An electrical energy harvesting system

Abstract

The utility model belongs to but is not limited to the electric power equipment technical field, especially, relates to a kind of electric energy acquisition system, including case, functional interface module, power supply guarantee module, communication and data interaction module and local monitoring and storage module, functional interface module, power supply guarantee module, communication and data interaction module, local monitoring and storage module are electrically connected by ISA standard bus and mainboard.The utility model can solve the problem of instantaneous power interruption: through the energy storage power supply unit of super capacitor composition, seamless power supply when power supply switching / interruption≥1s, completely avoid the influence of 500ms interruption to system;Redundant design of dual power supply+energy storage, improve power supply reliability;Extensible interface area, general hot-swap communication slot, support on-site as needed increase / decrease interface type / quantity;Preset multiple groups of configuration scheme, reduce on-site debugging time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to, but is not limited to, the field of power equipment technology, and particularly relates to an electrical energy harvesting system. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production, new energy utilization, and commercial operations, power data acquisition systems are core equipment for power monitoring, energy consumption analysis, and cost control. Their operational stability, configuration flexibility, and real-time data interaction directly impact energy management efficiency and production operation safety. Currently, power data acquisition systems are widely used in automotive parts processing plants (monitoring energy consumption of stamping equipment), photovoltaic power plants (collecting inverter power generation data), and large commercial complexes (managing air conditioning and lighting power consumption). However, existing systems still suffer from three key technical deficiencies in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the needs of complex scenarios: The problem of system shutdown and data loss caused by momentary power outages is prominent. Existing systems mostly adopt single AC / DC power supply or simple dual power supply switching design, lacking energy storage guarantee mechanisms: when an industrial workshop experiences a momentary power outage of 500ms due to grid load fluctuations, the power switching response delay usually exceeds 100ms, and there is no temporary power supply support, which can easily lead to the shutdown of the system motherboard and acquisition module, and the power data during the outage cannot be collected; photovoltaic power stations in remote areas have unstable power supply, and if they encounter a short-term power outage, it may even cause the communication link between the inverter and the acquisition system to be broken, requiring manual restart of the equipment to restore, further expanding the scope of data loss.

[0003] The existing systems suffer from insufficient flexibility in on-site configuration, resulting in high costs and low efficiency in adapting to different scenarios. The interface types and quantities of existing systems are mostly factory-fixed designs: for example, traditional systems are only equipped with two RS485 interfaces and one Ethernet port. When a photovoltaic power station adds new photovoltaic arrays and needs to expand the RS485 interfaces to connect more inverters, the entire data acquisition system host needs to be replaced, increasing equipment costs by more than 30%. Furthermore, the existing systems' acquisition frequency and communication parameters need to be set item by item through computer-connected debugging software. In multi-level data acquisition scenarios within commercial complexes, the debugging time for each additional data acquisition point on a floor requires more than 8 hours, severely slowing down project implementation.

[0004] The main station has weak perception of the on-site status and delayed response to anomalies. On the one hand, the existing system lacks multi-dimensional on-site monitoring methods: no monitoring modules are set up for key parameters such as temperature and humidity inside the chassis and interface connection status. If the temperature inside the chassis in a commercial complex rises to 45°C due to poor ventilation, it is easy to cause overheating failure of the acquisition module. The main station cannot detect this in real time and has to wait until the data is interrupted for a long time before manual investigation, which delays the handling of the fault. On the other hand, the data storage and retransmission mechanism is lacking: when the communication link is temporarily interrupted (such as the external network failure of the commercial complex), the existing system does not have local dual backup storage function. The data during the interruption is directly lost, and there is no automatic retransmission logic, which leads to incomplete energy consumption ledgers of the main station and affects the accuracy of energy audit. At the same time, the existing system can only passively receive query commands from the main station and cannot actively report faults such as power abnormalities and loose interfaces. The response time of the main station to on-site anomalies often exceeds 2 hours, which can easily cause equipment damage or energy consumption runaway due to delayed handling.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the urgent technical problems that need to be solved in the existing technology are: the existing power acquisition system has become a bottleneck restricting the refined management of energy due to insufficient power supply, poor configuration flexibility and lagging on-site status feedback. There is an urgent need for a new type of power acquisition system that can solve the impact of instantaneous power outages, support flexible configuration on demand, and realize real-time monitoring by the master station. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides an electrical energy harvesting system.

[0007] This utility model is implemented as follows: an electrical energy harvesting system, characterized in that it includes a chassis, a functional interface module, a power supply protection module, a communication and data interaction module, and a local monitoring and storage module. The functional interface module, the power supply protection module, the communication and data interaction module, and the local monitoring and storage module are all electrically connected to the motherboard via an ISA standard bus. The chassis is made of cold-rolled steel plate. It has an embedded mounting slot in the center of the front, a detachable modular interface panel on the back, a temperature and humidity sensor mounting position on the inner side wall, a cooling fan mounting slot on the top, and a grounding terminal on the bottom. The grounding terminal is connected to the chassis through a separate wire. A 7-inch color LCD touch screen is embedded in the embedded mounting slot. The touch screen is controlled by an independent 32-bit industrial CPU. The CPU communicates with the motherboard via RS232 port and is electrically connected to the parameter configuration module. The parameter configuration module has dual configuration interfaces, namely DIP switches and touch screen, and supports on-site manual adjustment of the acquisition frequency from 1Hz to 10Hz and the data upload interval from 1s to 60s. The modular interface panel, from left to right, features a power interface, an expandable interface area, and fixed function interfaces. The power interface is compatible with single input of AC 220V / 380V and DC 24V / 48V or simultaneous AC / DC input, and is equipped with a latch to prevent misinsertion. The expandable interface area has four standard PCI-E Mini slots, supporting the insertion and removal of RS485 expansion cards, RS232 expansion cards, or Gigabit Ethernet expansion cards. The fixed function interfaces include six Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports, two USB ports, and a serial port integrated board with two standard serial ports. The power supply module includes dual independent AC / DC power supplies, an energy storage power supply unit, a power switching control circuit, and a power status monitoring and alarm component. The energy storage power supply unit contains a supercapacitor bank and a charge / discharge management chip. The supercapacitor bank is electrically connected to the dual independent AC / DC power supplies and the ISA standard bus via the charge / discharge management chip, providing continuous power supply for ≥1s during power switching or momentary interruptions. The power switching control circuit uses a high-speed relay with a switching delay of ≤10ms to monitor the voltage of the dual independent AC / DC power supplies in real time. When one power supply is missing or faulty, it automatically switches to the other and triggers the energy storage power supply unit to replenish power synchronously. The power status monitoring and alarm component includes two power status indicator lights and a power information acquisition chip. The power information acquisition chip is electrically connected to the ISA standard bus and can transmit power voltage, switching status, and energy storage unit power data to the motherboard. When the power supply is abnormal or the energy storage power is insufficient, the motherboard sends an alarm to the main station through the communication and data interaction module and triggers the audible and visual alarm on the top of the chassis. The communication and data interaction module includes three universal communication slots and an expansion interface control chip. The three universal communication slots are located on the right side of the chassis and are compatible with RS232 modules, RS485 modules, modem modules, or 4G / 5G wireless modules. The modules are snap-fit ​​and support hot-swapping, and the inner wall of the slots is equipped with anti-reverse insertion contacts. The expansion interface control chip is located on the motherboard, which can identify the type of expansion card in the expansion interface area and automatically load the driver. It supports setting interface communication parameters via the touch screen and saves three sets of commonly used configuration schemes. The local monitoring and storage module includes a local storage unit, a field status monitoring component, and a master station interaction component. The local storage unit includes one SD card slot supporting up to 128GB SD cards and one SATA interface compatible with 2.5-inch solid-state drives. The system stores collected data in real time and employs a dual backup mechanism. The field status monitoring component includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a connection status detection circuit. The temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the inner side wall of the chassis and electrically connected to the motherboard. When the temperature exceeds 40℃ or the humidity exceeds 85% RH, it triggers the cooling fan to start and sends an alarm to the master station. The connection status detection circuit is located at the power interface, network interface, and communication slot. When the interface is loose or has poor contact, the touchscreen displays a fault prompt and sends an interface fault alarm to the master station. The master station interaction component includes a network interface and a Modem / 4G / 5G module. The network interface supports remote access by the master station via the TCP / IP protocol. The Modem / 4G / 5G module supports an active reporting mechanism, automatically sending alarm SMS / data frames to the master station when an anomaly occurs, with a reporting latency of ≤100ms. Furthermore, the parameter configuration module can adjust the acquisition frequency and data upload interval through a dual configuration interface of DIP switch and touch screen, adapting to different field requirements without disassembling or modifying the hardware. The power interface is compatible with AC voltages of 220V or 380V and DC voltages of 24V or 48V. The anti-misinsertion clip prevents the insertion of non-compatible plugs. Furthermore, the four PCI-E Mini slots in the expandable interface area allow for flexible adjustment of the number or type of interfaces on-site by inserting and removing different types of expansion cards. The fixed-function interface has 6 Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports of type RJ45, and the serial port integration board has 2 standard serial ports for connecting field serial devices. Furthermore, the supercapacitor bank of the energy storage power supply unit has a capacity of ≥5F and a withstand voltage of ≥50V, and the continuous power supply provided for ≥1s can cover the power interruption requirement of 500ms. The power status monitoring and alarm components detect three power abnormalities: power loss, power overvoltage, and power undervoltage. When the energy storage unit's power is insufficient, an audible and visual alarm and a main station alarm are triggered simultaneously. Furthermore, the universal communication slot of the communication and data interaction module supports hot-swapping, so the main system power supply does not need to be disconnected when the module is replaced. The extended interface control chip stores three commonly used configuration schemes: industrial field scheme, civilian field scheme, and remote transmission scheme. When switching between fields, these schemes can be directly called without repeating parameter settings. Furthermore, the local storage unit has a dual backup mechanism that allows the SD card and solid-state drive to store the collected data simultaneously. When communication is interrupted, the data is temporarily stored locally and automatically retransmitted to the main station after communication is restored. The environmental parameters collected by the temperature and humidity sensors of the on-site condition monitoring component are displayed on the touch screen in real time. When the temperature and humidity exceed the standard, the touch screen will simultaneously pop up an error message. Furthermore, the interface fault alarm information sent by the connection status detection circuit to the master station includes the specific location identifier of the faulty interface. The network interface of the main station interaction component allows the main station to remotely view the collected data, device status and historical alarm records displayed on the touch screen. The alarm data frames sent by the Modem / 4G / 5G module conform to the industrial communication standard protocol. Based on the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by this utility model are as follows: The advantages of this utility model include: solving the problem of instantaneous power interruption: through the energy storage power supply unit composed of supercapacitors, seamless power supply for ≥1s during power switching / interruption is achieved, completely avoiding the impact of 500ms interruption on the system; the redundant design of dual power supply + energy storage improves power reliability; Enhanced on-site configuration flexibility: Expandable interface area, universal hot-swappable communication slots, supporting on-site addition or removal of interface types / quantities as needed; multiple preset configuration schemes reduce on-site debugging time; Real-time monitoring of the main station: Local dual backup storage avoids data loss, multi-dimensional status monitoring (power, temperature and humidity, interface) + proactive alarms ensure that the main station can promptly detect on-site anomalies; remote access function simplifies the main station's management of the site and reduces manual operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the electrical energy harvesting system provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the power supply protection module provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the communication and flexible configuration module provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the local monitoring and main station interaction module provided in this embodiment of the utility model; In the diagram: 1. Chassis; 2. Functional interface module; 3. Power supply module; 4. Communication and data interaction module; 5. Local monitoring and storage module; 6. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0010] like Figure 1 As shown, the power acquisition system provided in this embodiment includes a chassis 1, a functional interface module 2, a power supply protection module 3, a communication and data interaction module 4, and a local monitoring and storage module 5. Each module is electrically connected via an ISA standard bus. The specific structure is as follows: (a) Chassis 1 and basic functional components Chassis 1: Made of cold-rolled steel plate, with an embedded mounting slot in the center of the front and a modular interface panel (removable) on the back; the inner side wall of chassis 1 has a temperature and humidity sensor mounting position, the top has a cooling fan mounting slot, and the bottom has a grounding terminal (connected to chassis 1 by a separate wire to enhance grounding protection).

[0011] Display 6: Embedded in the mounting slot on the front of chassis 1, it is a 7-inch color LCD touch screen, controlled by an independent 32-bit industrial CPU; the CPU communicates with the motherboard via RS232 port, and the CPU is electrically connected to the parameter configuration module (with dual configuration interfaces of DIP switch and touch screen), supporting on-site manual adjustment of the acquisition frequency (1Hz-10Hz) and data upload interval (1s-60s), adapting to different on-site needs without disassembling or modifying the hardware.

[0012] Basic interface layout: On the modular interface panel at the rear of chassis 1, from left to right, the following are arranged: Power interface: Adaptable to AC (220V / 380V) and DC (24V / 48V) inputs, or AC and DC inputs simultaneously. The interface is equipped with a latch to prevent misinsertion. Expandable interface area: Equipped with 4 standardized slots (compatible with PCI-E Mini interface), supporting the insertion and removal of RS485 expansion cards, RS232 expansion cards, and Gigabit Ethernet expansion cards, enabling flexible on-site configuration of the number / type of interfaces; Fixed function interfaces: 6 Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports (RJ45 type), 2 USB ports, and 1 serial port integrated board (integrating 2 standard serial ports).

[0013] (ii) Power supply protection module 3 The structure of power protection module 3 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0014] Power supply board: Based on the original dual independent AC / DC power supplies, an energy storage power supply unit and a power switching control circuit are added. Energy storage power supply unit: includes supercapacitor bank (capacity ≥5F, withstand voltage ≥50V) and charge / discharge management chip. The supercapacitor bank is electrically connected to dual AC / DC power supply and ISA standard bus through the charge / discharge management chip. When the power is switched or interrupted momentarily, the supercapacitor bank can discharge quickly to provide the system with continuous power supply for ≥1s (covering 500ms interruption requirements) to avoid system shutdown. Power switching control circuit: adopts high-speed relay (switching delay ≤10ms) to monitor the voltage of dual AC and DC power supplies in real time. When one power supply is missing / faulty, it automatically switches to the other power supply and triggers the energy storage power supply unit to replenish power synchronously. Power status monitoring and alarm: The power board is equipped with power status indicator lights (2 channels, corresponding to dual power supplies) and is electrically connected to the power information acquisition chip. The chip transmits power voltage, switching status, and energy storage unit power data to the motherboard via the ISA bus. When the power supply is abnormal (missing / overvoltage / undervoltage) or the energy storage unit power is insufficient, the motherboard sends a real-time alarm to the main station via the communication module and triggers the audible and visual alarm on the top of chassis 1.

[0015] (III) Communication and Flexible Configuration Module Communication and flexible configuration module structure as follows Figure 3 As shown.

[0016] Universal communication slots: Three universal communication slots are provided on the right side inside chassis 1, compatible with RS232 modules, RS485 modules, modem modules, and 4G / 5G wireless modules. The modules are installed with snap-fit ​​and support hot-swapping (replacement is possible without power interruption); anti-reverse insertion contacts are provided on the inner wall of the slots to ensure correct module installation; Interface Expansion Control: The motherboard is equipped with an expansion interface control chip, which can identify the type of expansion card inserted into the expansion interface area and automatically load the driver. Users can set the communication parameters (baud rate, data bits, stop bits) of each interface through the display screen 6, and save 3 sets of commonly used configuration schemes (such as industrial field scheme, civilian field scheme, and remote transmission scheme), so that there is no need to repeat the settings when switching between fields.

[0017] (iv) Local monitoring and main station interaction module The structure of the local monitoring and main station interaction module is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0018] Local data storage and backup: The motherboard is equipped with a local storage unit, including one SD card slot (supporting up to 128GB SD cards) and one SATA interface (compatible with 2.5-inch solid-state drives); the system stores the collected data to the local storage unit in real time and adopts a dual backup mechanism (SD card and solid-state drive are stored synchronously); when communication is interrupted, the data is temporarily stored locally, and automatically retransmitted to the main station after communication is restored to avoid data loss; Real-time monitoring of on-site conditions: The temperature and humidity sensor (accuracy: temperature ±0.5℃, humidity ±3% RH) on the inner wall of chassis 1 is electrically connected to the motherboard to collect environmental parameters inside chassis 1 in real time. When the temperature is >40℃ or the humidity is >85% RH, the cooling fan is triggered to start and an alarm is sent to the main station. Each interface (power interface, network interface, communication slot) is equipped with a connection status detection circuit. When the interface is loose or has poor contact, the display screen 6 will pop up a fault prompt and send an interface fault alarm to the main station at the same time. Remote interaction from the main station: The network interface supports remote access to the system by the master station via TCP / IP protocol. The master station can view all data on display screen 6 in real time (collected data, device status, alarm information) and remotely operate parameter configuration (an administrator password is required, which is independent of the local operation password). The modem module or 4G / 5G module supports an active reporting mechanism: when the system experiences events such as power failure, interface failure, or excessive temperature and humidity, it automatically sends alarm SMS / data frames to the master station with a reporting latency of ≤100ms, ensuring that the master station can promptly grasp the on-site situation.

[0019] Example 1: Solving the problem of instantaneous power interruption in an industrial workshop setting A power consumption data acquisition system in an automotive parts processing plant needs to monitor the real-time power consumption data of 30 stamping machines (data acquisition frequency 5Hz). Due to fluctuations in the power grid load, the workshop experiences 2-3 momentary power outages of approximately 500ms each month. After implementing this technical solution, when a sudden drop in grid voltage causes an interruption of the main power supply (AC 380V): The power board's power switching control circuit (high-speed relay) detects the main power supply failure within 8ms and automatically switches to the backup DC power supply (48V). Simultaneously, the supercapacitor energy storage unit (5F / 50V) discharges synchronously, providing continuous power to the system for 1.2s, covering the 500ms interruption duration; During this period, the motherboard and RS485 board (connected to the stamping equipment's energy meter) continued to work, and the data acquisition was uninterrupted; the power information acquisition chip transmitted the status of main power failure and backup power switching to the motherboard in real time, and sent alarm information to the factory's main station through the gigabit Ethernet port within 100ms.

[0020] Ultimately, the integrity rate of the power data collection in the workshop increased from 92% to 100%, and there were no more data losses or system restarts due to power outages.

[0021] Example 2: Achieving Flexible On-Site Configuration in Photovoltaic Power Plant Scenarios A 10MW photovoltaic power station needs to collect power data from inverters (RS485 communication), environmental monitoring instruments (RS232 communication), and energy storage battery packs (Ethernet communication) of 20 photovoltaic arrays. The equipment layout varies between the arrays (some arrays require remote data transmission, while others require local storage). When using this technical solution: According to the requirements of each array, the on-site construction personnel inserted two RS485 expansion cards (to connect more inverters) and one gigabit Ethernet expansion card (to connect the energy storage battery pack) into the expansion interface area on the back of chassis 1. In the internal general communication slot, a 4G wireless module is installed for arrays that require remote transmission, and a modem module is reserved for arrays with local storage (as a spare). The modules are installed by snap-on hot-swappable, without the need for power interruption, and the configuration of 3 arrays can be completed within 5 minutes. The preset photovoltaic array acquisition scheme (with the inverter acquisition frequency of 10Hz, data upload interval of 5s, and communication parameter baud rate of 9600) can be called through the display screen 6, without the need for manual setting of each item.

[0022] Compared to traditional fixed interface systems, the on-site commissioning time for this power station has been reduced from 8 hours per array to 1.5 hours. When adding two more photovoltaic arrays, only the corresponding modules need to be added for connection, without replacing the entire system.

[0023] Example 3: Real-time monitoring of the main station in a commercial complex scenario A power data collection system for a large shopping mall (5 floors, 10 power data collection points on each floor) requires the main station to monitor the real-time power consumption of air conditioning and lighting on each floor, as well as the system's own operational status (to prevent data collection interruptions due to equipment failure). After adopting this technical solution, the system will: The temperature and humidity sensor on the inner wall of chassis 1 collects the equipment's environmental data in real time. When the temperature inside chassis 1 rises to 42°C, the system automatically starts the top cooling fan and sends a temperature over-limit alarm to the main station via the RJ45 network interface. After remote confirmation by the main station maintenance personnel, personnel are arranged to check the ventilation on-site. On one occasion, due to a loose cable and poor contact at the Layer 4 RS485 interface, the connection status detection circuit at the interface immediately triggered a fault signal, and the display screen 6 popped up a message saying "Layer 4 RS485 interface loose". At the same time, an SMS alarm was sent to the main station (via the Modem module). The maintenance personnel arrived at the site within 15 minutes to repair it, and no data collection was lost. When the mall's external network communication is temporarily interrupted (approximately 20 minutes), the system will temporarily store the collected data during this period in a dual storage unit consisting of a local SD card (64GB) and a solid-state drive (512GB). Once communication is restored, the system will automatically retransmit all data from the past 20 minutes to the main station, ensuring that there are no gaps in the main station's data ledger.

[0024] The mall's main station's response time to on-site anomalies has been reduced from 2 hours to within 10 minutes, and the annual duration of missing power data due to system failures has been reduced from 8 hours to 0.5 hours.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and within the spirit and principles of this utility model, should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An electrical energy harvesting system, characterized in that, It includes a chassis, a functional interface module, a power protection module, a communication and data interaction module, and a local monitoring and storage module. The functional interface module, the power protection module, the communication and data interaction module, and the local monitoring and storage module are all electrically connected to the motherboard via the ISA standard bus. The chassis is made of cold-rolled steel plate. It has an embedded mounting slot in the center of the front, a detachable modular interface panel on the back, a temperature and humidity sensor mounting position on the inner side wall, a cooling fan mounting slot on the top, and a grounding terminal on the bottom. The grounding terminal is connected to the chassis through a separate wire. A 7-inch color LCD touch screen is embedded in the embedded mounting slot. The touch screen is controlled by an independent 32-bit industrial CPU. The CPU communicates with the motherboard via RS232 port and is electrically connected to the parameter configuration module. The parameter configuration module has dual configuration interfaces, namely DIP switches and touch screen, and supports on-site manual adjustment of the acquisition frequency from 1Hz to 10Hz and the data upload interval from 1s to 60s. The modular interface panel, from left to right, features a power interface, an expandable interface area, and fixed function interfaces. The power interface is compatible with single input of AC 220V / 380V and DC 24V / 48V or simultaneous AC / DC input, and is equipped with a latch to prevent misinsertion. The expandable interface area has four standard PCI-E Mini slots, supporting the insertion and removal of RS485 expansion cards, RS232 expansion cards, or Gigabit Ethernet expansion cards. The fixed function interfaces include six Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports, two USB ports, and a serial port integrated board with two standard serial ports. The power supply module includes dual independent AC / DC power supplies, an energy storage power supply unit, a power switching control circuit, and a power status monitoring and alarm component. The energy storage power supply unit includes a supercapacitor bank and a charge / discharge management chip. The supercapacitor bank is electrically connected to the dual independent AC / DC power supplies and the ISA standard bus through the charge / discharge management chip, and can provide continuous power supply for ≥1s during power switching or momentary interruption. The power switching control circuit uses a high-speed relay with a switching delay of ≤10ms to monitor the voltage of the two independent AC / DC power supplies in real time. When one power supply is missing or faulty, it automatically switches to the other and triggers the energy storage power supply unit to replenish power synchronously. The power status monitoring and alarm component includes two power status indicator lights and a power information acquisition chip. The power information acquisition chip is electrically connected to the ISA standard bus and can transmit power voltage, switching status, and energy storage unit power data to the motherboard. When the power supply is abnormal or the energy storage power is insufficient, the motherboard alarms the main station through the communication and data interaction module and triggers the audible and visual alarm on the top of the chassis. The communication and data interaction module includes three universal communication slots and an expansion interface control chip. The three universal communication slots are located on the right side of the chassis and are compatible with RS232 modules, RS485 modules, modem modules, or 4G / 5G wireless modules. The modules are snap-fit ​​and support hot-swapping, and the inner wall of the slots is equipped with anti-reverse insertion contacts. The expansion interface control chip is located on the motherboard, which can identify the type of expansion card in the expansion interface area and automatically load the driver. It supports setting interface communication parameters via the touch screen and saves three sets of commonly used configuration schemes. The local monitoring and storage module includes a local storage unit, a field status monitoring component, and a master station interaction component. The local storage unit includes one SD card slot supporting up to 128GB SD cards and one SATA interface compatible with 2.5-inch solid-state drives. The system stores collected data in real time and employs a dual backup mechanism. The field status monitoring component includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a connection status detection circuit. The temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the inner side wall of the chassis and electrically connected to the motherboard. When the temperature exceeds 40℃ or the humidity exceeds 85% RH, it triggers the cooling fan to start and sends an alarm to the master station. The connection status detection circuit is located at the power interface, network interface, and communication slot. When the interface is loose or has poor contact, the touchscreen displays a fault prompt and sends an interface fault alarm to the master station. The master station interaction component includes a network interface and a Modem / 4G / 5G module. The network interface supports remote access by the master station via the TCP / IP protocol. The Modem / 4G / 5G module supports an active reporting mechanism, automatically sending alarm SMS / data frames to the master station when system anomalies occur, with a reporting latency of ≤100ms.

2. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When adjusting the acquisition frequency and data upload interval through the dual configuration interfaces of DIP switch and touch screen, the parameter configuration module can adapt to different field requirements without disassembling or modifying the hardware. The power interface is compatible with AC voltages of 220V or 380V and DC voltages of 24V or 48V. The anti-misinsertion clip prevents the insertion of non-compatible plugs.

3. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The four PCI-EMini slots in the expandable interface area allow for flexible adjustment of the number or type of interfaces on-site by inserting and removing different types of expansion cards; the six Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports of the fixed function interface are RJ45 type, and the two standard serial ports on the serial port integration board are used to connect on-site serial devices.

4. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor bank of the energy storage power supply unit has a capacity of ≥5F and a withstand voltage of ≥50V, and the continuous power supply provided for ≥1s can cover the power interruption requirement of 500ms. The power status monitoring and alarm components detect three power abnormalities: power loss, power overvoltage, and power undervoltage. When the energy storage unit's power is insufficient, an audible and visual alarm and a main station alarm are triggered simultaneously.

5. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The universal communication slot of the communication and data interaction module supports hot-swapping, and the main system power supply does not need to be disconnected when the module is replaced; The extended interface control chip stores three commonly used configuration schemes: industrial field scheme, civilian field scheme, and remote transmission scheme. When switching between fields, these schemes can be directly called without repeating parameter settings.

6. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The local storage unit has a dual backup mechanism that stores the collected data simultaneously on the SD card and solid-state drive. When communication is interrupted, the data is temporarily stored locally and automatically retransmitted to the main station after communication is restored. The environmental parameters collected by the temperature and humidity sensors of the on-site condition monitoring component are displayed on the touch screen in real time. When the temperature and humidity exceed the standard, the touch screen will simultaneously pop up an error message.

7. The electrical energy harvesting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The interface fault alarm information sent by the connection status detection circuit to the master station includes the specific location identifier of the faulty interface; The network interface of the main station interaction component allows the main station to remotely view the collected data, device status and historical alarm records displayed on the touch screen. The alarm data frames sent by the Modem / 4G / 5G module conform to the industrial communication standard protocol.

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