Charging circuit and charging device

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of circuit, and particularly relates to a charging circuit, which comprises a first interface and a second interface, a first switch module, a second switch module and a charging switch module. In the embodiment of the present application, the first switch module and the second switch module respectively form two charging channels with the charging switch module. When the first interface and the second interface are connected to the negative pole and the positive pole of an energy storage unit respectively, the energy storage unit can be charged through the charging channel formed by the first switch module and the charging switch module. When the first interface and the second interface are connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the energy storage unit respectively, the energy storage unit can be charged through the charging channel formed by the second switch module and the charging switch module. Whether the first interface and the second interface are connected to the positive pole or the negative pole of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit can be normally charged, the risk of failure is reduced, and the safety of the energy storage unit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit technology, and in particular to a charging circuit and a charging device. Background Technology

[0002] An energy storage device is a device that can store electrical energy and release it when needed. By storing electrical energy when the power supply is sufficient and releasing it when power demand increases or supply is insufficient, energy storage devices can play a role in regulating and compensating for power system imbalances. Moreover, because energy storage devices are typically small in size, portable, and flexible in use, they are widely used in daily life and industrial fields.

[0003] When charging energy storage devices, incorrect wiring of the positive and negative terminals often occurs due to similar interface shapes or improper user operation. When the positive and negative terminals of an energy storage device are connected in reverse, the device will operate abnormally, potentially generating excessive heat inside, leading to electrolyte decomposition, electrode damage, or other adverse reactions. In severe cases, it can even cause fires or explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a charging circuit and a charging device that can improve the safety of energy storage unit usage.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a charging circuit, including: First and second interfaces for connecting the energy storage unit; The first switch module has a control terminal connected to a first interface and a second interface, a first terminal connected to the second interface, and a second terminal connected to the first interface. The second switch module has a control terminal connected to the first interface and the second interface, the first terminal connected to the first interface, and the second terminal connected to the second interface. The charging switch module has a first terminal connected to the third terminal of the first switch module and the third terminal of the second switch module, a second terminal connected to the input power supply, and a fourth terminal of the first switch module and the fourth terminal of the second switch module grounded. When the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply and the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is used to control the first switch module to be turned on and the input power supply is used to control the charging switch module to be turned on. When the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply and the first and second interfaces are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit respectively, the energy storage unit is used to control the second switch module to conduct and the input power supply is used to control the charging switch module to conduct.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first switch module includes a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and the second switch module includes a third switch unit and a fourth switch unit; In the first switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the first interface, the first terminal is connected to the second interface, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The first switching unit is configured to conduct the first terminal and the second terminal of the first switching unit when the control terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish the connection between the second interface and the first terminal of the charging switch module. In the second switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the second interface, the first terminal is connected to the first interface, and the second terminal is grounded. The second switching unit is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the second switching unit when the control terminal of the second switching unit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish the connection between the first interface and the ground.

[0007] In the third switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the second interface, the first terminal is connected to the first interface, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The third switching unit is configured to conduct the first terminal and the second terminal of the third switching unit when the control terminal of the third switching unit is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish the connection between the first interface and the first terminal of the charging switch module. In the fourth switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the first interface, the first terminal is connected to the second interface, and the second terminal is grounded. The fourth switching unit is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the fourth switching unit when the control terminal of the fourth switching unit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish the connection between the second interface and the ground.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first switching unit includes a first resistor and a first transistor. A first end of the first resistor is connected to a first interface, a second end of the first resistor is connected to a control terminal of the first transistor, and a first end of the first transistor is connected to a second interface. The second end of the first transistor is connected to a first end of the charging switch module. The second switching unit includes a second resistor and a second transistor. The first end of the second resistor is connected to the second interface, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the control terminal of the second transistor, the first end of the second transistor is connected to the first interface, and the second end of the second transistor is grounded. The third switching unit includes a third resistor and a third transistor. The first end of the third resistor is connected to the second interface, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor, the first end of the third transistor is connected to the first interface, and the second end of the third transistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module. The fourth switching unit includes a fourth resistor and a fourth transistor. The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first interface, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control terminal of the fourth transistor, the first end of the fourth transistor is connected to the second interface, and the second end of the fourth transistor is grounded.

[0009] In some embodiments, the charging circuit further includes an overcurrent control unit, the first terminal of which is connected to the third terminal of the first switch module and the third terminal of the second switch module, the second terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module, and the third terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the charging switch module. The overcurrent control unit is configured to output a first-level signal to the charging switch module when the charging current of the charging circuit is greater than or equal to the first current; The charging switch module is configured to turn on when an input power supply is connected to the control terminal, and to turn off when the control terminal receives a first level signal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the charging circuit further includes a voltage regulator module, a first terminal of which is connected to an input power supply, and a second terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of a charging switch module. The voltage regulator module is configured to output a first voltage at its second terminal when the input power supply is connected.

[0011] In some embodiments, the charging switch module includes a fifth transistor and a fifth resistor. The first end of the fifth resistor and the first end of the fifth transistor are both used to connect to the input power supply. The second end of the fifth transistor is connected to the third end of the first switch module and the third end of the second switch module. The control end of the fifth transistor is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor.

[0012] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a voltage regulator device; The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the input power supply, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the voltage regulator, the second end of the voltage regulator is grounded, the third end of the voltage regulator is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor and the first end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module, and the second end of the eighth resistor is grounded.

[0013] In some embodiments, the overcurrent control unit includes a sampling resistor, a sixth transistor, a ninth resistor, a first light-emitting diode, and a seventh transistor; The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module and the second end of the sixth transistor. The second end of the sampling resistor is connected to the third end of the first switch module, the third end of the second switch module, and the control end of the sixth transistor. The first end of the sixth transistor is connected to the first end of the ninth resistor. The second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the control end of the seventh transistor. The first end of the seventh transistor is connected to the control end of the charging switch module. The second end of the seventh transistor is grounded.

[0014] In some embodiments, the overcurrent control unit further includes a first light-emitting diode, the anode of which is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor, and the cathode of which is connected to the control terminal of the seventh transistor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the charging circuit further includes a first diode, the cathode of which is connected to the third terminal of the first switching module and the third terminal of the second switching module, and the anode of which is connected to the first terminal of the charging switching module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the charging circuit further includes a tenth resistor and a second light-emitting diode; The first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the anode of the second light-emitting diode, and the cathode of the second light-emitting diode is grounded.

[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a charging device, including the charging circuit of any one of the above.

[0018] In this embodiment, when the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply, and the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit controls the first switch module to conduct, and the input power supply controls the charging switch module to conduct, establishing a charging channel between the input power supply, the charging switch module, the third terminal, the first terminal, the second interface of the first switch module, the energy storage unit, the first interface, the second terminal, the fourth terminal of the first switch module, and ground. When the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply, and the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit controls the second switch module to conduct, and the input power supply controls the charging switch module to conduct, establishing a charging channel between the input power supply, the charging switch module, the third terminal, the first terminal, the first interface of the second switch module, the energy storage unit, the second interface, the second terminal, the fourth terminal of the second switch module, and ground.

[0019] In this embodiment, the first switch module and the second switch module, together with the charging switch module, form two charging channels. When the first interface and the second interface are connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit, respectively, the energy storage unit can be charged through the charging channel formed by the first switch module and the charging switch module. When the first interface and the second interface are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit, respectively, charging can be achieved through the charging channel formed by the second switch module and the charging switch module. This ensures that the energy storage unit can be charged normally regardless of whether the first interface or the second interface is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the energy storage unit, reducing the risk of failure and improving the safety of the energy storage unit. Attached Figure Description

[0020] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the embodiments, and elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are designated as similar elements.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charging device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3a and Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit conduction channel in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11a and Figure 11b This is a schematic diagram of the charging circuit conduction channel in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] It should be noted that when an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more intermediate elements between them.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] Figure 1The diagram illustrates one structure of a charging device 100, which includes a charging circuit 10 for electrically connecting to an input power source 300 and obtaining electrical energy from the input power source 300 to power an energy storage unit 200. The energy storage unit 200 may include various types of batteries, and the input power source 300 may be other energy storage devices capable of providing electrical energy, or it may be a mains power supply device. The charging device 100 includes various electrical devices with energy storage units.

[0026] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a structure of the charging circuit 10, including a first interface A, a second interface B, a first switch module 11, a second switch module 12, and a charging switch module 13. The first interface A and the second interface B are used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit 200, respectively.

[0027] The control terminals of the first switch module 11 are connected to the first interface A and the second interface B, respectively. The first terminal of the first switch module 11 is connected to the second interface B, the second terminal is connected to the first interface A, the third terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13, and the fourth terminal is grounded. The control terminals of the second switch module 12 are connected to the first interface A and the second interface B, respectively. The first terminal of the second switch module 12 is connected to the first interface A, the second terminal is connected to the second interface B, the third terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13, and the fourth terminal is grounded. The first terminal of the charging switch module 13 is connected to the third terminal of the first switch module 11 and the third terminal of the second switch module 12, and the second terminal is used to connect to the input power supply 300.

[0028] When the second terminal of the charging switch module 13 is connected to the input power supply 300, and the first interface A and the second interface B are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit 200, the energy storage unit 200 controls the first switch module 11 to conduct, and the input power supply controls the charging switch module 13 to conduct, establishing a charging channel between the input power supply 300, the charging switch module 13, the third terminal, the first terminal, the second interface B of the first switch module 11, the energy storage unit 200, the first interface A, the second terminal, the fourth terminal of the first switch module 11, and ground. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3a .

[0029] When the second terminal of the charging switch module 13 is connected to the input power supply 300, and the first interface A and the second interface B are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit 200, the energy storage unit 200 controls the second switch module 12 to conduct, and the input power supply controls the charging switch module 13 to conduct, establishing a charging channel between the input power supply 300, the charging switch module 13, the third terminal, the first terminal, the first interface A of the second switch module 12, the energy storage unit 200, the second interface B, the second terminal, the fourth terminal of the second switch module 12, and ground. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3b .

[0030] In this embodiment, the first switch module 11 and the second switch module 12, together with the charging switch module 13, form two charging channels. When the first interface A and the second interface B are connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit, respectively, the energy storage unit can be charged through the charging channel formed by the first switch module 11 and the charging switch module 13. When the first interface A and the second interface B are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit, respectively, the energy storage unit can be charged through the charging channel formed by the second switch module 12 and the charging switch module 13. This ensures that the energy storage unit can be charged normally regardless of whether the first interface A or the second interface B is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the energy storage unit 200, reducing the risk of failure and improving the safety of the energy storage unit 200.

[0031] The first interface A and the second interface B can be plug-in type, threaded type, snap-fit ​​type, spring contact type, welded type or special structure type.

[0032] Specifically, in some embodiments, the first switch module 11 has a first control terminal and a second control terminal. The first control terminal is connected to the first interface A, and the second control terminal is connected to the second interface B. The first switch module 11 is configured such that when the first control terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 200 and the second control terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit 200, the first switch module 11 turns on its first and third terminals, and its second and fourth terminals respectively, so as to connect the second interface B (positive terminal of the energy storage unit) to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13, and the first interface A (negative terminal of the energy storage unit) to ground.

[0033] The second switch module 12 has a first control terminal and a second control terminal. The first control terminal is connected to the second interface B, and the second control terminal is connected to the first interface A. The second switch module 12 is configured such that when the first control terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 200 and the second control terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit 200, the second switch module 12 turns on its first terminal and third terminal, and second terminal and fourth terminal respectively, so as to connect the first interface A (positive terminal of the energy storage unit) with the first terminal of the charging switch module 13, and the second interface B with ground.

[0034] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates one structure of the first switch module 11 and the second switch module 12, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the first switch module 11 includes a first switch unit 111 and a second switch unit 112. In the first switch unit 111, the control terminal is connected to the first interface A, the first end is connected to the second interface B, and the second end is connected to the first end of the charging switch module 13. The first switch unit 111 is configured to conduct the first end and the second end of the first switch unit 111 when its control terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish a connection between the second interface B and the first end of the charging switch module 13.

[0035] In the second switching unit 112, the control terminal is connected to the second interface B, the first terminal is connected to the first interface A, and the second terminal is grounded. The second switching unit 112 is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the second switching unit 112 when its control terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit 200, so as to establish the connection between the first interface A and the ground.

[0036] In the first switch unit 111, its control terminal corresponds to the first control terminal of the first switch module 11, its first end corresponds to the first end of the first switch module 11, and its second end corresponds to the third end of the first switch module 11. In the second switch unit 112, its control terminal corresponds to the second control terminal of the first switch module 11, its first end corresponds to the second end of the first switch module 11, and its second end corresponds to the fourth end of the first switch module 11.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the second switch module 12 includes a third switch unit 121 and a fourth switch unit 122. In the third switch unit 121, the control terminal is connected to the second interface B, the first terminal is connected to the first interface A, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13. The third switch unit 121 is configured to conduct the first terminal and the second terminal of the third switch unit 121 when its control terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit 200, so as to establish a connection between the first interface A and the first terminal of the charging switch module 13.

[0038] In the fourth switching unit 122, the control terminal is connected to the first interface A, the first terminal is connected to the second interface B, and the second terminal is grounded. The fourth switching unit 122 is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the fourth switching unit when its control terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit 200, so as to establish the connection between the second interface B and the ground.

[0039] In the third switch unit 121, its control terminal corresponds to the first control terminal of the second switch module 12, its first end corresponds to the first end of the second switch module 12, and its second end corresponds to the third end of the second switch module 12. In the fourth switch unit 122, its control terminal corresponds to the second control terminal of the second switch module 12, its first end corresponds to the second end of the second switch module 12, and its second end corresponds to the fourth end of the second switch module 12.

[0040] In some more specific embodiments, the first switching unit 111 includes a first resistor and a first transistor, and / or the second switching unit 112 includes a second resistor and a second transistor, and / or the third switching unit 121 includes a third resistor and a third transistor, and / or the fourth switching unit 122 includes a fourth resistor and a fourth transistor.

[0041] Figure 5 A more specific structure of the charging circuit is shown, such as Figure 5As shown, the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first interface A, and the second end is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor Q1. The first end of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the second interface B, and the second end is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13. The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second interface B, and the second end is connected to the control terminal of the second transistor Q2. The first end of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first interface A, and the second end is grounded.

[0042] The first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second interface B, and the second end is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor Q3. The first end of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the first interface A, and the second end is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13. The first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the first interface A, and the second end is connected to the control terminal of the fourth transistor Q4. The first end of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the second interface B, and the second end is grounded.

[0043] The first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, and the fourth transistor Q4 include bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), junction field-effect transistors (JFETs), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

[0044] The first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 have opposite polarities, and the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4 have opposite polarities, for example, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, the third transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor, and the fourth transistor Q4 is an NPN transistor. In this embodiment, the control terminal of the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, and the fourth transistor Q4 is the base, the first terminal is the collector, and the second terminal is the emitter.

[0045] The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4 are all bias resistors, which provide bias voltages to the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, and the fourth transistor Q4 to turn on each transistor.

[0046] When the charging switch module 13 is configured to connect to the positive terminal of the input power supply 300, it turns on its first and second terminals to connect to the input power supply 300. In some embodiments, the charging switch module 13 also has a control terminal, which is connected to the second terminal. The charging switch module 13 can be configured to turn on its first and second terminals when the control terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply 300.

[0047] Figure 5A structure of the charging switch module 13 is shown, including a fifth transistor Q5 and a fifth resistor R5. The first terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 and the first terminal of the fifth resistor are connected to the input power supply 300. The second terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the third terminal of the first switch module 11 and the third terminal of the second switch module 12. The control terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5.

[0048] The fifth type of transistor includes bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), junction field-effect transistors (JFETs), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

[0049] The fifth transistor Q5 conducts based on a positive voltage, for example, as shown in... Figure 5 As shown, the fifth transistor Q5 is an N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOS). In this embodiment, the control terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 is the gate, the first terminal is the source, and the second terminal is the drain.

[0050] The function of the fifth resistor R5 is to provide a turn-on voltage for the fifth transistor Q5 so that the fifth transistor Q5 can be turned on.

[0051] In other embodiments, the charging circuit 10 further includes a voltage regulator module 14, please refer to... Figure 6 The first terminal of the voltage regulator module 14 is connected to the input power supply 300, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator module 14 is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module 13. The voltage regulator module is configured to output a first voltage V1 at its second terminal when connected to the input power supply, that is, to provide a stable first voltage V1 at the first terminal of the charging switch module 13. The first voltage V1 is used to provide a charging voltage to the energy storage unit 200. The voltage regulator module 14 enables the energy storage unit 200 to be charged with a stable charging voltage, protecting the energy storage device 200 and improving its service life.

[0052] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a structure of a voltage regulator module 14, including a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, and a voltage regulator device (Zenith diode U1 is shown as an example in the diagram, and will be used as an example in the following description). The first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor R5 and the control terminal of the fifth transistor Q5. The second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode U1, and the second end of the Zener diode U1 is grounded. The third end of the Zener diode U1 is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor R7 and the first end of the eighth resistor R8. The second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second end of the fifth transistor Q5, providing a stable voltage V2 at the second end of the fifth transistor Q5. The second end of the eighth resistor R8 is grounded.

[0053] Among them, Zener diode U1 is used to output a stable reference voltage V1, the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 are resistors used for voltage division, and the sixth resistor R6 is used for current limiting to protect the fifth transistor Q5.

[0054] When the energy storage unit 200 is charging, the input power supply 300 is connected, the fifth transistor Q5 closes, and the input power supply 300 provides operating current to the Zener diode U1 through resistor R5, causing the Zener diode U1 to output a stable reference voltage V1. This reference voltage V1 is then provided at the second terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 through a voltage divider circuit composed of the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8. The calculation formula is V2 = V1 / r8*(r7+r8), where r8 is the resistance of the eighth resistor R8 and r7 is the resistance of the seventh resistor R7. By adjusting the resistance values ​​of the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8, the voltage V2 at the second terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 can be adjusted, that is, the charging voltage of the energy storage unit 200 can be adjusted.

[0055] In some embodiments, the charging circuit 10 further includes an overcurrent control unit 15, please refer to... Figure 7 The first end of the overcurrent control unit 15 is connected to the third end of the first switch module 11 and the third end of the second switch module 12. The second end of the overcurrent control unit 15 is connected to the first end of the charging switch module 13. The third end of the overcurrent control unit 15 is connected to the control end of the charging switch module 13.

[0056] The overcurrent control unit 15 is configured to output a first-level signal to the charging switch module 13 when the charging current of the charging circuit 10 is greater than or equal to a first current. The charging switch module 13 turns off when it receives the first-level signal. In some embodiments, the first-level signal is a low-level signal, and the charging switch module 13 turns on based on a high-level signal and turns off based on a low-level signal.

[0057] The first current can be preset based on the component models, performance, and safety requirements of the charging circuit.

[0058] Figure 8An overcurrent control unit 15 is shown, comprising a sampling resistor Rm, a sixth transistor Q6, a ninth resistor R9, a first light-emitting diode LED1, and a seventh transistor Q7. The first terminal of the sampling resistor Rm is connected to the second terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 and the second terminal of the sixth transistor Q6. The second terminal of the sampling resistor Rm is connected to the third terminal of the first switching module 11, the third terminal of the second switching module 12, and the control terminal of the sixth transistor Q6. The first terminal of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9. The second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the anode of the first light-emitting diode LED1. The cathode of the first light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to the control terminal of the seventh transistor Q7. The first terminal of the seventh transistor Q7 is connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 and the control terminal of the fifth transistor Q5. The second terminal of the seventh transistor Q7 is grounded.

[0059] The sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 include bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), junction field-effect transistors (JFETs), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

[0060] For example, such as Figure 8 As shown, the sixth transistor Q6 is a PNP transistor and the seventh transistor Q7 is an NPN transistor. In this embodiment, the control terminal of the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 is the base, the first terminal is the collector, and the second terminal is the emitter.

[0061] The sampling resistor Rm is used to set the first current. Different first currents can be set by adjusting the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rm. For example, if the on-state voltage of the sixth transistor Q6 is Vh and the first current is I1, then the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rm = Vh / I1. The ninth resistor R9 is the current-limiting resistor for the first light-emitting diode LED1. The first light-emitting diode LED1 is used to indicate overcurrent in the charging circuit. When there is overcurrent in the charging circuit, the first light-emitting diode LED1 lights up.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 8When charging circuit 10 is charging, current I flows through sampling resistor Rm. The voltage between the base and emitter of the sixth transistor Q6 is the product of the charging current I and the resistance of sampling resistor Rm. As the charging current continues to increase, the product increases. When it reaches the turn-on voltage of the sixth transistor Q6, the sixth transistor Q6 turns on, establishing a connection between the positive terminal of the input power supply 300 and the ninth resistor R9. The anode of the first light-emitting diode LED1 is at a high level, and the first light-emitting diode LED1 turns on. The base of the seventh transistor Q7 is at a high level, and the seventh transistor Q7 turns on, pulling the gate of the fifth transistor Q5 low. The fifth transistor Q5 turns off, the first light-emitting diode LED1 turns off, and the charging circuit is disconnected.

[0063] This embodiment of the application improves safety by automatically disconnecting the input power supply 300 and the energy storage unit 200 when an overcurrent occurs by setting an overcurrent control unit 15. Furthermore, an indicator light provides a warning, facilitating troubleshooting by maintenance personnel. In other embodiments, the overcurrent control unit 15 may not include the first light-emitting diode LED1.

[0064] In some other embodiments, the charging circuit further includes a first diode D1, the cathode of which is connected to the third terminal of the first switching module 11 and the third terminal of the second switching module 12, and the anode of which is connected to the first terminal of the charging switching module 13. Figure 9 This diagram illustrates a specific connection relationship for the first diode D1. Please refer to the diagram. Figure 9 The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 and the second terminal of the third transistor Q3, and the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the control terminal of the sixth transistor Q6 and the sampling resistor Rm. The first diode D1 is configured to prevent backflow and is used to limit the current flowing from the energy storage unit 200 to the input power supply 300.

[0065] In some other embodiments, the charging circuit further includes a tenth resistor R10 and a second light-emitting diode LED2. The first end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the first end of the charging switch module 13, the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the anode of the second light-emitting diode LED2, and the cathode of the second light-emitting diode LED2 is grounded.

[0066] In some more specific embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the first end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the control terminal of the sixth transistor Q6, and the sampling resistor Rm. The second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the anode of the second light-emitting diode LED2, and the cathode of the second light-emitting diode is grounded.

[0067] The second LED (LED2) serves as an indicator of normal charging operation. When the charging circuit is charging normally, LED2 illuminates; when the charging circuit is disconnected, LED2 turns off. The tenth resistor, R10, is the current-limiting resistor for LED2. The indicator light from LED2 provides a more intuitive understanding of the circuit status.

[0068] The following example illustrates the operation of the charging circuit. Please refer to the following embodiment. Figure 11a and Figure 11b The diagrams all use batteries as an example to illustrate the energy storage unit.

[0069] When the input power signal VIN is connected, the first interface A is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the second interface B is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, the base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and conducts, and the base of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and conducts. The charging channel is VIN-fifth transistor Q5-first transistor Q1-second interface B-battery-first interface A--second transistor Q2-ground, and the battery is charged through this charging channel.

[0070] When the input power signal VIN is connected, the first interface A is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second interface B is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the base of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and conducts, and the base of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and conducts. The charging channel is VIN-fifth transistor Q5-third transistor Q3-first interface A-battery-fourth transistor Q4-ground, and the battery is charged through this charging channel.

[0071] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

[0072] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and the steps can be implemented in any order. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A charging circuit, characterized in that, include: First and second interfaces for connecting the energy storage unit; A first switch module, wherein the control terminal of the first switch module is connected to the first interface and the second interface, the first terminal is connected to the second interface, and the second terminal is connected to the first interface; The second switch module has a control terminal connected to the first interface and the second interface, a first terminal connected to the first interface, and a second terminal connected to the second interface. A charging switch module, wherein a first terminal of the charging switch module is connected to a third terminal of a first switch module and a third terminal of a second switch module, a second terminal of the charging switch module is used to connect to an input power supply, and a fourth terminal of the first switch module and a fourth terminal of the second switch module are grounded. When the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply and the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is used to control the first switch module to be turned on and the input power supply is used to control the charging switch module to be turned on. When the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the input power supply and the first interface and the second interface are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is used to control the second switch module to turn on and the input power supply is used to control the charging switch module to turn on.

2. The charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch module includes a first switch unit and a second switch unit, and the second switch module includes a third switch unit and a fourth switch unit; In the first switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the first interface, the first terminal is connected to the second interface, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The first switching unit is configured to conduct the first terminal and the second terminal of the first switching unit when the control terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish a connection between the second interface and the first terminal of the charging switch module. In the second switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the second interface, the first terminal is connected to the first interface, and the second terminal is grounded. The second switching unit is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the second switching unit when the control terminal of the second switching unit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish a connection between the first interface and ground. In the third switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the second interface, the first terminal is connected to the first interface, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The third switching unit is configured to conduct the first terminal and the second terminal of the third switching unit when the control terminal of the third switching unit is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish a connection between the first interface and the first terminal of the charging switch module. In the fourth switching unit, the control terminal is connected to the first interface, the first terminal is connected to the second interface, and the second terminal is grounded. The fourth switching unit is configured to conduct the first and second terminals of the fourth switching unit when the control terminal of the fourth switching unit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage unit, so as to establish a connection between the second interface and ground.

3. The charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching unit includes a first resistor and a first transistor. The first end of the first resistor is connected to the first interface, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the control terminal of the first transistor, the first end of the first transistor is connected to the second interface, and the second end of the first transistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module. The second switching unit includes a second resistor and a second transistor. The first end of the second resistor is connected to the second interface, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the control terminal of the second transistor, the first end of the second transistor is connected to the first interface, and the second end of the second transistor is grounded. The third switching unit includes a third resistor and a third transistor. The first end of the third resistor is connected to the second interface, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor, the first end of the third transistor is connected to the first interface, and the second end of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The fourth switching unit includes a fourth resistor and a fourth transistor. The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first interface, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the control terminal of the fourth transistor, the first end of the fourth transistor is connected to the second interface, and the second end of the fourth transistor is grounded.

4. The charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging circuit further includes an overcurrent control unit. The first terminal of the overcurrent control unit is connected to the third terminal of the first switch module and the third terminal of the second switch module. The second terminal of the overcurrent control unit is connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The third terminal of the overcurrent control unit is connected to the control terminal of the charging switch module. The overcurrent control unit is configured to output a first level signal to the charging switch module when the charging current of the charging circuit is greater than or equal to the first current. The charging switch module is configured to be turned on when the input power is connected to the control terminal, and turned off when the control terminal receives the first level signal.

5. The charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging circuit also includes a voltage regulator module, with a first terminal connected to the input power supply and a second terminal connected to the first terminal of the charging switch module. The voltage regulator module is configured to output a first voltage at its second terminal when connected to the input power supply.

6. The charging circuit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The charging switch module includes a fifth transistor and a fifth resistor. The first end of the fifth resistor and the first end of the fifth transistor are both used to connect to the input power supply. The second end of the fifth transistor is connected to the third end of the first switch module and the third end of the second switch module. The control end of the fifth transistor is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor.

7. The charging circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a voltage regulator device; The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the input power supply, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the voltage regulator, the second end of the voltage regulator is grounded, the third end of the voltage regulator is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor and the first end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module, and the second end of the eighth resistor is grounded.

8. The charging circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overcurrent control unit includes a sampling resistor, a sixth transistor, a ninth resistor, a first light-emitting diode, and a seventh transistor; The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module and the second end of the sixth transistor. The second end of the sampling resistor is connected to the third end of the first switch module, the third end of the second switch module, and the control end of the sixth transistor. The first end of the sixth transistor is connected to the first end of the ninth resistor. The second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the control end of the seventh transistor. The first end of the seventh transistor is connected to the control end of the charging switch module. The second end of the seventh transistor is grounded.

9. The charging circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The overcurrent control unit further includes a first light-emitting diode, the anode of which is connected to the second terminal of the ninth resistor, and the cathode of which is connected to the control terminal of the seventh transistor.

10. The charging circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The charging circuit further includes a first diode, the cathode of which is connected to the third terminal of the first switching module and the third terminal of the second switching module, and the anode of which is connected to the first terminal of the charging switching module.

11. The charging circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The charging circuit also includes a tenth resistor and a second light-emitting diode; The first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first end of the charging switch module, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the anode of the second light-emitting diode, and the cathode of the second light-emitting diode is grounded.

12. A charging device, characterized in that, Includes the charging circuit as described in any one of claims 1-11.

Images