A UWB positioning array antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of UWB positioning array antennas, including bottom plate and at least three substrates;At least one radiation patch unit is printed on substrate, substrate is equipped with short-circuit column and substrate socket group, radiation patch unit is connected with the one end of feed strip line by short-circuit column, the other end of feed strip line is located substrate socket group;Bottom plate is equipped with a plurality of bottom plate interface group matched with substrate socket group, bottom plate interface is connected with radio frequency signal line, substrate is fixed by substrate socket group and feed strip line is connected with radio frequency signal line in bottom plate interface group on bottom plate, substrate and bottom plate are not in same plane, the arrangement direction of bottom plate interface group is not parallel two by two.The UWB positioning array antenna of the utility model utilizes multiple substrates and bottom plate to cooperate to form polyhedral array layout, realizes horizontal plane direction gain promotion in limited space;Each unit phase center on each face is stable, and phase consistency is good;Multi-face directional radiation is adopted, and good anti-interference characteristic is good, and application prospect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of UWB antenna technology, specifically to a UWB positioning array antenna, and more particularly to a UWB positioning array antenna that can simultaneously achieve high horizontal gain, good phase consistency, and resistance to metallic interference. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent connected vehicles and autonomous driving technology, the demand for high-precision positioning inside and outside vehicles is becoming increasingly urgent. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, with its centimeter-level ranging accuracy, high temporal resolution, and strong resistance to Doppler frequency shift, has become an ideal solution for locating targets such as people, keys, and tags relative to the vehicle inside and outside.

[0003] In vehicle positioning applications, traditional UWB multi-anchor triangulation requires the placement of multiple fixed anchor points within the vehicle. Position is calculated by measuring the distances from the target tag to these anchor points. This method suffers from inherent drawbacks such as high deployment costs, complex in-vehicle wiring, and large space requirements. To address these shortcomings, a cost-effective "single-anchor or reduced-anchor PDOA (Phase Difference of Arrival) positioning solution" has emerged. This solution integrates a single anchor point with multiple built-in antennas at one or two locations on the vehicle (such as the center of the roof or a rearview mirror). By precisely measuring the phase difference between different elements in the antenna array, the angle of arrival (AoA) can be calculated, enabling two-dimensional or even three-dimensional positioning with a single anchor point or reduced-anchor points.

[0004] UWB array antennas are the core hardware of single-anchor or reduced-anchor PDOA positioning systems, and their performance directly determines the final positioning accuracy. However, existing antenna designs suitable for this scenario face significant challenges. Existing solutions (such as simple linear arrays and rectangular planar arrays) typically have to compromise on one aspect: either using a triangular linearly polarized antenna array to ensure horizontal plane gain characteristics, or using a planar circularly polarized array to ensure anti-interference characteristics. Currently, there is a severe lack on the market of a UWB array antenna that can simultaneously satisfy high horizontal gain, good phase consistency, and anti-metal interference characteristics, which has become a bottleneck hindering the practical application of vehicle-mounted single-anchor PDOA positioning technology.

[0005] Therefore, developing a UWB array antenna that can balance strong horizontal gain, good phase consistency, and resistance to metal interference is of great practical significance. Utility Model Content

[0006] Due to the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology, this utility model provides a UWB array antenna that can simultaneously achieve strong horizontal gain, good phase consistency, and anti-metal interference characteristics, thereby solving the problem that current UWB array antennas cannot simultaneously achieve good horizontal gain characteristics and good anti-interference characteristics.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A UWB positioning array antenna includes a base plate and at least three substrates;

[0009] At least one radiating patch unit is printed on the substrate. The substrate is provided with a short-circuit post and a substrate socket group. The radiating patch unit is connected to one end of the feed line through the short-circuit post, and the other end of the feed line is located in the substrate socket group.

[0010] The base plate is provided with multiple base plate interface groups that match the base plate socket group. The base plate interface is connected to an RF signal line. The base plate is fixed to the base plate interface group on the base plate through the base plate socket group and the power supply line is connected to the RF signal line. The base plate and the base plate are not on the same plane, and the arrangement directions of at least two base plate interface groups are not parallel.

[0011] The radio frequency signal lines on the bottom edge can be connected to the radio frequency chip via a switch. At the same time, the base plate can also integrate a liveness detection radar antenna to achieve a multi-functional integrated antenna array.

[0012] This utility model's UWB positioning array antenna features a rational structural design. Utilizing multiple substrates and a base plate to form a polyhedral array layout, it achieves 360° horizontal gain enhancement within a limited space. Through optimized unit and overall array structure, the phase center of each unit on each face is stable, resulting in good PDOA phase difference and azimuth curves and excellent phase consistency. Employing multi-faceted directional radiation, targets within the coverage area of ​​each face are less likely to jump or reverse to other areas, providing excellent anti-interference characteristics. Using the base plate as a mounting platform, it achieves good synergy with mobile platforms such as vehicles, optimizing the antenna's radiation pattern and impedance matching in metallic environments, effectively suppressing multipath interference. With a reliable structure, controllable cost, and modular design, it is particularly suitable for standardized production and has great application prospects.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution:

[0014] As described above, in a UWB positioning array antenna, two radiating patch units are printed on the substrate.

[0015] As described above, a UWB positioning array antenna has two substrate sockets in a substrate socket group. Each substrate socket is equipped with a feed line, and the substrate socket, feed line and radiating patch unit correspond one-to-one.

[0016] The UWB positioning array antenna described above has a four-layer PCB structure, including L1, L2, L3 and L4 layers arranged sequentially.

[0017] Two radial patch units are printed on the L1 layer;

[0018] The L2 layer is not copper-clad;

[0019] The L3 layer is the antenna reference ground layer with an impedance of 50 ohms;

[0020] The L4 layer is provided with a power supply line, and except for the two sides of the power supply line, the rest of the L4 layer is covered with copper.

[0021] The L1 layer radiating patch unit has a feed point at its center, which is connected to one end of the feed line of the L4 layer through a short-circuit post. The L3 layer has a non-copper-filled window with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the short-circuit post (outer diameter is 1.5mm) to avoid the short-circuit post.

[0022] As described above, in a UWB positioning array antenna, the radiating patch unit is a rectangular piece with chamfered corners, and the center-to-center distance between two radiating patch units on the same substrate is 16.5 mm.

[0023] As described above, the UWB positioning array antenna has four substrates.

[0024] Four substrates form a rectangular structure. Of course, the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to this. More substrates can also be used, such as six substrates arranged in a regular hexagon. Those skilled in the art can choose the appropriate number of substrates and the arrangement of substrates according to actual needs.

[0025] As described above, the UWB positioning array antenna has three substrates.

[0026] The three substrates form a chamfered structure.

[0027] As described above, in a UWB positioning array antenna, the substrate is perpendicular to the base plate.

[0028] As described above, in a UWB positioning array antenna, the angle between the substrate and the base plate is acute, and the angle between each substrate and the base plate is the same, with each substrate symmetrically arranged on the substrate.

[0029] In the UWB positioning array antenna described above, the substrate is welded to the base plate.

[0030] The above technical solution is only one feasible technical solution of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited to this. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the specific design according to actual needs.

[0031] The above-mentioned utility model has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0032] This utility model's UWB positioning array antenna features a rational structural design. Utilizing multiple substrates and a base plate to form a polyhedral array layout, it achieves 360° horizontal gain enhancement within a limited space. Through optimized unit and overall array structure, the phase center of each unit on each face is stable, resulting in good PDOA phase difference and azimuth curves and excellent phase consistency. Employing multi-faceted directional radiation, targets within the coverage area of ​​each face are less likely to jump or reverse to other areas, providing excellent anti-interference characteristics. Using the base plate as a mounting platform, it achieves good synergy with mobile platforms such as vehicles, optimizing the antenna's radiation pattern and impedance matching in metallic environments, effectively suppressing multipath interference. With a reliable structure, controllable cost, and modular design, it is particularly suitable for standardized production and has great application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention, its features, shape, and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals denote like parts throughout the drawings. The drawings are not drawn to scale; the focus is on illustrating the gist of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the UWB positioning array antenna in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the substrate;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a floor plan of level L1;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a floor plan of level L3;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a floor plan of level L4;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a plan view of the base plate;

[0040] Figure 7 The radiation gain diagram of the UWB positioning array antenna of this utility model is shown.

[0041] Figure 8 The phase difference-azimuth curve of the UWB positioning array antenna of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the UWB positioning array antenna of this utility model within a signal strength defined area.

[0043] Figure 10This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the UWB positioning array antenna in Example 2;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the UWB positioning array antenna in Example 3;

[0045] Among them, 1-radiating patch unit, 2-substrate, 3-short circuit post, 4-feeding strip, 5-base plate, 6-L4 layer, 7-non-copper-filled window, 8-base plate interface group, 9-RF signal line, 10-substrate socket group. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The structure of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the utility model.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A UWB positioning array antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a base plate 5 and four substrates 2;

[0049] Substrate 2 as Figure 2 As shown, this is a four-layer PCB structure, including layers L1, L2, L3, and L4 arranged sequentially. Layer L1 is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, two radiating patch units 1 are printed on it. Radiating patch unit 1 is a rectangular piece with chamfered corners, achieving circular polarization through this chamfering method. Circularly polarized antennas can receive linearly polarized waves from any direction with essentially unchanged receiving efficiency, offering significant advantages for improving the performance of anti-interference positioning systems. The center-to-center distance between the two radiating patch units 1 on the same substrate is 16.5mm (selected near half a wavelength; this is a good balance between the PDOA scheme and ambiguity range (±90 degrees) and angular measurement accuracy. The radiating patch units use directional radiation, effectively improving lateral gain and thus increasing communication distance). The L2 layer is not copper-clad, and the L3 layer is as follows... Figure 4 As shown, it is the antenna reference ground layer, L4 layer 4 as... Figure 5 As shown, it has a power supply line and the L4 layer is copper-plated except for the two sides of the power supply line. The center of the L1 layer radiating patch unit 1 has a feed point, which is connected to one end of the L4 layer power supply line 4 through the shorting post 3. The other end of the power supply line 4 is located in the substrate socket group 10. The L3 layer has a non-copper-plated window 7 with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the shorting post at the corresponding shorting post 3. The substrate socket group 10 has two substrate sockets. Each substrate socket is equipped with a power supply line 4 and the substrate socket, the power supply line 4 and the radiating patch unit 1 correspond one-to-one.

[0050] Base plate 5 Figure 6As shown, it is provided with four base plate interface groups 8 that match the base plate socket group 10. The base plate interface is connected to the radio frequency signal line 9. The base plate 2 is plugged into the base plate interface group 8 fixed on the base plate 5 through the base plate socket group 10 and the power supply line 4 is connected to the radio frequency signal line 9. The base plate 2 is perpendicular to the base plate 5 and the base plate 2 is welded to the base plate 5. The four base plates 2 form a rectangular structure.

[0051] The radio frequency signal line 9 on the base plate 5 can be connected to the radio frequency chip via a switch. At the same time, the base plate 5 can also integrate a liveness detection radar antenna to realize a multi-functional integrated antenna array.

[0052] The UWB positioning array antenna uses a rectangular array arrangement of four substrates. Each pair of patches can achieve a smooth phase curve of over 90°, thus realizing 360° omnidirectional positioning. The signal radiated by each group of elements will not flip or drift to other areas. Its signal strength defines the area as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0053] The radiation gain diagram of the above UWB positioning array antenna is as follows: Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that a radiation gain of 5dB or more achieves a 360° horizontal gain improvement; the phase difference-azimuth curve of the above UWB positioning array antenna is as follows. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the phase difference curve is linearly correlated with the azimuth angle rotation within ±50 degrees, indicating good phase consistency.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A UWB positioning array antenna, such as Figure 10 As shown, it is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the base plate is provided with three base plate interface groups, and there are three base plates in total, which form a U-shaped structure.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A UWB positioning array antenna, such as Figure 11 As shown, it is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the angle between the substrate and the base plate is an acute angle and the angle between each substrate and the base plate is the same, and each substrate is symmetrically arranged on the substrate.

[0058] Verification has shown that the UWB positioning array antenna of this invention has a reasonable structural design. Utilizing multiple substrates and a base plate to form a polyhedral array layout, it can achieve 360° horizontal gain enhancement within a limited space. By optimizing the unit and overall array structure, the phase center of each unit on each face is stable, resulting in good PDOA phase difference and azimuth curves and excellent phase consistency. Employing multi-faceted directional radiation, targets within the coverage area of ​​each face are less likely to jump or reverse to other areas, providing good anti-interference characteristics. Using the base plate as a mounting platform, it can achieve good coordination with mobile platforms such as vehicles, optimizing the antenna's radiation pattern and impedance matching in metallic environments, effectively suppressing multipath interference. With a reliable structure, controllable cost, and modular design, it is particularly suitable for standardized production and has great application prospects.

[0059] Those skilled in the art should understand that variations can be implemented by combining existing technology with the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here. Such variations do not affect the substantive content of this utility model, and will not be elaborated here.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of this utility model have been described above. It should be understood that this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Devices and structures not described in detail herein should be understood as being implemented in a conventional manner within the art. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of this utility model using the disclosed methods and techniques, or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this utility model. This does not affect the essential content of this utility model. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model, without departing from the content of the technical solution of this utility model, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A UWB positioning array antenna, characterized in that: Includes a base plate and at least three substrates; At least one radiating patch unit is printed on the substrate. The substrate is provided with a short-circuit post and a substrate socket group. The radiating patch unit is connected to one end of the feed line through the short-circuit post, and the other end of the feed line is located in the substrate socket group. The base plate is provided with multiple base plate interface groups that match the base plate socket group. The base plate interface is connected to an RF signal line. The base plate is fixed to the base plate interface group on the base plate through the base plate socket group and the power supply line is connected to the RF signal line. The base plate and the base plate are not on the same plane, and the arrangement directions of the base plate interface groups are not parallel to each other.

2. The UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two radiation patch units are printed on the substrate.

3. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, A substrate socket group has two substrate sockets, each substrate socket is equipped with a power supply line, and the substrate socket, power supply line and radiating patch unit correspond one-to-one.

4. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The substrate is a four-layer PCB structure, including layers L1, L2, L3 and L4 arranged in sequence. Two radial patch units are printed on the L1 layer; The L2 layer is not copper-clad; The L3 layer is the antenna reference ground layer; The L4 layer is provided with a power supply line, and except for the two sides of the power supply line, the rest of the L4 layer is covered with copper. The L1 layer radiating patch unit has a feed point at its center, which is connected to one end of the feed line of the L4 layer through a short-circuit post. The L3 layer has a non-copper-filled window with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the short-circuit post at the corresponding short-circuit post location.

5. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radiating patch unit is a rectangular piece with chamfered corners, and the center-to-center distance between two radiating patch units on the same substrate is 16.5 mm.

6. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are four substrates in total; The four substrates form a rectangular structure.

7. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are three substrates in total; The three substrates form a chamfered structure.

8. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The substrate is perpendicular to the base plate.

9. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The angle between the substrate and the base plate is acute, and the angle between each substrate and the base plate is the same. Each substrate is symmetrically arranged on the substrate.

10. A UWB positioning array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is welded to the base plate.

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