Passive iot device and passive iot system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an embodiment provides a kind of passive internet of things equipment and passive internet of things system, passive internet of things equipment includes: for receiving downlink signal first receiving antenna, wherein, downlink signal occupies downlink spectrum, for moving downlink spectrum to spectrum inversion module of uplink spectrum, for with the first transmitting antenna of uplink spectrum emission signal;Spectrum inversion module's signal input end is connected with first receiving antenna, and spectrum inversion module's signal output end is connected with first transmitting antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT), and in particular to a passive IoT device and a passive IoT system. Background Technology

[0002] Passive Internet of Things (AIoT) refers to IoT technology that enables device connectivity and data transmission by harnessing energy from the environment without requiring an external power source. Compared to traditional active IoT, AIoT eliminates the need for power supplies or batteries for terminals, significantly reducing maintenance costs and deployment complexity. This technology allows "dumb devices"—including raw materials, production tools, valuable assets, and fast-moving consumer goods—to acquire basic digitization and intelligent capabilities, providing information such as their location and status. Furthermore, leveraging the characteristics of cellular networks, AIoT enables wider network coverage and more stable communication connections, offering a more efficient and reliable solution for IoT applications.

[0003] Passive IoT systems consist of three parts: base station equipment (BS) (such as a low-power Pico Remote Radio Unit (pRRU)), relay equipment, and AIoT tags. The base station primarily sends power signals to the AIoT tags and control signals to the relay equipment. The relay equipment typically sends communication signals to the AIoT tags after receiving the control signals; these signals are then received by the AIoT tags and reflected back to the base station. Current passive IoT solutions utilize uplink spectrum, leading to low spectrum utilization. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a passive IoT device and a passive IoT system.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model embodiment proposes a passive IoT device, the passive IoT device comprising: a first receiving antenna for receiving downlink signals, wherein the downlink signals occupy the downlink spectrum; a spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum; and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum.

[0007] The signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

[0008] Secondly, this utility model embodiment proposes a passive IoT system, which includes: a network device for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, and a passive IoT tag for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum;

[0009] The passive IoT tag includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

[0010] Thirdly, this utility model embodiment proposes a passive IoT system, which includes: a network device for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, a passive IoT tag for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum, and a relay device for amplifying the signals;

[0011] The passive IoT tag includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

[0012] This invention provides a passive IoT device and a passive IoT system. The passive IoT device includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving downlink signals, wherein the downlink signals occupy the downlink spectrum; a spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum; and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting signals using the uplink spectrum. The signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna. By introducing a spectrum inversion module into the passive IoT device, the base station equipment can use the downlink spectrum to transmit downlink signals, and the passive IoT device can achieve spectrum inversion of the downlink spectrum through the spectrum inversion module. This allows the passive IoT system to simultaneously use uplink and downlink spectrum, thereby improving spectrum utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a passive IoT system where A transmits and A receives.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a passive IoT system where A transmits and B receives.

[0015] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of a passive IoT device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary passive IoT device provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 5 A system schematic diagram of a passive IoT system provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of an exemplary passive IoT system architecture with A transmitting and A receiving provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0019] Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of an exemplary passive IoT system architecture with A transmitting and B receiving provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 7 A system schematic diagram of a passive IoT system provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram of an exemplary passive IoT system architecture with A transmitting and A receiving provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 8(b) is a schematic diagram of an exemplary passive IoT system architecture with A transmitting and B receiving provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary relay device provided for an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To gain a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this utility model, the implementation of the embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this utility model.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] In the following description, references to "some embodiments" refer to a subset of all possible embodiments. It is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict. It should also be noted that the terms "first, second, third" used in the embodiments of this invention are merely for distinguishing similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first, second, third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permissible, so that the embodiments of this invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0027] Current passive IoT systems include a base station (BS), relay devices, and AIoT tags. The base station primarily sends power signals to the AIoT tags and control signals to the relay devices. The relay devices typically send communication signals to the AIoT tags after receiving the control signals. Ultimately, these signals are received by the AIoT tags and reflected back to the base station. This can be used in scenarios such as inventory management. In one scenario, the reflected signal returns to the base station that initially sent the power signal (i.e., A transmits, A receives), such as... Figure 1 As shown, the BS supplies power to the AIoT tag (AIoT device) ①, the BS sends control signal ④ to the relay device (Intermediate Node), and the Intermediate Node executes ②f to the AIoT device. L Upon transmission, the AIoT device sends a command to the BS to execute ③f. L Reception. Another scenario is that the reflected signal is reflected to another base station for reception (i.e., A transmits, B receives), such as... Figure 2 As shown, BS1 supplies power to AIoT device ①, BS1 sends control signal ④ to the Intermediate Node, and the Intermediate Node executes ②f to the AIoT device. L Upon transmission, the AIoT device sends a command to BS2 to execute ③f. L Reception. Due to the random reflection characteristics of passive IoT tags, the direction of the reflected signal cannot be guaranteed. In practical applications, the A-transmit / B-receive scheme is more common. Furthermore, in the A-transmit / B-receive scheme, since the signal frequency is consistent across all stages, to avoid interference, some base station equipment is only responsible for transmitting the signal, while others are only responsible for receiving it.

[0028] The above Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the process shown, only the uplink spectrum was used to complete the entire communication process, while the downlink spectrum was not used. In addition, the coverage of existing passive IoT systems is limited by the transmission power.

[0029] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model proposes a passive IoT device 1, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the passive IoT device 1 includes: a first receiving antenna 10 for receiving downlink signals, wherein the downlink signals occupy the downlink spectrum; a spectrum inversion module 11 for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum; and a first transmitting antenna 12 for transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum.

[0030] The signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module 11 is connected to the first receiving antenna 10, and the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module 11 is connected to the first transmitting antenna 12.

[0031] In this embodiment of the present invention, the spectrum inversion module includes a mixer and a local oscillator module that provides a set of local oscillator signals for the spectrum shift; the signal input terminal of the mixer is connected to the receiving antenna and the local oscillator module, and the signal output terminal of the mixer is connected to the transmitting antenna.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of local oscillator signals is one or more, and the specific number can be selected according to the actual situation. This embodiment of the invention does not make a specific determination.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the mixer can mix the received downlink signal with the local oscillator signal to obtain an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. Then, the IF signal is filtered and amplified to eliminate noise and interference and improve signal quality. The processed IF signal is then mixed with another local oscillator signal to obtain an uplink signal. Finally, the uplink signal is filtered and amplified to ensure that the signal meets the transmission requirements.

[0034] It should be noted that both the downlink signal and the signal transmitted in the uplink spectrum can be high-frequency signals. The spectrum inversion module proposed in this invention is used to transfer the high frequency occupying the downlink spectrum to the high frequency occupying the uplink spectrum.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the downlink spectrum can be the frequency division duplex (FDD) downlink spectrum, and the uplink spectrum can be the FDD uplink spectrum.

[0036] In this embodiment of the utility model, the passive IoT device is a passive IoT tag.

[0037] In this embodiment of the utility model, the passive IoT tag is a passive IoT AIoT tag.

[0038] It should be noted that the spectrum inversion module can be set in the AIoT tag.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the passive IoT device further includes a battery module and an energy storage module; the battery module is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage module; and the energy storage module supplies power to the spectrum inversion module.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery module is integrated with the first receiving antenna and the first transmitting antenna in the passive IoT device, or the battery module is designed independently in the passive IoT device.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery module uses a solar cell.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the passive IoT device further includes: an amplifier and a low-noise amplifier (LNA); the signal input terminal of the LNA is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the LNA is connected to the signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module; the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the amplifier, and the signal output terminal of the amplifier is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

[0043] For example, the structure of a passive IoT device can be seen in [reference needed]. Figure 4 The passive IoT device includes a solar cell and an antenna (including a first receiving antenna and a first transmitting antenna), wherein the solar cell and antenna are integrated. The passive IoT device also includes an energy storage module, an LNA, a mixer, a PA, and a local oscillator module.

[0044] Understandably, by introducing a spectrum inversion module into passive IoT devices, base station equipment can use the downlink spectrum to send downlink signals, and passive IoT devices can achieve spectrum inversion of the downlink spectrum through the spectrum inversion module. This allows passive IoT systems to use uplink and downlink spectrum simultaneously, thereby improving spectrum utilization.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, this utility model also proposes a passive IoT system 2, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the passive IoT system 2 includes: a network device 20 for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, and a passive IoT tag 21 for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum;

[0046] The passive IoT tag 21 includes: a first receiving antenna 210 for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module 211 for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna 212 for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module 211 is connected to the first receiving antenna 210, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module 211 is connected to the first transmitting antenna 212.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the network device is a BS (Baseband Controller), which may include a pRRU (Back-to-Back Unit), a Baseband Unit (BBU), a hub, etc. The specific device can be selected according to the actual situation, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose any specific limitations.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present invention, the first spectrum inversion module of the passive IoT tag corresponds to the spectrum inversion module of the passive IoT device.

[0049] In one embodiment, taking the scenario where the frequency conversion function is set in a passive IoT tag as an example, the architecture of the corresponding passive IoT system for the two schemes of A transmit A receive and A transmit B receive can be seen in Figures 6(a) and 6(b). In Figure 6(a), the A transmit A receive scheme is implemented, and BS executes ①f using the downstream spectrum. D The communication signal is transmitted to the AIoT device, and the AIoT device performs frequency conversion ② and then executes ③f using the uplink spectrum. L Receive the reflected signal. Implement the A transmit B receive scheme in Figure 6(b), with BS1 performing ①f on the lower horizontal spectrum. D The communication signal is transmitted to the AIoT device, and after the AIoT device performs frequency conversion ②, it performs ③f on the spectrum above BS2. L Receive reflected signals.

[0050] It should be noted that the passive IoT system shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b) mainly consists of two parts: a base station (BS) and a passive IoT tag. First, the base station transmits a communication signal to the passive IoT tag using the FDD downlink spectrum. After receiving the signal, the passive IoT tag uses its internal mixer module to shift the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and then transmits the signal back to the base station using the FDD uplink spectrum. Finally, the base station receives the uplink signal, and the communication process ends. One scenario is that the reflected signal returns to the base station that initially transmitted the downlink communication signal (i.e., A transmits, A receives); another scenario is that the reflected signal is reflected to another base station for reception (i.e., A transmits, B receives). This technical solution achieves uplink and downlink spectrum separation, enabling faster communication efficiency and speed.

[0051] It is understandable that introducing a mixer module into passive IoT tags to achieve reflective frequency conversion can improve the utilization rate of the FDD spectrum in passive IoT systems.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, this utility model also proposes a passive IoT system 3, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the passive IoT system 3 includes: a network device 30 for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, a passive IoT tag 31 for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum, and a relay device 32 for amplifying signals;

[0053] The passive IoT tag 31 includes: a first receiving antenna 310 for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module 311 for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna 312 for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module 311 is connected to the first receiving antenna 310, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module 311 is connected to the first transmitting antenna 312.

[0054] In this embodiment of the present invention, the relay device comprises: a second receiving antenna, an LNA, a filter, an amplifier, and a second transmitting antenna; wherein, the second receiving antenna is connected to the signal input terminal of the LNA, the signal output terminal of the LNA is connected to the signal input terminal of the filter, the signal output terminal of the filter is connected to the signal input terminal of the amplifier, and the signal output terminal of the amplifier is connected to the second transmitting antenna.

[0055] In one embodiment, taking a scenario where the frequency conversion function is set in a passive IoT tag and the amplification function is set in a repeater device as an example, the architecture of the corresponding passive IoT system for the two schemes of A transmit A receive and A transmit B receive can be seen in Figures 8(a) and 8(b). In Figure 8(a), the A transmit A receive scheme is implemented, and BS executes ①f using the downstream spectrum. D The communication signal is transmitted to the Intermediate Node. After the Intermediate Node performs step ② (amplification), it executes step ③ (f) to the AIoT device. D After transmission, the AIoT device performs frequency conversion (④) and then executes uplink spectrum (⑤f). L Receive the reflected signal. Implement the A transmit B receive scheme in Figure 8(b), with BS1 performing ①f below the line spectrum. D The communication signal is transmitted to the Intermediate Node. After the Intermediate Node performs step ② (amplification), it executes step ③ (f) to the AIoT device. D After transmission, the AIoT device performs frequency conversion (④) and then performs f on the spectrum above BS2. L Receive reflected signals.

[0056] It should be noted that the passive IoT system shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b) mainly consists of three parts: a base station (BS), an intermediate node, and a passive IoT tag. First, the base station transmits a communication signal to the intermediate node using the FDD downlink spectrum. The intermediate node receives the downlink signal, amplifies it, and then redirects it to the passive IoT tag for transmission. The passive IoT tag receives the signal and uses its internal mixer module to shift the FDD downlink spectrum to the FDD uplink spectrum, then transmits the signal to the base station using the FDD uplink spectrum. Finally, the base station receives the signal uplink, and the communication process ends. One scenario is that the reflected signal returns to the base station that initially transmitted the downlink communication signal (i.e., A transmits, A receives); another scenario is that the reflected signal is reflected to another base station for reception (i.e., A transmits, B receives). This technical solution, due to the addition of a intermediate node with an amplification module, achieves a longer coverage distance.

[0057] Understandably, by introducing a spectrum inversion module into passive IoT devices, base station equipment can use the downlink spectrum to send downlink signals, and passive IoT devices can achieve spectrum inversion of the downlink spectrum through the spectrum inversion module. This allows passive IoT systems to use uplink and downlink spectrum simultaneously, thereby improving spectrum utilization.

[0058] In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of the relay device is shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the relay equipment includes: a receiving antenna, an LNA, a filter, a PA, and a transmitting antenna.

[0059] Understandably, introducing repeater devices with amplification capabilities into passive IoT systems can improve the coverage of these systems.

[0060] It should be noted that both passive IoT systems, as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b) and 8(a) and 8(b), can improve the FDD spectrum utilization efficiency and coverage of passive IoT systems. The passive IoT systems in Figures 6(a) and 6(b) have lower costs than those in Figures 8(a) and 8(b) because they do not use relay equipment, but the proposed system coverage distance is correspondingly reduced.

[0061] Understandably, by introducing a spectrum inversion module into passive IoT devices, base station equipment can use the downlink spectrum to send downlink signals, and passive IoT devices can achieve spectrum inversion of the downlink spectrum through the spectrum inversion module. This allows passive IoT systems to use uplink and downlink spectrum simultaneously, thereby improving spectrum utilization.

[0062] It should be noted that the aforementioned passive IoT system 2 and passive IoT system 3 can be FDD frequency division duplex systems with a bandwidth of 5MHz, and can be deployed in the 900MHz frequency band. Specifically, 899MHz-904MHz can be the FDD uplink spectrum, and 934MHz-949MHz can be the FDD downlink spectrum. The specific deployment and selection can be based on actual conditions, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A passive IoT device, characterized in that, The passive IoT device includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving downlink signals, wherein the downlink signals occupy the downlink spectrum; a spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum; and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum. The signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectrum inversion module includes a mixer and a local oscillator module that provides a set of local oscillator signals for the spectrum shift; the signal input terminal of the mixer is connected to the first receiving antenna and the local oscillator module, and the signal output terminal of the mixer is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive IoT device is a passive IoT tag.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive IoT device further includes a battery module and an energy storage module; the battery module is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage module; the energy storage module supplies power to the spectrum inversion module.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery module is integrated with the first receiving antenna and the first transmitting antenna in the passive IoT device, or the battery module is designed independently in the passive IoT device.

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The battery module uses solar cells.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive IoT device further includes: an amplifier and a low-noise amplifier (LNA); the signal input terminal of the LNA is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the LNA is connected to the signal input terminal of the spectrum inversion module; the signal output terminal of the spectrum inversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the amplifier, and the signal output terminal of the amplifier is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

8. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) system, characterized in that, The passive IoT system includes: a network device for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, and a passive IoT tag for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum; The passive IoT tag includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

9. A passive Internet of Things (IoT) system, characterized in that, The passive IoT system includes: a network device for transmitting downlink signals in the downlink spectrum, a passive IoT tag for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum and transmitting signals in the uplink spectrum, and a relay device for amplifying the signals; The passive IoT tag includes: a first receiving antenna for receiving the downlink signal, a first spectrum inversion module for shifting the downlink spectrum to the uplink spectrum, and a first transmitting antenna for transmitting the signal with the uplink spectrum; the signal input terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the signal output terminal of the first spectrum inversion module is connected to the first transmitting antenna.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The relay device comprises a second receiving antenna, an LNA, a filter, an amplifier, and a second transmitting antenna; wherein the second receiving antenna is connected to the signal input terminal of the LNA, the signal output terminal of the LNA is connected to the signal input terminal of the filter, the signal output terminal of the filter is connected to the signal input terminal of the amplifier, and the signal output terminal of the amplifier is connected to the second transmitting antenna.

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