Energy storage container rear exhaust structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of energy storage container rear exhaust structure, belong to energy storage system technical field.The energy storage container rear exhaust structure, including battery pack and energy storage container;The battery pack is set in the energy storage container;Posterior relief valve is set on the battery pack;The exhaust fan is set on the box wall of the energy storage container, the box wall uses double-layer flue structure, the double-layer flue structure includes outside heat energy barrier layer and inside air layer;Exhaust port, gas collection hood, liquid outlet and liquid discharge mechanism are set on the inner wall of the air layer, the gas collection hood is set on the exhaust port, the liquid discharge mechanism is set on liquid outlet, the gas collection hood is oppositely arranged with the posterior relief valve, the gas collection hood and the liquid discharge mechanism are communicated with the air layer and set.This utility model can realize smoke exhaust path efficiency and safety balance, heat spread blocking mechanism perfect, and gas-liquid separation avoids secondary disaster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of energy storage system technology, and in particular relates to a rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure for an energy storage container. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems have been widely used in grid peak shaving and new energy infrastructure due to their high energy density and good cycle performance. However, frequent safety accidents caused by battery thermal runaway have become a key bottleneck restricting the industry's development. During thermal runaway, a chain reaction inside the battery generates high temperatures (up to 800°C or higher), flammable gases (mainly H2 and CO), and corrosive electrolyte vapors, forming an internal pressure of over 3 MPa within 30 seconds. If pressure relief is not timely, the risk of explosion increases sharply; if the exhaust path is not properly designed, the high-temperature ejected material can ignite adjacent batteries, causing cascading heat spread. Existing fire-fighting and smoke extraction systems for energy storage containers face two major contradictions: balancing the rapid emission of hazardous substances with blocking the heat diffusion path, and the conflict between structural sealing and emergency pressure relief requirements.

[0003] Currently, top-mounted and side-mounted active smoke extraction systems are the mainstream smoke extraction technology. The top-mounted negative pressure damper is installed on the top of the container and connected to the smoke collection system via pipes, utilizing negative pressure to draw in combustible gases. Side-mounted powered fans are positioned above 2 / 3 of the container's side wall height, equipped with fire dampers and electric louvers. A mechanical adjustment mechanism uses a telescopic cylinder to drive a rack / pinion mechanism, dynamically adjusting the louver angle to optimize ventilation efficiency. Its working principle is as follows: when the detector detects combustible gas, the top-mounted damper opens and directs the gas into the centralized processing system; simultaneously, the side-mounted fans start, and the louvers are adjusted to a horizontal position to maximize airflow, diluting the combustible gas concentration below the lower explosive limit (LEL). This smoke extraction technology has certain limitations. Specifically, although this scheme achieves active smoke extraction, the separation of the pressure relief valve and the smoke extraction outlet results in: the pressure relief valve is mostly located on top of the battery pack, while the smoke extraction channel needs to bend laterally to the side wall, increasing resistance due to the circuitous path; the measured smoke extraction delay reaches 3.2 seconds, wasting the critical window period in the early stages of thermal runaway.

[0004] Existing lateral smoke extraction solutions (such as top air valves + lateral fans) can maintain container sealing, but the smoke extraction path is long and has many bends, resulting in an imbalance between smoke extraction efficiency and safety. In the event of thermal runaway, the high-temperature airflow must traverse a space of more than 2m across the container, increasing the probability of igniting cables by 67%. While bottom-guided solutions shorten the path, they require damage to the container floor structure and sacrifice IP protection rating.

[0005] Traditional single-layer flues lack effective insulation design and have an imperfect heat spread prevention mechanism. Even after 650°C high-temperature flue gas is transmitted through the flue, the outer wall temperature still reaches over 180°C, becoming an ignition source outside the enclosure. Although some solutions use aerogel, they are not integrated with the exhaust channel and cannot protect the equipment around the flue.

[0006] Existing active flue gas systems suffer from a lack of gas-liquid separation, leading to secondary disasters. Thermal runaway releases contain 30%-40% liquid electrolyte, and current technologies focus on treating the gas while neglecting liquid drainage. Electrolyte accumulation at the bottom of the flue poses risks: it may react with the aluminum flue to generate flammable hydrogen gas; and it may seep into the insulation layer, reducing its thermal insulation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This utility model provides a rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure for an energy storage container, aiming to solve the problems of imbalance between smoke exhaust path efficiency and safety, imperfect heat spread prevention mechanism, and secondary disasters caused by lack of gas-liquid separation in the existing smoke exhaust system of energy storage containers.

[0008] The present invention is implemented as follows:

[0009] A rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure for an energy storage container includes a battery pack and an energy storage container; the battery pack is disposed inside the energy storage container; and a rear-mounted pressure relief valve is provided on the battery pack.

[0010] The energy storage container is equipped with an exhaust fan on its wall. The wall adopts a double-layer flue structure, which includes an outer heat barrier layer and an inner air layer. The inner wall of the air layer is equipped with a smoke exhaust port, a gas collection hood, a liquid discharge port, and a liquid discharge mechanism. The gas collection hood is located on the smoke exhaust port, and the liquid discharge mechanism is located on the liquid discharge port. The gas collection hood is positioned opposite to the rear pressure relief valve, and the gas collection hood and the liquid discharge mechanism are connected to the air layer.

[0011] Preferably, the drainage mechanism includes a V-shaped drainage channel, a collection box, and a drainage pipe. The collection box is disposed on the drainage port, the V-shaped drainage channel is matched with the collection box, and the collection box is connected to the drainage pipe. More preferably, the V-shaped drainage channel has an inclination angle of 5°-10°.

[0012] Preferably, the energy storage container has an air inlet on its wall; more preferably, the air inlet and the exhaust fan are located on different side walls.

[0013] Preferably, the casing wall adopts a double-layer flue structure, wherein the outer thermal barrier layer and the inner air layer are treated with a medium gradient to block thermoelectric coupling.

[0014] Preferably, the heat barrier layer is a rock wool layer or a ceramic fiber insulation layer; the thickness of the heat barrier layer is 45-55mm; the air layer is 9.5-10.5mm; through the heat barrier layer and the air layer, the outer wall temperature of the 650℃ flue gas after passing through the flue can be ≤80℃.

[0015] Preferably, the structure of the air layer and the drain mechanism enables the electrolyte recovery rate to be >92%; the structure of the air layer, the exhaust port, and the exhaust fan, with the use of a tapered exhaust port, enables the exhaust velocity to be >20m / s.

[0016] Preferably, the air layer constitutes the flue of the energy storage container, and is directly connected to the flue through a rear-mounted pressure relief valve of the battery pack, forming a passive smoke exhaust structure.

[0017] Preferably, the system further includes a control system, which comprises a pressure sensor, a control unit, an exhaust fan, and an electric drain valve; the pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the exhaust fan and the electric drain valve. Preferably, the pressure sensor is disposed on the flue wall of the air layer for sensing the gas pressure within the flue of the air layer (in case of thermal runaway).

[0018] Preferably, the exhaust fan is located at the upper end of the casing wall, and the liquid drainage mechanism is located at the lower end of the casing wall. This structural arrangement facilitates gas-liquid separation within the flue of the air layer; gas is discharged upwards via the exhaust fan, while liquid flows downwards into the liquid drainage mechanism and is then discharged.

[0019] Preferably, the gas collection hood is a horn-shaped gas collection hood, which is matched with the rear pressure relief valve on the battery pack.

[0020] Preferably, the energy storage container is provided with a placement rack, and the battery pack is placed on the placement rack.

[0021] The working principle of the rear exhaust structure of the energy storage container of this utility model is as follows: when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the high-pressure gas (>30kPa) pushes the rear pressure relief valve of the battery pack to open. The high-temperature mixture enters the flue of the air layer through the gas collection hood. Gas and liquid are separated in the flue of the air layer. The gas is discharged upward and the liquid flows downward into the liquid collection box and is discharged through the liquid outlet. During the discharge process, the control system links the fan and the liquid discharge valve to exhaust gas and discharge liquid.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of this energy storage container has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. This utility model solves the path efficiency problem through spatial topology optimization; the spatial topology activation is specifically reflected in the rear-positioned centralized layout of the pressure relief valve and the tubeless straight-through design; the rear-positioned centralized layout of the pressure relief valve is to concentrate the battery pack pressure relief valve at the rear end along the length of the container, and align it with the straight line of the air layer flue inlet; the tubeless straight-through design adopts a horn-shaped gas collection hood to achieve seamless connection between the rear-positioned pressure relief valve and the air layer flue, eliminating the resistance of the bend pipe.

[0024] 2. Thermoelectric coupling is blocked through medium gradient treatment; specifically, it includes a thermal barrier layer and an air layer; it can ensure that the outer wall temperature of 650℃ flue gas after passing through the flue is ≤80℃; through the structural arrangement of the V-shaped guide groove and liquid collection box of the air layer 222 and the liquid discharge mechanism 25 (liquid phase separation layer), the electrolyte recovery rate can be >92%; through the structural arrangement of the air layer 222 and the exhaust port 23 and the exhaust fan 211 (gas phase acceleration layer), and the use of a gradually narrowing exhaust port, the flue gas discharge velocity can be >20m / s. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage container in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of part A in the diagram;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a top view of the rear-mounted exhaust structure of the energy storage container in this embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure of B in the diagram;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the inner structure of the container wall of the energy storage container in this embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the control system of the energy storage container in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0034] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0037] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0038] Currently, existing smoke extraction systems for energy storage containers suffer from problems such as an imbalance between smoke extraction path efficiency and safety, an imperfect heat spread prevention mechanism, and the lack of gas-liquid separation leading to secondary disasters. To address these technical issues, this invention proposes a rear-mounted smoke extraction structure for energy storage containers.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a rear-mounted exhaust structure for an energy storage container includes a battery pack 1 and an energy storage container 2; the battery pack 1 is disposed inside the energy storage container 2; and a rear-mounted pressure relief valve 11 is provided on the battery pack 1.

[0041] The energy storage container 2 has an exhaust fan 211 installed on its wall 21. The wall 21 adopts a double-layer flue structure 22, which includes an outer heat barrier layer 221 and an inner air layer 222. The inner wall of the air layer 222 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 23, a gas collection hood 24, a liquid discharge port 25, and a liquid discharge mechanism 26. The gas collection hood 24 is installed on the smoke exhaust port 23, and the liquid discharge mechanism 26 is installed on the liquid discharge port 25. The gas collection hood 24 is arranged opposite to the rear pressure relief valve 11, and the gas collection hood 24 and the liquid discharge mechanism 26 are connected to the air layer 222.

[0042] Preferably, the drainage mechanism 26 includes a V-shaped drainage channel 261, a collection box 262, and a drainage pipe 263. The collection box 262 is disposed on the drainage port 25, the V-shaped drainage channel 261 is matched with the collection box 262, and the collection box 261 is connected to the drainage pipe 262. More preferably, the V-shaped drainage channel 261 has a V-shaped groove inclination angle of 5°-10°.

[0043] Preferably, the energy storage container 2 has an air inlet 212 on its wall 21. More preferably, the air inlet 212 and the exhaust fan 211 are located on different side walls.

[0044] Preferably, the casing wall 21 adopts a double-layer flue structure 22, wherein the outer thermal barrier layer 221 and the inner air layer 222 are treated with a medium gradient to block thermoelectric coupling.

[0045] Preferably, the heat barrier layer 221 is a rock wool layer or a ceramic fiber insulation layer; the thickness of the heat barrier layer 221 is 45-55mm; the air layer 222 is a 9.5-10.5mm air layer; through the heat barrier layer 221 and the air layer 222, the outer wall temperature of the 650℃ flue gas after passing through the flue can be ≤80℃.

[0046] Preferably, the structure of the air layer 222 and the drain mechanism 25 enables the electrolyte recovery rate to be >92%; the structure of the air layer 222 and the exhaust port 23 and the exhaust fan 211, with the use of a tapered exhaust port, enables the exhaust velocity to be >20m / s.

[0047] Preferably, the air layer 222 constitutes the flue of the energy storage container 2, and is directly connected to the flue through the rear pressure relief valve 11 of the battery pack 1, forming a passive smoke exhaust structure.

[0048] Preferably, the system further includes a control system, which comprises a pressure sensor, a control unit, an exhaust fan, and an electric drain valve; the pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the exhaust fan and the electric drain valve. Preferably, the pressure sensor is disposed on the flue wall of the air layer for sensing the gas pressure within the flue of the air layer (in case of thermal runaway).

[0049] Preferably, the exhaust fan 211 is located at the upper end of the casing wall 21, and the liquid drainage mechanism 26 is located at the lower end of the casing wall 21. This structural arrangement facilitates gas-liquid separation within the flue of the air layer; gas is discharged upwards via the exhaust fan 211, while liquid flows downwards into the liquid drainage mechanism 26 and is then discharged.

[0050] Preferably, the gas collection hood 24 is a horn-shaped gas collection hood, which is matched with the rear pressure relief valve 11 on the battery pack 1.

[0051] Preferably, the energy storage container 2 is provided with a placement rack 27, and the battery pack 1 is placed on the placement rack 27.

[0052] The working principle of the rear exhaust structure of the energy storage container of this utility model is as follows: when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the high-pressure gas (>30kPa) pushes the rear pressure relief valve of the battery pack to open. The high-temperature mixture enters the flue of the air layer through the gas collection hood. Gas and liquid are separated in the flue of the air layer. The gas is discharged upward and the liquid flows downward into the liquid collection box and is discharged through the liquid outlet. During the discharge process, the control system links the fan and the liquid discharge valve to exhaust gas and discharge liquid.

[0053] The functional objectives of the rear-mounted exhaust structure of the energy storage container in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 shows the functional objectives achieved by the rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container in this embodiment.

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] The liquid phase separation layer consists of an air layer and a V-shaped guide channel and a liquid collection box for the drainage mechanism.

[0058] The gas phase acceleration layer is a structural arrangement consisting of an air layer, a smoke exhaust port, and an exhaust fan.

[0059] A comparison of the exhaust path, flue structure, and pressure relief valve layout of the rear-mounted exhaust structure of the energy storage container in this embodiment with existing technical solutions reveals that this invention, through spatial topology reconstruction, centrally positions the battery pressure relief valve at the rear, directly connecting it to the rear flue of the container; the pressure relief valve outlet and the flue inlet are seamlessly connected via a horn-shaped gas collection hood (expansion angle of 35°±2°), resulting in an exhaust path length ≤1.2m (57% shorter than the traditional solution). The comparison results are shown in Table 2, demonstrating a significant improvement in quantifiable advantages.

[0060] Table 2 Structural Design Inspection Results

[0061]

[0062] The thermal spread suppression capability of the rear exhaust structure of the energy storage container in this embodiment was tested, and the comparison results with the transmission method are shown in Table 3. It has significant improvements in terms of adjacent battery ignition rate, container deformation probability and secondary explosion risk.

[0063] Table 3 Results of thermal spread inhibition ability test

[0064] Adjacent battery ignition rate 42％ 2％ ↓95％ Box deformation probability 38％ 0 Completely eliminate Risk of secondary explosion exist none Intrinsic safety

[0065] This invention constructs a closed-loop security protection system through spatial reconstruction and media separation innovation.

[0066] Compared with existing technologies, the rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of this energy storage container has the following advantages:

[0067] 1. This utility model solves the path efficiency problem through spatial topology optimization; the spatial topology activation is specifically reflected in the rear-positioned centralized layout of the pressure relief valve and the tubeless straight-through design; the rear-positioned centralized layout of the pressure relief valve is to concentrate the battery pack pressure relief valve at the rear end along the length of the container, and align it with the straight line of the air layer flue inlet; the tubeless straight-through design adopts a horn-shaped gas collection hood to achieve seamless connection between the rear-positioned pressure relief valve and the air layer flue, eliminating the resistance of the bend pipe.

[0068] 2. Thermoelectric coupling is blocked through medium gradient treatment; specifically, it includes a thermal barrier layer and an air layer; it can ensure that the outer wall temperature of 650℃ flue gas after passing through the flue is ≤80℃; through the structural arrangement of the V-shaped guide groove and liquid collection box of the air layer 222 and the liquid discharge mechanism 25 (liquid phase separation layer), the electrolyte recovery rate can be >92%; through the structural arrangement of the air layer 222 and the exhaust port 23 and the exhaust fan 211 (gas phase acceleration layer), and the use of a gradually narrowing exhaust port, the flue gas discharge velocity can be >20m / s.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure for an energy storage container, characterized in that: It includes a battery pack and an energy storage container; the battery pack is disposed inside the energy storage container; and a rear-mounted pressure relief valve is provided on the battery pack. The energy storage container is equipped with an exhaust fan on its wall. The wall adopts a double-layer flue structure, which includes an outer heat barrier layer and an inner air layer. The inner wall of the air layer is equipped with a smoke exhaust port, a gas collection hood, a liquid discharge port, and a liquid discharge mechanism. The gas collection hood is located on the smoke exhaust port, and the liquid discharge mechanism is located on the liquid discharge port. The gas collection hood is positioned opposite to the rear pressure relief valve, and the gas collection hood and the liquid discharge mechanism are connected to the air layer.

2. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage mechanism includes a V-shaped liquid guide groove, a liquid collection box, and a drainage pipe. The liquid collection box is disposed on the drainage port, the V-shaped liquid guide groove is matched with the liquid collection box, and the liquid collection box is connected to the drainage pipe.

3. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage container has air inlets on its walls.

4. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air inlet and the exhaust fan are located on different side walls.

5. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the heat barrier layer is 45-55mm; the air layer is 9.5-10.5mm thick.

6. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which includes a pressure sensor, a control unit, a smoke exhaust fan, and an electric drain valve; the pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the smoke exhaust fan and the electric drain valve.

7. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is mounted on the flue wall of the air layer.

8. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust fan is located at the upper end of the box wall, and the liquid drainage mechanism is located at the lower end of the box wall.

9. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collection hood is a horn-shaped gas collection hood, which is matched and matched with the rear pressure relief valve on the battery pack.

10. The rear-mounted smoke exhaust structure of the energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage container is equipped with a rack, on which the battery pack is placed.

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