High-precision linear power module
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522070958.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-26
AI Technical Summary
因此，在大部分稳态工作情况下，调整管压差仍大于其最小必需值，效率并非最优
[0005]本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种能实时调整且系统效率高的高精度线性电源模组。
Smart Images
Figure CN224852212U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model applies to the technical field of power supply modules, and particularly relates to a high-precision linear power supply module. Background Technology
[0002] High-precision linear regulated power supplies are widely used in applications with extremely low power quality requirements due to their extremely low output noise and excellent voltage regulation performance. However, their fatal flaw is low efficiency, especially when the input voltage is much higher than the output voltage. A large amount of power is dissipated as heat in the regulating transistor, causing the power module to overheat. In addition, they are bulky and require complex heat dissipation designs.
[0003] To improve efficiency, a common approach is to use a switching power supply (SMPS) as a pre-regulator to reduce the input voltage to a value slightly higher than the final output target of the linear regulator (LDO), which then performs fine-tuning. This architecture typically employs two control structures: 1. Static fixed control; 2. Fixed differential control. Static fixed control outputs a fixed value higher than the maximum target output voltage through the pre-stage switching power supply. While simple, this approach results in a large voltage difference for the regulating transistor, limiting efficiency gains. Fixed differential control, on the other hand, adjusts the voltage output of the pre-stage switching power supply to maintain a fixed preset voltage difference with the final output voltage. While this offers better efficiency than static fixed control, the preset voltage difference must be sufficiently large to meet the minimum input voltage requirements of the linear regulator during load transients. Therefore, in most steady-state operating conditions, the voltage difference for the regulating transistor remains greater than its minimum required value, resulting in suboptimal efficiency.
[0004] Therefore, if a power supply module can be provided that can control the differential pressure of the regulating tube in real time and adaptively to be close to the minimum value that just meets the voltage regulation requirements, so as to achieve high efficiency and high precision, the shortcomings of the existing technology can be well solved. Utility Model Content
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-precision linear power supply module that can be adjusted in real time and has high system efficiency.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: This utility model includes a switching power supply module, a linear power supply module, a controller module, and a data acquisition module. The controller module includes a PID controller and a comparator. The acquisition terminal of the data acquisition module acquires the voltage across the linear regulating transistor of the linear power supply module. The output terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to one input terminal of the comparator, and the other input terminal of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage. The output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the PID controller, and the output terminal of the PID controller is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module. The input terminal of the switching power supply module is connected to a power source, and the output terminal of the switching power supply module is connected to the input terminal of the linear power supply module.
[0007] As can be seen from the above scheme, the switching power supply module receives the input voltage and outputs an adjusted voltage according to the control signal from the controller module. The acquisition module collects the voltage difference across the linear regulating transistor, compares this voltage difference with the target voltage difference using a comparator, processes the data using a PID controller to generate a control signal, and then controls the switching power supply module to output the adjusted voltage. This achieves real-time monitoring and adjustment, enabling the overall power module to achieve high-efficiency and high-precision power output.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the controller module further includes a signal generator, and the output of the PID controller is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module through the signal generator.
[0009] A further preferred embodiment is that the signal generator is a PWM signal generator or a digital-to-analog converter.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the acquisition module is an analog-to-digital converter, a differential amplifier, or an isolation amplifier. The positive and negative input terminals of the acquisition module are respectively connected to the collector and emitter of the linear adjustment transistor, and the output terminal of the acquisition module is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator.
[0011] A further preferred embodiment is that the switching power supply module includes a first field-effect transistor (FET), a second field-effect transistor (FET), and an inductor. The gates of the first FET and the second FET are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the signal generator. The first FET is connected to a power supply, and the second FET is connected between the first FET and ground. One end of the inductor is connected between the first FET and the second FET, and the other end of the inductor is connected to the linear power supply module. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0013] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the present invention includes a switching power supply module 1, a linear power supply module 2, a controller module 3, and a data acquisition module 4. The controller module 3 includes a PID controller 31 and a comparator 32. The data acquisition module 4 acquires the voltage across the linear regulating transistor Q3 of the linear power supply module 2. The output of the data acquisition module 4 is connected to one input of the comparator 32, and the other input of the comparator 32 is connected to a reference voltage. The output of the comparator 32 is connected to the input of the PID controller 31, and the output of the PID controller 31 is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module 1. The input of the switching power supply module 1 is connected to the power supply Vin, and the output of the switching power supply module 1 is connected to the input of the linear power supply module 2. The switching power supply module 1 is controlled by the controller module 3 and outputs a voltage Vpre according to the feedback signal from the controller module 3. The linear power supply module 2 uses the voltage Vpre as its input voltage and outputs a high-precision, low-noise stable voltage Vout. During operation, the acquisition module 4 acquires the voltage difference Vdrop (Vdrop = Vpre - Vout) across the linear regulating tube in real time. The comparator 32 compares the target voltage difference ΔVref connected to the negative input terminal with the voltage difference Vdrop input to the positive input terminal to input an error signal e(t), where e(t) = ΔVref - Vdrop. The PID controller 31 processes the error and generates a control signal.
[0014] By dynamically optimizing the voltage difference of the linear regulating transistor Q3, ensuring it always operates near the required minimum value, the wasted power consumption on Q3 is significantly reduced, resulting in overall efficiency far exceeding that of static fixed or fixed voltage difference control schemes. It can automatically adapt to a wide range of output voltage and load variations, maintaining consistently high efficiency. While improving efficiency, it fully retains the high precision and low noise output characteristics of the subsequent linear power supply. The introduction of a PID controller ensures system stability and rapid dynamic response. Increased efficiency means reduced heat dissipation requirements, allowing for smaller heatsinks and contributing to power module miniaturization and cost reduction.
[0015] In this embodiment, the controller module 3 is a microprocessor or a digital signal processor.
[0016] In this embodiment, the controller module 3 further includes a signal generator 33. The output terminal of the PID controller 31 is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module 1 through the signal generator 33. After generating a control signal, the PID controller 31 converts it into a feedback signal that the switching power supply module 1 can process through the signal generator 33. The signal generator 33 is a PWM signal generator or a digital-to-analog converter.
[0017] In this embodiment, the acquisition module 4 is an analog-to-digital converter, a differential amplifier, or an isolation amplifier. The positive and negative input terminals of the acquisition module 4 are respectively connected to the collector and emitter of the linear adjustment transistor Q3, and the output terminal of the acquisition module 4 is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator 32.
[0018] In this embodiment, the switching power supply module 1 includes a first field-effect transistor Q1, a second field-effect transistor Q2, and an inductor L1. The gates of the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the signal generator 33. The first field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, and the second field-effect transistor Q2 is connected between the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the ground line. One end of the inductor L1 is connected between the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the linear power supply module 2.
[0019] The PID controller 31 can also be a PI controller or a fuzzy PID controller to adapt to different dynamic response requirements.
[0020] Although the embodiments of this utility model are described with reference to actual solutions, they do not constitute a limitation on the meaning of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, modifications to the implementation schemes and combinations with other schemes based on this specification are obvious.
Claims
1. A high-precision linear power supply module, characterized in that: It includes a switching power supply module (1), a linear power supply module (2), a controller module (3), and a data acquisition module (4). The controller module (3) includes a PID controller (31) and a comparator (32). The data acquisition module (4) acquires the voltage across the linear regulator tube (Q3) of the linear power supply module (2). The output of the data acquisition module (4) is connected to one input of the comparator (32). The other input of the comparator (32) is connected to a reference voltage. The output of the comparator (32) is connected to the input of the PID controller (31). The output of the PID controller (31) is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module (1). The input of the switching power supply module (1) is connected to the power supply. The output of the switching power supply module (1) is connected to the input of the linear power supply module (2).
2. The high-precision linear power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller module (3) also includes a signal generator (33), and the output terminal of the PID controller (31) is connected to the control terminal of the switching power supply module (1) through the signal generator (33).
3. A high-precision linear power supply module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal generator (33) is a PWM signal generator or a digital-to-analog converter.
4. A high-precision linear power supply module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition module (4) is an analog-to-digital converter, a differential amplifier, or an isolation amplifier. The positive and negative input terminals of the acquisition module (4) are respectively connected to the collector and emitter of the linear adjustment transistor (Q3). The output terminal of the acquisition module (4) is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator (32).
5. A high-precision linear power supply module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching power supply module (1) includes a first field-effect transistor (Q1), a second field-effect transistor (Q2), and an inductor (L1). The gate of the first field-effect transistor (Q1) and the gate of the second field-effect transistor (Q2) are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the signal generator (33). The first field-effect transistor (Q1) is connected to the power supply. The second field-effect transistor (Q2) is connected between the first field-effect transistor (Q1) and the ground. One end of the inductor (L1) is connected between the first field-effect transistor (Q1) and the second field-effect transistor (Q2). The other end of the inductor (L1) is connected to the linear power supply module (2).