Dual power supply communication box applied to photovoltaic tracking system

Abstract

The utility model relates to photovoltaic equipment technical field especially, more particularly to a kind of dual-power supply communication box applied to photovoltaic tracking system, including dual-power input unit, power switching circuit, power conversion circuit and load;Dual-power input unit is electrically connected to power switching circuit to input direct-current power supply or photovoltaic component output photovoltaic power supply, power switching circuit is built-in relay and is electrically connected with power conversion circuit, the power supply priority of external power interface is higher than photovoltaic power supply interface, power conversion circuit is electrically connected with load, power conversion circuit is used to receive direct-current power supply or photovoltaic power supply conversion and step-down to appropriate voltage value as load power supply.The utility model can solve the demand of existing dual-power supply communication box to meet photovoltaic tracking system to continuous power supply and stable data interaction, easily cause system data transmission interruption, module operation failure and other technical problems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic equipment technology, and in particular to a dual-power communication box for use in photovoltaic tracking systems. Background Technology

[0002] In a photovoltaic tracking system, the dual-power supply communication box is a key device to ensure the stable operation of the system. It mainly undertakes the functions of data processing and data transmission, needs to collect various types of data required for system operation, and provide continuous power supply for internal data processing, communication and sensing modules. Its power supply stability and functional reliability directly affect the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic tracking system.

[0003] Currently, although dual-power communication boxes can achieve dual power supply through photovoltaic modules and external DC power, there are obvious technical shortcomings in practical applications: First, the power switching logic is imperfect, the power supply priority between external power and photovoltaic power is not clearly defined, and there is a lack of reliable hardware switching mechanism, making it difficult to ensure the stability of external power supply priority; Second, the circuit design on which power switching depends is not fully adapted to the characteristics of photovoltaic power, and is easily affected by the output fluctuation of photovoltaic power, leading to switching misjudgment and power supply interruption problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a dual-power supply communication box for photovoltaic tracking systems, in order to solve the technical problems that existing dual-power supply communication boxes cannot meet the requirements of photovoltaic tracking systems for continuous power supply and stable data interaction, and are prone to causing system data transmission interruption, module operation failure and other technical problems.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A dual-power communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system includes a dual-power input unit, a power switching circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a load; The dual power input unit includes an external power interface and a photovoltaic power interface. The external power interface is used to connect to a DC power source, and the photovoltaic power interface is used to connect to the photovoltaic power output from the photovoltaic module. Both the external power interface and the photovoltaic power interface are electrically connected to the power switching circuit to input DC power or photovoltaic power. The power switching circuit has a built-in relay K and is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit. The power supply priority of the external power interface is higher than that of the photovoltaic power interface. The power conversion circuit is electrically connected to the load. The power conversion circuit is used to convert and step down the received DC power or photovoltaic power to a suitable voltage value to supply power to the load. The power switching circuit achieves power switching through the relay K. When there is DC power input to the external power interface, the DC power of the external power interface supplies power to the relay K and closes the normally open contact. The external power interface supplies power to the power conversion circuit through the closed normally open contact. When there is no DC power input to the external power interface, the relay K is de-energized, causing the normally open contact to open and the normally closed contact to close. The photovoltaic power interface provides photovoltaic power to the power conversion circuit through the closed normally closed contact.

[0006] Preferably, the power switching circuit further includes interface P1, interface P2, light-emitting diode LED1, light-emitting diode LED2, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R1, resistor R2 and resistor R3; Interface P1 is used to connect to a DC power source, interface P2 is used to connect to a photovoltaic power source, and interface P3 is used to output DC power or photovoltaic power. The relay K is an 8-pin component. Pins 1 and 8 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the coil contact, respectively. Pins 2 and 7 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally closed contact, respectively. Pins 3 and 6 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the common contact, respectively. Pins 4 and 5 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally open contact, respectively. The first end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the second end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 and the negative terminal of the normally open contact, and the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R2. The first end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the positive terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The second end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D4, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 and the negative terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The negative terminal of the diode D4 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R3, respectively. The positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the negative terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R1, the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of diode D2, and the positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of the normally open contact. The first end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the common contact, and the second end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the common contact.

[0007] Preferably, the load includes a core processing unit, a multi-channel communication unit, and an environmental sensing unit; The core processing unit is electrically connected to the multi-channel communication unit and the environmental sensing unit, respectively. The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive and process environmental data collected by the environmental sensing unit and external information received by the multi-channel communication unit. The environmental sensor is used to collect relevant environmental data; The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive information from external devices and send processed data to external devices through different communication protocols.

[0008] Preferably, the power conversion circuit includes a TD1509 step-down chip and an AMS1117 step-down chip; The TD1509 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit to 5V to power the multi-channel communication unit. The AMS1117 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit to 3.3V to power the core processing unit and the environmental sensing unit.

[0009] Preferably, the core processing unit is a 32-bit high-performance processor, using an STM32F103 chip.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-channel communication unit includes an RS485 communication circuit; The RS485 communication circuit uses an RS485 communication chip to convert the data from the core processing unit into a level that is compatible with external devices, thereby enabling communication with external devices and achieving remote data monitoring.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-channel communication unit further includes a GPS module; The GPS module uses a NEO-6M chip to receive GPS data and then output the data to the core processing unit via a serial port.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-channel communication unit further includes a Bluetooth module; The Bluetooth module uses a TB-05 Bluetooth chip, which acquires data from the mobile APP via a 2.4G wireless network and outputs it to the core processing unit via a serial port. At the same time, the data processed by the core processing unit is sent to external devices.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-channel communication unit further includes a ZigBee module; The ZigBee module uses an SZ05-ADV-7-TTL module to receive data via a 2.4G wireless network and output it to the core processing unit via a serial port. The core processing unit then processes the data and broadcasts it to other ZigBee modules.

[0014] Preferably, the environmental sensing unit includes a temperature sensor; The temperature sensor uses an 18B20 chip to detect the ambient temperature and output the data to the core processing unit.

[0015] One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects: (1) Solve the problem of “imperfect power switching logic”: By using the hardware switching mechanism of the built-in relay, the power supply priority of the external power interface is clearly defined, without relying on software control, avoiding priority disorder caused by software failure, ensuring the stability of the external power supply, and meeting the core requirement of photovoltaic tracking system for “stable power supply”.

[0016] (2) Solve the problem of “switching misjudgment and power supply interruption”: The switching logic of the relay is directly controlled by the on / off state of the external power supply and is not affected by the output fluctuation of the photovoltaic power supply (such as the voltage fluctuation of the photovoltaic power supply due to the change of irradiance). It can accurately realize the switching of “when the external power supply is normal, the photovoltaic power supply will be given priority; when the external power supply is interrupted, the photovoltaic power supply will be replenished”, completely avoid switching misjudgment, eliminate the risk of power supply interruption, and ensure the continuity of data processing and transmission.

[0017] (3) Adapting to load power supply requirements: The power conversion circuit can convert the input power into the appropriate voltage required by the load, providing matching power to the internal data processing, communication and sensing modules, avoiding module operation failures caused by voltage mismatch, further improving the functional reliability of the dual power supply communication box, and indirectly ensuring the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic tracking system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a dual-power supply communication box used in a photovoltaic tracking system. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a dual-power supply communication box used in a photovoltaic tracking system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a power switching circuit used in a dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system. In the attached diagram: external power interface 10, photovoltaic power interface 20, power switching circuit 30, power conversion circuit 40, RS485 communication circuit 60, GPS module 70, Bluetooth module 80, load 50, ZigBee module 90, temperature sensor 100, and core processing unit 200. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "level", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] A dual-power communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system includes a dual power input unit, a power switching circuit 30, a power conversion circuit 40, and a load 50. The dual power input unit includes an external power interface 10 and a photovoltaic power interface 20. The external power interface 10 is used to connect to a DC power source, and the photovoltaic power interface 20 is used to connect to the photovoltaic power output from the photovoltaic module. The external power interface 10 and the photovoltaic power interface 20 are both electrically connected to the power switching circuit 30 to input DC power or photovoltaic power. The power switching circuit 30 has a built-in relay K and is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit 40. The power supply priority of the external power interface 10 is higher than that of the photovoltaic power interface 20. The power conversion circuit 40 is electrically connected to the load 50. The power conversion circuit 40 is used to convert and step down the received DC power or photovoltaic power to a suitable voltage value to power the load 50. The power switching circuit 30 achieves power switching through the relay K. When the external power interface 10 has DC power input, the DC power of the external power interface 10 supplies power to the relay K and closes the normally open contact. The external power interface 10 supplies power to the power conversion circuit 40 through the closed normally open contact. When there is no DC power input to the external power interface 10, the relay K is de-energized, causing the normally open contact to open and the normally closed contact to close. The photovoltaic power interface 20 then provides photovoltaic power to the power conversion circuit 40 through the closed normally closed contact.

[0024] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this dual-power communication box achieves stable operation through a closed-loop logic of "dual power input - hardware switching - voltage conversion - load power supply". The specific process is as follows: First, a stable DC power supply is connected through the external power interface 10 of the dual power input unit, and the photovoltaic power output from the photovoltaic module is connected through the photovoltaic power interface 20. Both power supplies are simultaneously connected to the power switching circuit 30 to provide the input basis for subsequent power supply switching.

[0025] The power switching circuit 30 incorporates a built-in relay K to clearly define the priority of external power supply through a hardware mechanism. When there is DC power input at the external power interface 10, the DC power directly supplies power to the relay K, causing the normally open contact of the relay K to close and the normally closed contact to open. The external power is then transmitted to the power conversion circuit 40 through the closed normally open contact. When there is no DC power input at the external power interface 10, the relay K is de-energized, its normally open contact to open and its normally closed contact to close. The photovoltaic power from the photovoltaic power interface (20) is switched to the power conversion circuit 40 through the closed normally closed contact, thus completing the automatic switching of power supply.

[0026] Finally, when the power conversion circuit 40 receives the power (DC power or photovoltaic power) output by the power switching circuit 30, it converts and steps it down to the voltage value suitable for the load 50, providing stable power to the data processing, communication and sensing modules in the load 50, and ensuring the normal operation of the load function.

[0027] To further explain, the power switching circuit 30 also includes interface P1, interface P2, light-emitting diode LED1, light-emitting diode LED2, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R1, resistor R2, and resistor R3. Interface P1 is used to connect to a DC power source, interface P2 is used to connect to a photovoltaic power source, and interface P3 is used to output DC power or photovoltaic power. The relay K is an 8-pin component. Pins 1 and 8 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the coil contact, respectively. Pins 2 and 7 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally closed contact, respectively. Pins 3 and 6 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the common contact, respectively. Pins 4 and 5 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally open contact, respectively. The first end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the second end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 and the negative terminal of the normally open contact, and the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R2. The first end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the positive terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The second end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D4, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 and the negative terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The negative terminal of the diode D4 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R3, respectively. The positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the negative terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R1, the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of diode D2, and the positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of the normally open contact. The first end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the common contact, and the second end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the common contact.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, when an external DC power supply is input: after voltage division by resistor R2 at terminal 1 of interface P1, one path supplies power to LED1, at which point the LED on LED1 lights up; the other path is input to the positive terminal (pin 1) of relay K coil via diode D3 and diode D1, and the negative terminal (pin 8) of the coil is grounded via resistor R1. When relay K coil is energized, normally open contacts (pins 4 and 5) close and normally closed contacts (pins 2 and 7) open. The external DC power supply is transmitted through normally open contacts (pins 4 and 5) to common contacts (pins 3 and 6), and then output to power conversion circuit 40 through interface P3.

[0029] When the photovoltaic power supply is in operation: After voltage division by resistor R3, one path of terminal P2 supplies power to LED2, which lights up the LED on LED2. The other path is input to the relay K coil through diode D4. However, at this time, there is no external power input, the coil is de-energized, and the normally closed contacts (pins 2 and 7) close. The photovoltaic power supply is transmitted through the normally closed contacts (pins 2 and 7) to the common contacts (pins 3 and 6), and then output to the power conversion circuit 40 through interface P3.

[0030] In summary, the power switching circuit 30 has the following beneficial effects: First, LED1 and LED2 indicate the working status of the external power supply and the photovoltaic power supply, respectively, which can quickly determine the current power supply mode and facilitate troubleshooting.

[0031] Secondly, diodes D1-D4 prevent reverse current surges, and resistors R1-R3 achieve current limiting and voltage division, avoiding damage to relay K and internal modules caused by power fluctuations or reverse connection, thus extending the service life of the equipment.

[0032] Finally, by dividing the contacts of the 8-pin relay, the correspondence between "normally open - external power supply" and "normally closed - photovoltaic power supply" is clearly defined to avoid switching lag or accidental triggering.

[0033] To further explain, the load 50 includes a core processing unit 200, a multi-channel communication unit, and an environmental sensing unit; The core processing unit 200 is electrically connected to the multi-channel communication unit and the environmental sensing unit, respectively. The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive and process environmental data collected by the environmental sensing unit and external information received by the multi-channel communication unit. The environmental sensor is used to collect relevant environmental data; The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive information from external devices and send processed data to external devices through different communication protocols.

[0034] Specifically, the core processing unit 200, acting as the control center, receives environmental data (such as temperature and wind speed) collected by the environmental sensing unit, performs filtering and calculations, and then transmits the data to the multi-channel communication unit. The multi-channel communication unit uses different communication protocols (such as RS485, ZigBee, and Bluetooth) to send the processed data to external devices (such as controllers, SCADA systems, and mobile apps), while simultaneously receiving control commands from these external devices. This information is then fed back to the core processing unit 200, creating a closed loop of "data acquisition-processing-transmission-command reception." The environmental sensing unit monitors the surrounding environmental parameters of the photovoltaic tracking system in real time, providing the core processing unit 200 with decision-making support (such as triggering the tracking system's shutdown protection when wind speed is too high).

[0035] To further explain, the power conversion circuit 40 includes a TD1509 step-down chip and an AMS1117 step-down chip; The TD1509 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit 30 to 5V to power the multi-channel communication unit. The AMS1117 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit 30 to 3.3V to power the core processing unit 200 and the environmental sensing unit.

[0036] Specifically, the power conversion circuit 40 receives the voltage (≤60VDC) output from the power switching circuit 30 and converts it through two step-down chips: the TD1509 step-down chip stably steps down the input voltage to 5VDC to power the multi-channel communication unit (such as RS485 communication circuit 60, ZigBee module 90, GPS module 70)—the operating voltage requirement of this type of module is 5VDC, matching the output characteristics of the TD1509; the AMS1117 step-down chip further steps down the input voltage to 3.3VDC to power the core processing unit (200, STM32F103 chip) and the environmental sensing unit (such as temperature sensor 100)—the standard operating voltage of this type of chip is 3.3VDC, ensuring operational stability.

[0037] In summary, the power conversion circuit 40 uses dedicated step-down chips (TD1509, AMS1117) to supply power to different load units according to their voltage requirements, avoiding the problem of "undervoltage or overvoltage of some modules due to a single voltage output" and improving the operational stability of each module.

[0038] To further explain, the core processing unit 200 is a 32-bit high-performance processor, using an STM32F103 chip.

[0039] Specifically, the core processing unit 200 uses an STM32F103 chip (32-bit high-performance processor), which has multi-channel GPIO interface and serial communication functions: it receives time data from the GPS module 70 through serial port 1, temperature data from the temperature sensor 100 through serial port 2, and analog / digital signals from other environmental sensing units through the GPIO interface; the chip internally filters (removes interference signals), calculates (such as calculating hourly average temperature), and stores (temporarily caches key data) the received data through a preset program, and communicates with the ZigBee module 90 through serial port 3 and with the RS485 communication circuit 60 through serial port 4 to realize multi-path data transmission; in addition, the chip supports interrupt response function. When receiving an external emergency command (such as a stop command), it can prioritize interrupting the current task and quickly execute the command.

[0040] To further explain, the multi-channel communication unit includes an RS485 communication circuit 60; The RS485 communication circuit 60 uses an RS485 communication chip to convert the data from the core processing unit 200 into a level that is compatible with external devices, thereby enabling communication with external devices and achieving remote data monitoring.

[0041] Specifically, the RS485 communication circuit 60 uses an RS485 communication chip (such as MAX485). The core processing unit 200 outputs the processed data (such as ambient temperature and tracking system angle) to the RS485 chip via TTL level. The RS485 chip converts the TTL level into a differential signal (RS485 standard level) and transmits it to external devices (such as SCADA systems and controllers) via twisted pair cable. Differential signals have strong anti-interference capabilities and can achieve long-distance transmission (maximum transmission distance of 1200 meters). At the same time, the RS485 chip receives the differential signal from the external device, converts it into TTL level, and feeds it back to the core processing unit 200 to achieve bidirectional communication and meet the needs of remote data monitoring (such as real-time viewing of photovoltaic module power generation efficiency).

[0042] Furthermore, the multi-channel communication unit also includes a GPS module 70; The GPS module (70) uses a NEO-6M chip to receive GPS data and output the data to the core processing unit 200 via a serial port.

[0043] Specifically, the GPS module (70) uses a NEO-6M chip, which receives satellite signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) through a satellite antenna and parses out data such as timestamps and latitude and longitude (of which time data is the core requirement); the module outputs the parsed GPS data to the core processing unit 200 in real time through a serial port (TTL level); the core processing unit 200 calibrates the GPS time data with its own clock to ensure that the data acquisition and transmission time are synchronized. The photovoltaic tracking system needs to be based on a precise time scheduling tracking strategy (such as adjusting the component angle according to the solar azimuth angle), and the timestamp can be used to mark historical data to facilitate the later tracing of the cause of the fault (such as a sudden drop in power generation efficiency at a certain time).

[0044] Furthermore, the multi-channel communication unit also includes a Bluetooth module 80; The Bluetooth module 80 uses a TB-05 Bluetooth chip, which acquires data from the mobile APP via a 2.4G wireless network and outputs it to the core processing unit 200 via a serial port. At the same time, the data processed by the core processing unit 200 is sent to external devices.

[0045] Specifically, the Bluetooth module 80 uses the TB-05 Bluetooth chip (supporting 2.4G wireless networks), which establishes a wireless connection with external devices (such as mobile apps) via the Bluetooth protocol: control commands sent by the mobile app (such as "read the current temperature" and "manually adjust the tracking angle") are transmitted to the TB-05 chip via 2.4G wireless signals. The chip converts the wireless signal into TTL level serial port data and outputs it to the core processing unit 200. After executing the commands, the core processing unit 200 feeds back the processing results (such as the current temperature value and the adjusted angle value) to the TB-05 chip via the serial port. The chip then converts the data into 2.4G wireless signals and sends them to the mobile app to realize human-computer interaction. In addition, the module supports Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mode to reduce power consumption during standby.

[0046] Furthermore, the multi-channel communication unit also includes a ZigBee module 90; The ZigBee module 90 adopts an SZ05-ADV-7-TTL module, which is used to receive data through a 2.4G wireless network and output it to the core processing unit 200 via a serial port. The core processing unit 200 processes the data and broadcasts it to other ZigBee modules.

[0047] Specifically, the ZigBee module 90 uses the SZ05-ADV-7-TTL module (based on the ZigBee wireless protocol), which establishes a Mesh network (multi-node interconnection network) with other ZigBee modules in the photovoltaic tracking system via a 2.4G wireless network. This module receives wireless data (such as environmental data from adjacent communication boxes and tracking system status) sent by other ZigBee modules, converts it into TTL level serial port data, and outputs it to the core processing unit 200. The core processing unit 200 integrates and processes the local data with the received external data, and then broadcasts it to other ZigBee modules in the Mesh network through the SZ05-ADV-7-TTL module, realizing data sharing among multiple communication boxes. At the same time, the module supports automatic reconnection. If a node disconnects, data can be routed through other nodes to ensure network stability.

[0048] To further explain, the environmental sensing unit includes a temperature sensor 100; The temperature sensor 100 uses an 18B20 chip to detect the ambient temperature and output the data to the core processing unit 200.

[0049] Specifically, the temperature sensor 100 uses an 18B20 chip (single-bus digital temperature sensor), which is connected to the core processing unit 200 via a single data line. The temperature sensing element inside the chip detects the ambient temperature in real time, converts the temperature signal into a digital signal, and sends it to the core processing unit 200 via the single-bus protocol. The core processing unit 200 reads the digital signal through a preset program, parses the actual temperature value (accuracy ±0.5℃), and determines whether to trigger a protection command based on the temperature threshold (e.g., when the temperature exceeds 60℃, control the photovoltaic tracking system to reduce the workload and avoid overheating damage to the components).

[0050] The technical principles of this utility model have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort, and these equivalent variations or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A dual-power supply communication box for use in a photovoltaic tracking system, characterized in that, It includes a dual power input unit, a power switching circuit (30), a power conversion circuit (40), and a load (50). The dual power input unit includes an external power interface (10) and a photovoltaic power interface (20). The external power interface (10) is used to connect to a DC power source, and the photovoltaic power interface (20) is used to connect to the photovoltaic power output from the photovoltaic module. The external power interface (10) and the photovoltaic power interface (20) are both electrically connected to the power switching circuit (30) to input DC power or photovoltaic power. The power switching circuit (30) has a built-in relay K and is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit (40). The power supply priority of the external power interface (10) is higher than that of the photovoltaic power interface (20). The power conversion circuit (40) is electrically connected to the load (50). The power conversion circuit (40) is used to convert and step down the received DC power or photovoltaic power to a suitable voltage value to power the load (50). The power switching circuit (30) achieves power switching through the relay K. When the external power interface (10) has DC power input, the DC power of the external power interface (10) supplies power to the relay K and closes the normally open contact. The external power interface (10) supplies power to the power conversion circuit (40) through the closed normally open contact. When there is no DC power input to the external power interface (10), the relay K is de-energized, causing the normally open contact to open and the normally closed contact to close. The photovoltaic power interface (20) provides photovoltaic power to the power conversion circuit (40) through the closed normally closed contact.

2. The dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power switching circuit (30) also includes interface P1, interface P2, light-emitting diode LED1, light-emitting diode LED2, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R1, resistor R2 and resistor R3; Interface P1 is used to connect to a DC power source, interface P2 is used to connect to a photovoltaic power source, and interface P3 is used to output DC power or photovoltaic power. The relay K is an 8-pin component. Pins 1 and 8 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the coil contact, respectively. Pins 2 and 7 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally closed contact, respectively. Pins 3 and 6 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the common contact, respectively. Pins 4 and 5 of the relay K are the positive and negative terminals of the normally open contact, respectively. The first end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the second end of the interface P1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 and the negative terminal of the normally open contact, and the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R2. The first end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the positive terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The second end of the interface P2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D4, the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 and the negative terminal of the normally closed contact, respectively. The negative terminal of the diode D4 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 are electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R3, respectively. The positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the normally open contact, the negative terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R1, the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of diode D2, and the positive terminal of diode D2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the coil contact and the negative terminal of the normally open contact. The first end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the common contact, and the second end of the interface P3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the common contact.

3. The dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load (50) includes a core processing unit (200), a multi-channel communication unit, and an environmental sensing unit; The core processing unit (200) is electrically connected to the multi-channel communication unit and the environmental sensing unit, respectively; The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive and process environmental data collected by the environmental sensing unit and external information received by the multi-channel communication unit. The environmental sensor is used to collect relevant environmental data; The multi-channel communication unit is used to receive information from external devices and send processed data to external devices through different communication protocols.

4. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power conversion circuit (40) includes a TD1509 step-down chip and an AMS1117 step-down chip; The TD1509 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit (30) to 5V to power the multi-channel communication unit. The AMS1117 step-down chip reduces the voltage output by the power switching circuit (30) to 3.3V to power the core processing unit (200) and the environmental sensing unit.

5. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The core processing unit (200) is a 32-bit high-performance processor using an STM32F103 chip.

6. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-channel communication unit includes an RS485 communication circuit (60); The RS485 communication circuit (60) uses an RS485 communication chip to convert the data of the core processing unit (200) into a level that is compatible with external devices, so as to realize communication with external devices and thus realize remote data monitoring.

7. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-channel communication unit also includes a GPS module (70); The GPS module (70) uses a NEO-6M chip to receive GPS data and output the data to the core processing unit (200) via a serial port.

8. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-channel communication unit also includes a Bluetooth module (80); The Bluetooth module (80) uses a TB-05 Bluetooth chip, acquires mobile APP data through a 2.4G wireless network and outputs it to the core processing unit (200) via a serial port. At the same time, the data processed by the core processing unit (200) is sent to an external device.

9. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-channel communication unit also includes a ZigBee module (90); The ZigBee module (90) adopts an SZ05-ADV-7-TTL module, which is used to receive data through a 2.4G wireless network and output it to the core processing unit (200) via a serial port. The core processing unit (200) processes the data and broadcasts it to other ZigBee modules.

10. A dual-power supply communication box for a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The environmental sensing unit includes a temperature sensor (100). The temperature sensor (100) uses an 18B20 chip to detect the ambient temperature and output the data to the core processing unit (200).

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