shaped structure and its length and width are adapted to the energy storage battery body. A water-cooling component is fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box. The water-cooling component is used to connect with the heat exchange seat. An exhaust gas collection component is provided at the top of the explosion-proof box. The exhaust gas collection component is used to discharge exhaust gas from the explosion-proof box. A sensor component is installed at the top of the inner side of the explosion-proof box. The sensor component is used to sense the temperature and gas composition inside the explosion-proof box.

[0006] It should be noted that the heat insulation bladder is made of multiple layers of composite materials, including an outer high-temperature resistant and flame-retardant layer (such as ceramic fiber cloth), a middle vacuum insulation layer or aerogel layer, and an inner thermally conductive buffer layer. While preventing the external heat from entering, it also buffers the internal thermal expansion pressure and delays the spread of heat to other areas of the chamber when local overheating occurs.

[0007] Furthermore, a charging port is provided on the surface of the energy storage battery body, and a charging plug adapted to the charging port is provided on the inside of the explosion-proof box. The charging plug and the explosion-proof box are connected by a cable. When the charging plug is inserted into the charging port, the energy storage battery body is charged.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange base has a fluid channel inside, and interfaces are provided on both sides of the rear end of the heat exchange base, namely the water inlet and the water outlet.

[0009] It should be noted that the U-shaped inner cavity of the heat exchange base is slightly larger than the energy storage battery body, and there is an elastic thermally conductive pad (such as a silicone thermally conductive pad or a graphene thermally conductive film) between the two to ensure a tight fit and allow for slight deformation; a positioning groove is set at the bottom to achieve automatic centering during battery installation.

[0010] Furthermore, the water-cooling assembly includes a water-cooling plate fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box. The water-cooling plate has a coiled water storage chamber. Both ends of the water-cooling plate are provided with circulation ports, and the two circulation ports are connected to the water inlet and the water outlet, respectively. A circulation pump is provided between the circulation ports and the water inlet. The circulation pump draws cold water from the coiled water storage chamber and sends it to the heat exchange base.

[0011] It is important to note that the circulating pump draws coolant from the tubular water storage chamber of the water-cooled plate and sends it through the inlet into the fluid channel of the heat exchanger. After absorbing heat, the coolant returns to the water-cooled plate through the outlet for recooling, forming a closed-loop circulation system. The coolant can be a mixture of deionized water or ethylene glycol, which possesses anti-corrosion and anti-scaling properties.

[0012] Furthermore, heat sinks with equal spacing are fixedly installed at the rear end of the water-cooled plate, and a cooling fan is installed at the rear end of the heat sinks. The cooling fan is used to drive airflow between the heat sinks to remove heat.

[0013] Furthermore, the exhaust gas collection assembly includes an exhaust fan fixedly installed at the right end of the explosion-proof box and an air inlet pipe (with a valve installed on the air inlet pipe) fixedly installed at the left end of the explosion-proof box. The exhaust fan is connected to the top of the explosion-proof box through a pipe and is used to extract exhaust gas from the explosion-proof box. The bottom of the exhaust fan is connected to a filter box through a pipe.

[0014] It should be noted that the filter box is equipped with the following components in sequence: a pre-filter (to intercept dust particles), an activated carbon adsorption layer (to adsorb organic gases and VOCs), a catalytic oxidation module (to decompose combustible gases such as hydrogen and methane), and a HEPA high-efficiency filter (to prevent the emission of harmful particles). The exhaust fan is an explosion-proof DC fan, and the rated air volume is set according to the volume of the box.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor and a gas detector fixedly installed on the top of the explosion-proof enclosure. A control module is provided on the front face of the enclosure door. The control module is used to receive information from the sensor assembly and control the water cooling assembly and the exhaust gas collection assembly.

[0016] It is important to note that the temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes inside the chamber in real time. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 60°C), a level one warning is triggered. If the temperature continues to rise above 80°C, the water cooling system is activated and the exhaust system is turned on. The gas detector is used to identify the concentration of flammable gases such as H2, CO, and CH4. Once the concentration reaches 20% of the lower explosive limit (LEL), the control module immediately cuts off the charging power, activates the forced exhaust mode, and issues an audible and visual alarm signal. The control module has a built-in PLC or microcontroller control system, supports an RS485 communication interface, and can be connected to a remote monitoring platform.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The charging protection box of this energy storage battery achieves efficient heat conduction and cooling of the energy storage battery by setting up a U-shaped heat exchange seat and a water cooling circulation system, avoiding heat accumulation caused by the sealing of the protection box, and at the same time, the heat insulation plate isolates the heat source and reduces the risk of heat diffusion.

[0019] 2. The charging protection box of this energy storage battery monitors the interior of the explosion-proof box through sensor components. Based on the detection data, it controls heat dissipation and ventilation. When the battery malfunctions and generates high temperature and harmful gases, the heat exchange seat facilitates heat exchange and cooling, while the exhaust fan discharges harmful gases, increasing safety. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the internal structure of the explosion-proof box of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the water-cooled plate structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the internal structure of the heat exchange base of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the internal structure of the water-cooled plate of this utility model.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Explosion-proof box; 2. Box door; 3. Heat insulation plate; 4. Energy storage battery body; 5. Heat exchange base; 51. Water cooling plate; 511. Heat sink; 512. Cooling fan; 52. Coil-shaped water storage chamber; 53. Exhaust fan; 54. Air inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] As a key component of modern energy systems, energy storage batteries have been widely used in many fields in recent years and have shown a rapid development trend. Their applications cover energy storage for renewable energy power generation (such as wind and solar power), grid peak shaving and frequency regulation, distributed energy systems, electric vehicles, home energy storage, and backup power for communication base stations. With the global advancement of carbon neutrality goals and the increasing demand for power system flexibility, energy storage batteries are becoming an important supporting technology for achieving energy transition.

[0028] Currently, lithium-ion batteries are the mainstream energy storage battery technology, especially lithium iron phosphate batteries, which have become the preferred choice in the energy storage field due to their high safety, long cycle life, and low cost. In addition, new technologies such as sodium-ion batteries, flow batteries, and solid-state batteries are also developing rapidly and are expected to further expand their application scenarios in the future.

[0029] Despite the significant advantages of energy storage batteries, there are certain safety risks during their operation, especially during charging, mainly in the following aspects:

[0030] Thermal runaway risk: If the battery is overcharged, overcurrented, or overheated, it may cause an internal short circuit, leading to thermal runaway, which in severe cases can result in fire or even explosion.

[0031] Battery Management System (BMS) Failure: The BMS is responsible for monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. If a fault occurs, it may not be able to disconnect the charging circuit in time, causing safety hazards.

[0032] External environmental influences: Harsh environments such as high temperature, humidity, and dust may accelerate battery aging, reduce insulation performance, and increase the risk of short circuits.

[0033] Improper human operation: Operation by non-professionals, use of incompatible charging equipment, or unauthorized modification of the battery system may also create potential safety hazards.

[0034] To effectively address the safety challenges of energy storage batteries during charging, charging protection boxes (also known as energy storage charging protection boxes or battery charging safety boxes) have emerged and are gradually becoming an important part of the safety configuration of energy storage systems. They generally use a sealed enclosure to protect the charging batteries. They are made of high-temperature resistant and flame-retardant materials and have good heat insulation and fire resistance. They can limit the spread of flames in the event of thermal runaway of the battery and are equipped with explosion-proof pressure relief valves and smoke exhaust channels to release internal pressure and toxic gases in a timely manner to prevent explosions.

[0035] As the application scale of energy storage batteries continues to expand, their safety issues cannot be ignored, especially in the high-risk charging process. As a comprehensive safety solution integrating structural protection, environmental control, and intelligent monitoring, charging protection boxes can not only effectively reduce the risk of fire, but also enhance users' trust and acceptance of energy storage systems. In the future, with the improvement of the standard system and the enhancement of the level of intelligence, charging protection boxes will play a more critical role in the energy storage industry chain and become an important link in ensuring the safe implementation of "green energy".

[0036] Please see Figures 1-5 The energy storage battery charging protection box in this embodiment includes an explosion-proof box 1, a door 2 rotatably installed at the front end of the explosion-proof box 1, a heat insulation plate 3 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof box 1, and an energy storage battery body 4 installed in the explosion-proof box 1. A heat exchange seat 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the explosion-proof box 1. The heat exchange seat 5 has a U-shaped structure and its length and width are adapted to the energy storage battery body 4. A water cooling component is fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box 1. The water cooling component is used to connect with the heat exchange seat 5. An exhaust gas collection component is provided at the top of the explosion-proof box 1. The exhaust gas collection component is used to discharge the exhaust gas in the explosion-proof box 1. A sensor component is installed at the top inside the explosion-proof box 1. The sensor component is used to sense the temperature and gas composition in the explosion-proof box 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, the surface of the energy storage battery body 4 is provided with a charging port, and the inside of the explosion-proof box 1 is provided with a charging plug that is compatible with the charging port. The charging plug and the explosion-proof box 1 are connected by a cable. When the charging plug is inserted into the charging port, the energy storage battery body 4 is charged.

[0038] It should be noted that the explosion-proof box 1 is connected to an external power source to power the entire device, and the explosion-proof box 1 integrates heat dissipation and ventilation. In the event of an energy storage battery malfunction, the generated heat and smoke can be quickly discharged, increasing safety.

[0039] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 , Figure 5In this embodiment, the heat exchange base 5 has a fluid channel inside, and the two sides of the rear end of the heat exchange base 5 are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet. The water cooling assembly includes a water cooling plate 51 fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box 1. A coiled water storage cavity 52 is provided in the water cooling plate 51. Circulation ports are provided at both ends of the water cooling plate 51, and the two circulation ports are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet. A circulation pump is provided between the circulation port and the inlet. The circulation pump draws cold water from the coiled water storage cavity 52 and sends it into the heat exchange base 5. Heat sinks 511 with equal spacing are fixedly installed at the rear end of the water cooling plate 51. A cooling fan 512 is installed at the rear end of the heat sink 511. The cooling fan 512 is used to drive airflow between the heat sinks 511 to remove heat.

[0040] It should be noted that the water flow velocity in the fluid channel inside the heat exchange seat 5 reaches 1.2m / s, which allows the cooling medium to complete one cycle within 30 seconds. The heat sink 511 is made of 6063 aluminum alloy in one piece with a fin spacing of 2mm. Combined with the cooling fan 512 with an air volume of 120m³ / h, the cooling medium absorbs heat inside the explosion-proof box 1 and dissipates heat outside.

[0041] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 In this embodiment, the exhaust gas collection assembly includes an exhaust fan 53 fixedly installed at the right end of the explosion-proof box 1 and an air inlet pipe 54 fixedly installed at the left end of the explosion-proof box 1. The exhaust fan 53 is connected to the top of the explosion-proof box 1 through a pipe. The exhaust fan 53 is used to extract exhaust gas from the explosion-proof box 1, and the bottom of the exhaust fan 53 is connected to a filter box through a pipe.

[0042] It should be noted that the filter box is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption layer, a ceramic membrane filter layer and a catalytic combustion mesh in sequence, which can remove more than 95% of electrolyte volatiles and combustible gases. The exhaust fan 53 uses an explosion-proof motor to ensure safe operation in explosive gas environments, facilitate the discharge of harmful gases and prevent gas leakage.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor and a gas detector fixedly installed on the top of the explosion-proof box 1. A control module is provided on the front face of the box door 2. The control module is used to receive information from the sensor assembly and control the water cooling assembly and the exhaust gas collection assembly.

[0044] It should be noted that the temperature sensor is a PT1000 platinum resistance thermometer, the gas detector has a built-in four-in-one sensor (can detect H2, CO, CH4, O2), the control module integrates an STM32F103 processor, the sampling frequency is 10Hz, when the detected temperature is ≥55℃ or the combustible gas concentration is ≥20% of LEL, the charging circuit is automatically cut off and the audible and visual alarm is activated.

[0045] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows:

[0046] During charging, the energy storage battery body 4 is placed in the explosion-proof box 1 and the charging plug is connected. The sensor component monitors the temperature and gas composition inside the box in real time. The control module starts the water cooling component, and the circulating pump draws the coolant from the tubular water storage chamber of the water cooling plate 51. The coolant flows through the fluid channel of the heat exchange seat 5 at a flow rate of 1.2 m / s. After absorbing the heat of the battery, the coolant is cooled by the heat sink 511 and the cooling fan 512 and then flows back. At the same time, the exhaust gas collection component is started, and the exhaust fan 53 draws the gas inside the box into the filter box. The gas passes through the activated carbon adsorption layer, the ceramic membrane filter layer and the catalytic combustion mesh in sequence to remove electrolyte volatiles and combustible gases. When the sensor detects that the temperature is ≥55℃ or the combustible gas concentration is ≥20% of LEL, the control module immediately cuts off the charging circuit, activates the audible and visual alarm, and increases the power of the water cooling system and the exhaust gas emission intensity until the abnormality is resolved.

[0047] It should be noted that the control method of this utility model is controlled by a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Furthermore, this utility model is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, so the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0049] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A charging protection box for an energy storage battery, characterized in that: The device includes an explosion-proof box (1), a rotating door (2) installed at the front end of the explosion-proof box (1), a heat insulation plate (3) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof box (1), and a battery body (4) installed in the explosion-proof box (1). A heat exchange seat (5) is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the explosion-proof box (1). The heat exchange seat (5) has a U-shaped structure and the length and width of the heat exchange seat (5) and the battery body (4) are compatible. A water cooling component is fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box (1). The water cooling component is used to connect with the heat exchange seat (5). A waste gas collection component is provided at the top of the explosion-proof box (1). The waste gas collection component is used to discharge the waste gas in the explosion-proof box (1). A sensor component is installed at the top inside the explosion-proof box (1). The sensor component is used to sense the temperature and gas composition in the explosion-proof box (1).

2. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the energy storage battery body (4) is provided with a charging port, and the inside of the explosion-proof box (1) is provided with a charging plug that is compatible with the charging port. The charging plug and the explosion-proof box (1) are connected by a cable. When the charging plug is inserted into the charging port, the energy storage battery body (4) is charged.

3. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange base (5) has a fluid channel inside, and the two sides of the rear end of the heat exchange base (5) are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet.

4. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-cooling assembly includes a water-cooling plate (51) fixedly installed at the rear end of the explosion-proof box (1). A coiled water storage chamber (52) is provided in the water-cooling plate (51). Circulation ports are provided at both ends of the water-cooling plate (51), and the two circulation ports are connected to the water inlet and the water outlet respectively. A circulation pump is provided between the circulation port and the water inlet. The circulation pump draws cold water from the coiled water storage chamber (52) and sends it into the heat exchange base (5).

5. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear end of the water-cooled plate (51) is fixedly equipped with heat sinks (511) that are evenly spaced. A cooling fan (512) is installed at the rear end of the heat sinks (511). The cooling fan (512) is used to drive airflow between the heat sinks (511) to remove heat.

6. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas collection assembly includes an exhaust fan (53) fixedly installed on the right side of the explosion-proof box (1) and an air inlet pipe (54) fixedly installed on the left side of the explosion-proof box (1). The exhaust fan (53) is connected to the top of the explosion-proof box (1) through a pipe. The exhaust fan (53) is used to extract exhaust gas from the explosion-proof box (1), and the bottom of the exhaust fan (53) is connected to the filter box through a pipe.

7. The charging protection box for the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor and a gas detector fixedly installed on the top of the explosion-proof box (1). A control module is provided on the front face of the box door (2). The control module is used to receive information from the sensor assembly and control the water cooling assembly and the exhaust gas collection assembly.

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