Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic module, each string group containing at least two mutually parallel cell strings, each cell string containing a plurality of mutually series-connected cell pieces, a column of longitudinal metal reflecting pieces being arranged in each string group, the column of longitudinal metal reflecting pieces in each string group being arranged in the string spacing of a pair of adjacent cell strings, at least one transverse metal reflecting piece being arranged between the plurality of string groups, the transverse metal reflecting piece being connected with all the longitudinal metal reflecting pieces, and a compensating reflecting piece being arranged in the string spacing between the adjacent cell strings in each string group. The compensating reflecting piece is synchronously arranged in the string spacing between the adjacent cell strings, according to the arrangement positions of the longitudinal metal reflecting piece 2000 and the transverse metal reflecting piece in the photovoltaic module, the compensating reflecting piece can be arranged to avoid the longitudinal metal reflecting piece and the transverse metal reflecting piece, so that the bus bar and the compensating reflecting piece coexist in the structural design of the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module structure with the bus bar is adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules typically consist of several solar cells connected in series to form a cell string, then several cell strings arranged in a matrix according to a design, and finally connected in series or parallel. The power output of a photovoltaic module primarily depends on the power output of its individual cells; increasing the effective area of ​​the cells within the photovoltaic module can also improve the module's power and efficiency.

[0003] There are usually spacing between strings of batteries, and there are usually spacing between individual cells within a battery string. However, the spacing between cells can be eliminated by stacking. Therefore, in battery stacking technology, there may be no spacing between individual cells, and spacing only exists between strings of batteries.

[0004] In the structural design of some photovoltaic (PV) modules, the spacing between some cell strings may be configured with jumpers (busbars) according to design requirements. In this case, the conventional back-glass film application solution for PV modules cannot adapt to this type of PV module structural design, which may lead to problems such as abnormal appearance of the PV module and short circuits, making it unsuitable for normal use of multi-cell modules.

[0005] Therefore, how to redesign the back glass film application scheme in photovoltaic modules to avoid the aforementioned problems has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic module to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] This application provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprising:

[0008] At least two sets of strings, each set of strings containing at least two strings of batteries connected in parallel, each set of batteries containing a plurality of battery cells connected in series;

[0009] At least two columns of longitudinal metal reflectors, each column of the string group is provided with one column of the longitudinal metal reflectors, and the column of the longitudinal metal reflectors in each column of the string group is provided in the string spacing of a pair of adjacent battery strings;

[0010] At least one row of transverse metal reflectors, the at least one row of transverse metal reflectors being disposed on the back of the plurality of the strings, and the transverse metal reflectors being connected to all the longitudinal metal reflectors;

[0011] A compensating reflector is disposed in the spacing between adjacent battery strings in each column of the string group.

[0012] In one embodiment, one column of the longitudinal metal reflectors in each of the string groups is disposed in a portion of the string spacing between a pair of adjacent battery strings, and the compensating reflector is disposed in another portion of the string spacing; and / or,

[0013] In the string spacing between all adjacent battery strings in each column of the string group, the areas where the longitudinal metal reflector is not provided are provided with the compensating reflector, and the compensating reflector is spaced apart from the longitudinal metal reflector; and / or,

[0014] The longitudinal and transverse metal reflectors are configured as a manifold with reflective function; and / or,

[0015] The compensating reflector is configured as a reflective film strip.

[0016] In one embodiment, each of the longitudinal metal reflectors in each of the string groups has a first isolation distance from the compensating reflectors in the same string spacing; and / or,

[0017] There is a second isolation distance between the lateral metal reflector and the plurality of the compensating reflectors.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first isolation distance between the longitudinal metal reflector and the compensating reflector is the distance along the length of the battery string; and / or,

[0019] The first isolation gap is set between 0.01 mm and 10 mm; and / or,

[0020] The second isolation distance between the lateral metal reflector and the compensating reflector is the distance along the length of the battery string; and / or,

[0021] The second isolation gap is set between 0.01 mm and 10 mm.

[0022] In one embodiment, each group of the strings is provided with at least three strings of the battery, and the side of each column of the strings adjacent to the other strings is defined as the inner side of the string group, and the other side is defined as the outer side of the string group;

[0023] In each of the aforementioned battery strings, the longitudinal metal reflector is positioned between the outermost pair of adjacent battery strings.

[0024] In one embodiment, the number of the string groups is configured as W columns, and the W columns of string groups are connected in series.

[0025] Each group of the aforementioned strings is configured with M strings of the battery;

[0026] Each column of the battery string is connected to N of the battery cells, where N is a multiple of M;

[0027] One end of the longitudinal metal reflector in each column of the battery string is located on the plane of the side or back of the first battery cell in the battery string, and the other end is located between the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+]th battery cells;

[0028] The lateral metal reflector is disposed on the back of the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+]th battery cell in a plurality of battery strings in a plurality of the ...

[0029] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module includes:

[0030] Light-receiving plate;

[0031] The backlight panel, the plurality of the aforementioned arrays, the longitudinal metal reflectors, the transverse metal reflectors, and the compensating reflectors are all encapsulated between the light-receiving panel and the backlight panel by an encapsulating material.

[0032] In one embodiment, the layer distance between the surface of the longitudinal metal reflector facing the light-receiving plate and the battery cell is set between 0.02 mm and 0.1 mm; and / or,

[0033] The surface distance between the longitudinal metal reflector's surface facing the backlight and the backlight is set between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm; and / or,

[0034] The layer thickness of the compensating reflector is less than the layer distance between the surface of the longitudinal metal reflector facing the backlight panel and the backlight panel; and / or,

[0035] The surface distance between the side of the transverse metal reflector facing the light-receiving plate and the battery cell is set between 0.02 mm and 0.1 mm; and / or,

[0036] The surface distance between the transverse metal reflector's surface facing the backlight and the backlight is set between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm; and / or,

[0037] The thickness of the compensating reflector is less than the layer distance between the surface of the transverse metal reflector facing the backlight and the backlight.

[0038] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module includes:

[0039] A plurality of bypass components, wherein each column of the bypass components is electrically connected to a column of the longitudinal metal reflectors or a column of the transverse metal reflectors.

[0040] In one embodiment, the widths of the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) and the compensating reflector (4000) are greater than the string spacing.

[0041] In the aforementioned photovoltaic modules, in the structural design where busbars are set in the photovoltaic modules, compensation reflectors can be simultaneously set in the string spacing between adjacent cell strings. Moreover, depending on the setting positions of the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the transverse metal reflectors in the photovoltaic modules, compensation reflectors can be set to avoid the longitudinal and transverse metal reflectors. This allows the jumpers (busbars) and compensation reflectors to coexist in the structural design of the photovoltaic modules, enabling the improved back glass film application scheme to be adapted to the structural design of photovoltaic modules with jumpers (busbars). Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a photovoltaic module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 2 For example Figure 1 The photovoltaic module shown is a cross-sectional view at position A.

[0044] Figure 3 For example Figure 1 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module at position B.

[0045] Icon labels:

[0046] 1000, Serial assembly; 2000, Longitudinal metal reflector; 3000, Lateral metal reflector; 4000, Compensating reflector; 5000, Light receiving plate; 6000, Backlight plate; 7000, Adhesive film;

[0047] 1100, battery string;

[0048] 1110. Battery cells. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0051] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0054] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0055] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this application provides a photovoltaic module. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module may include a light-receiving panel 5000, a backlight panel 6000, several string groups 1000, a longitudinal metal reflector 2000, a transverse metal reflector 3000, and a compensating reflector 4000, etc. The light-receiving panel 5000 and the backlight panel 6000 are located on the light-receiving surface and backlight surface of the entire photovoltaic module, respectively. The light-receiving panel 5000 and the backlight panel 6000 may be made of transparent materials such as glass. Based on the space defined between the light-receiving panel 5000 and the backlight panel 6000, the several string groups 1000, the longitudinal metal reflector 2000, the transverse metal reflector 3000, and the compensating reflector 4000, etc., can all be encapsulated between the light-receiving panel 5000 and the backlight panel 6000 using encapsulating material, thereby forming a photovoltaic module. Those skilled in the art can construct the basic structure of the photovoltaic module according to actual needs, and no limitations are imposed here.

[0056] To address the issue that conventional back glass film application methods cannot be adapted to photovoltaic modules with jumpers (busbars) in the string spacing, this application improves the structure of the photovoltaic module. Based on the distribution of jumpers (busbars) in the photovoltaic module, an improved back glass film application method is provided, enabling the reflective film and jumpers (busbars) to coexist in the photovoltaic module.

[0057] In the photovoltaic module provided in this application, the photovoltaic module may be defined as including at least two string groups 1000, each string group 1000 including at least two parallel battery strings 1100, and each battery string 1100 including several battery cells 1110 connected in series. Accordingly, several busbars are adaptedly arranged in the several string groups 1000, and the reflective ability of the metal structure of the busbars is used as reflective rays. In order to distinguish the differences in the assembly method of different busbars (or reflectors), and in order to facilitate the description and understanding of the design scheme of this application, the several busbars (or reflectors) provided in the several string groups 1000 can be divided into longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and transverse metal reflectors 3000.

[0058] First, it is necessary to clarify the design structure of adjacent string groups 1000, adjacent cell strings 1100, and several cell 1110 in the photovoltaic module. (See reference...) Figure 1 As shown, the limitations are as follows: Figure 1 The horizontal direction shown is the horizontal direction of the photovoltaic module in this application, such as... Figure 1 The vertical direction shown is the vertical direction of the photovoltaic module in this application. Each string group 1000 can be equipped with a column of vertical metal reflectors 2000 as needed, and the vertical metal reflectors 2000 are arranged along the direction shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown in the longitudinal arrangement, when one column of longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 in each string group 1000 is assembled in the string group 1000, the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 are all disposed in the string spacing of a pair of adjacent battery strings 1100.

[0059] Correspondingly, the lateral metal reflectors 3000 can be arranged in one or more columns as needed. The lateral metal reflectors 3000 are simultaneously disposed on the back of several string groups 1000, that is, on the back of the battery cells 1110 of the battery string 1100 in the string group 1000. At this time, the lateral metal reflectors 3000 are arranged along the back of the battery cells 1110 of the battery string 1100. Figure 1 The horizontal arrangement is shown, and the horizontal metal reflector 3000 is connected to all the vertical metal reflectors 2000.

[0060] It should be noted that there is a gap between the horizontally adjacent battery strings 1100 in each column of string group 1000. This gap is the string spacing between adjacent battery strings 1100. However, in the vertical direction of the string group 1000, there is no gap between the vertically adjacent battery cells 1110 in each column of battery strings 1100. They are in an overlapping state.

[0061] Therefore, the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 of this application is mainly disposed between the string spacing of adjacent battery strings 1100 in the lateral direction. However, the lateral metal reflector 3000 cannot be disposed between adjacent battery cells 1110 in the lateral direction, and therefore can only be disposed as follows: Figure 3 The horizontal metal reflector 3000 is shown to be disposed on the back of the battery cell 1110.

[0062] In the above structural design of the photovoltaic module, there are longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and transverse metal reflectors 3000. At the same time, a compensation reflector 4000 is also provided in the photovoltaic module. The compensation reflector 4000 can be selected to adopt a strip or strip structure with reflective function, such as a reflective film strip. Based on its strip or strip structure design, the compensation reflector 4000 can be easily installed in the string spacing between adjacent cell strings 1100 in each column of string groups 1000.

[0063] For example, in one embodiment, when one column of longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 in each string group 1000 is disposed in a portion of the spacing between a pair of adjacent battery strings 1100, a compensating reflector 4000 can be disposed in another portion of the spacing, thus avoiding the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000. Alternatively, in one embodiment, when the number of string groups 1000 is three or more, the spacing between adjacent battery strings 1100 in the string group 1000 has two or more, but only one column of spacing in each string group 1000 is provided with a longitudinal metal reflector 2000. Therefore, in all the spacing between adjacent battery strings 1100 in each string group 1000, the areas where no longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 are disposed are provided with compensating reflectors 4000.

[0064] The widths of the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the compensating reflectors 4000 are greater than the string spacing. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design the distribution of the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the compensating reflectors 4000 specifically according to the specific number and structure of the string spacings formed in the photovoltaic module. This ensures that the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the compensating reflectors 4000 occupy as much of the area of ​​all string spacings in the string group 1000 as possible, and also ensures that the compensating reflectors 4000 and the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 are spaced apart and do not contact each other. No variations in the arrangement are limited here.

[0065] Therefore, in the structural design of photovoltaic modules with busbars, compensation reflectors 4000 can be simultaneously installed in the string spacing between adjacent cell strings 1100. Moreover, depending on the installation positions of the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the transverse metal reflectors 3000 in the photovoltaic module, compensation reflectors 4000 can be installed away from the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and the transverse metal reflectors 3000. This allows the jumpers (busbars) and compensation reflectors 4000 to coexist in the structural design of the photovoltaic module, enabling the improved back glass film application scheme to be adapted to the structural design of photovoltaic modules with jumpers (busbars).

[0066] The reason why the compensating reflector 4000 and the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 are spaced apart is that, in order to have reflective properties, the compensating reflector 4000 generally has a metal layer on its surface. However, if the metal comes into contact with the busbar, it can easily cause short circuits. Therefore, the compensating reflector 4000 and the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 must be spaced apart to prevent any contact. At the same time, the surface of the busbar also has a certain degree of reflectivity. Therefore, at locations where busbars (including the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the transverse metal reflector 3000) are installed, there is no need to install a compensating reflector 4000; the reflectivity of the busbar itself is sufficient to reflect light.

[0067] Continue reading Figure 2 As shown, the spacing between the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can be selected to form a spacing in any direction. For example, in one embodiment, the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 in each column 1000 has a first isolation spacing with the compensating reflector 4000 in the same column spacing, and the first isolation spacing between the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can be set as the spacing along the column length direction of the battery string 1100.

[0068] At this time, as Figure 2 As shown, the first isolation gap can be set between 0.01mm and 10mm, for example, the first isolation gap can be set to 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm or 10mm, and is not limited here.

[0069] In addition, the first isolation distance between the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can also be set as the distance in the direction of the photovoltaic module layer, and the distance in other directions of the photovoltaic module, as long as the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the compensating reflector 4000 are spaced apart from each other.

[0070] For the same reason, the lateral metal reflector 3000 and the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 cannot come into contact with the compensating reflector 4000. Therefore, there is also a second isolation distance between the lateral metal reflector 3000 and the compensating reflectors 4000. (Continue reading...) Figure 3 As shown, the mutual spacing between the lateral metal reflector 3000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can be selected to be formed in any direction. For example, in one embodiment, the second isolation spacing between the lateral metal reflector 3000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can be selected to be set as the spacing along the string length direction of the battery string 1100.

[0071] At this time, as Figure 3As shown, the second isolation spacing is set between 0.01mm and 10mm, for example, the second isolation spacing is set to 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm or 10mm, and is not limited here.

[0072] In addition, the second isolation distance between the transverse metal reflector 3000 and the compensating reflector 4000 can also be set as the distance in the direction of the photovoltaic module layer, and the distance in other directions of the photovoltaic module, as long as the transverse metal reflector 3000 and the compensating reflector 4000 are spaced apart from each other.

[0073] Continue reading Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, each string group 1000 may have at least three battery strings 1100. When the number of string groups 1000 is three or more, the spacing between adjacent battery strings 1100 in the string group 1000 is two or more. However, only one column of string groups 1000 has a longitudinal metal reflector 2000. Therefore, the side of each column of string group 1000 adjacent to other string groups 1000 can be defined as the inner side of the string group 1000, and the other side as the outer side of the string group 1000. In this case, the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 in each column of string group 1000 is placed between the outermost pair of adjacent battery strings 1100, which facilitates the electrical connection of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 with other circuits on the outer side of the string group 1000.

[0074] The number of string groups 1000 can be selected to be two or more depending on the structural design of the photovoltaic module. For example, in one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the number of string groups 1000 can be set to two columns, and the two columns of string groups 1000 are interconnected as follows: Figure 1 The side-by-side arrangement shown facilitates the construction of a square photovoltaic module structure. Each string group of 1000 can be configured with three strings of 1100 cells.

[0075] In one embodiment, the number of string groups 1000 is configured as W columns, and the W columns of string groups 1000 are connected in series; each string group 1000 is provided with M battery strings 1100; each column of battery strings 1100 is connected with N battery cells 1110, where N is a multiple of M.

[0076] Therefore, one end of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 in each string group 1000 is located on one side of the first battery cell 1110 in the battery string 1100, or on the plane of the back of the battery cell 1110, specifically within the string spacing, and the other end is located at the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+1]th battery cell 1110. The transverse metal reflector 3000 is disposed on the back of the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+1]th battery cell 1110 in several battery strings 1100 in several string groups 1000. Thus, by the arrangement of the longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and transverse metal reflectors 3000 in several string groups 1000, the number of battery cells 1110 electrically connected to each column of longitudinal metal reflectors 2000 and transverse metal reflectors 3000 is guaranteed to differ by one.

[0077] For example, when the number of string groups 1000 is configured in two columns, each string group 1000 can be set with three battery strings 1100, and each column of battery strings 1100 is connected with 33 battery cells 1110, where 33 is a multiple of 3. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, each battery string 1100 may have 33 battery cells 1110 connected in series. In this case, one end of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 in each string group 1000 may be located on one side of the first battery cell 1110 in the battery string 1100, and the other end of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 may be located between the 22nd and 23rd battery cells 1110. At the same time, the transverse metal reflector 3000 is disposed on the back side of the 22nd or 23rd battery cell 1110 in several battery strings 1100 in several string groups 1000.

[0078] In addition, those skilled in the art can design other specific solutions by matching the arrangement positions of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 and the transverse metal reflector 3000 in several strings 1000 according to actual needs through the design quantity of string group 1000, battery string 1100 and battery cell 1110, which are not limited here.

[0079] Continue reading Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment, the layer distance between the surface of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 facing the light-receiving plate 5000 and the battery cell 1110 is set between 0.02mm and 0.1mm, for example, the layer distance is set to 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, and 0.1mm, etc., and is not limited here. The layer distance between the surface of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 facing the backlight plate 6000 and the backlight plate 6000 is set between 0.05mm and 0.2mm, for example, the layer distance is set to 0.05mm, 0.07mm, 0.09mm, 0.11mm, 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.17mm, and 0.2mm, etc., and is not limited here. At this time, the layer thickness of the compensating reflector 4000 is less than the layer distance between the side surface of the longitudinal metal reflector 2000 facing the backlight plate 6000 and the backlight plate 6000.

[0080] Continue reading Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the layer distance between the surface of the lateral metal reflector 3000 facing the light-receiving plate 5000 and the battery cell 1110 is set between 0.02mm and 0.1mm, for example, the layer distance is set to 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, and 0.1mm, etc., and is not limited here. The layer distance between the surface of the lateral metal reflector 3000 facing the backlight plate 6000 and the backlight plate 6000 is set between 0.05mm and 0.2mm, for example, the layer distance is set to 0.05mm, 0.07mm, 0.09mm, 0.11mm, 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.17mm, and 0.2mm, etc., and is not limited here. At this time, the layer thickness of the compensating reflector 4000 is less than the layer distance between the side surface of the transverse metal reflector 3000 facing the backlight plate 6000 and the backlight plate 6000.

[0081] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module includes several bypass components, each electrically connected to a column of vertical metal reflectors 2000 or a column of horizontal metal reflectors 3000. The bypass components can be selected from devices such as bypass diodes with protective functions, silicon controlled rectifiers, thyristor optimizers, or micro-inverters. When a cell 1110 connected to a current vertical metal reflector 2000 or horizontal metal reflector 3000 fails, the bypass components prevent the failed cell 1110 from affecting cells 1110 connected to other vertical metal reflectors 2000 or horizontal metal reflectors 3000, thereby ensuring that the non-faulty cells 1110 can operate normally, guaranteeing the stable operation and safety of the overall photovoltaic module.

[0082] For example, the most common "failure" scenario is that the solar cell 1110 is shaded (e.g., by leaves, bird droppings, or shadows) or internally damaged (e.g., by microcracks causing performance failure). Under normal operation, all solar cells 1110 perform well, and the illumination is uniform. Each solar cell 1110 generates a forward voltage and current, and the voltage of the entire cell string 1100 is the sum of the voltages of each solar cell 1110. At this time, the bypass diode is reverse biased, acting like an open switch, allowing current to flow normally through all solar cells 1110 without going through the diode's branch.

[0083] When one or more cells 1110 in the battery string 1100 are blocked or damaged, the situation changes drastically. At this time, the faulty cell 1110 becomes a load; the blocked cell 1110 cannot generate electricity but instead consumes power, its resistance increases sharply, transforming it from a "power source" into a "power-consuming load." Driven by the voltage of the other normal cells 1110, the faulty cell 1110 will experience reverse bias and begin to heat up. This is the well-known "hot spot effect." Automatic diode switching allows the voltage applied across the bypass diode connected in parallel with the faulty battery string 1100 to change from reverse bias to forward bias. When this forward voltage exceeds the diode's conduction threshold (typically 0.6-0.7V for silicon diodes), the diode will immediately conduct. After establishing a "current bypass," once the diode conducts, it provides an alternative path with extremely low resistance for the current. Most of the current will choose to "bypass" the high-resistance faulty cell 1110 and flow directly through the bypass diode.

[0084] This can be likened to a major traffic jam or accident on a section of a highway (faulty battery cell 1110). The intelligent transportation system immediately opens a parallel emergency lane (bypass diode). Most vehicles will choose the emergency lane to bypass the congestion, ensuring that traffic (current) is not interrupted.

[0085] Therefore, the above method prevents hot spot damage and avoids the risk of permanent burnout or even fire caused by overheating of the faulty cell 1110, greatly improving the safety of the module. Although the faulty cell string 1100 itself loses its power generation capacity, causing a decrease in the total voltage and power of the entire module, the other intact cell strings 1100 of the module can still work normally and continue to generate power. This ensures the stable operation of the system and maximizes the overall power generation, avoiding a "one-for-all" situation. Without the bypass diode, the current of the entire cell string 1100 would be limited by the faulty cell 1110, and the power loss would be much greater than the power loss of only that cell string 1100.

[0086] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0087] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: At least two columns of string groups (1000), each column of the string group (1000) contains at least two strings of batteries connected in parallel (1100), and each column of the battery strings (1100) contains a plurality of battery cells (1110) connected in series. At least two columns of longitudinal metal reflectors (2000), each column of the string group (1000) is provided with one column of the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000), and the column of the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000) in each column of the string group (1000) is provided in the string spacing of a pair of adjacent battery strings (1100); At least one column of transverse metal reflectors (3000) is disposed on the back of a plurality of the strings (1000), and the transverse metal reflectors (3000) are connected to all the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000). A compensating reflector (4000) is disposed in the string spacing between adjacent battery strings (1100) in each column of the string group (1000).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In each of the string groups (1000), one column of the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000) is disposed in a portion of the string spacing between a pair of adjacent battery strings (1100), and the compensating reflector (4000) is disposed in another portion of the string spacing; and / or, In the string spacing between all adjacent battery strings (1100) in each column of the string group (1000), in areas where the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) is not provided, the compensating reflector (4000) is provided, and the compensating reflector (4000) is spaced apart from the longitudinal metal reflector (2000); and / or, The longitudinal metal reflector (2000) and the transverse metal reflector (3000) are configured as a busbar with reflective function; and / or, The compensating reflector (4000) is configured as a reflective film strip.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000) in each of the string groups (1000) has a first isolation distance from the compensating reflectors (4000) in the same string spacing; and / or, There is a second isolation distance between the lateral metal reflector (3000) and the plurality of the compensating reflectors (4000).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first isolation distance between the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) and the compensating reflector (4000) is the distance along the length direction of the battery string (1100); and / or, The first isolation gap is set between 0.01 mm and 10 mm; and / or, The second isolation distance between the lateral metal reflector (3000) and the compensating reflector (4000) is the distance along the string length direction of the battery string (1100); and / or, The second isolation gap is set between 0.01 mm and 10 mm.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the string groups (1000) is provided with at least three strings of the battery (1100), and the side of each string group (1000) adjacent to the other string groups (1000) is defined as the inner side of the string group (1000), and the other side is defined as the outer side of the string group (1000). In each of the column groups (1000), the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) is located between the outermost pair of adjacent battery strings (1100).

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of the string groups (1000) is configured as W columns, and the string groups (1000) in the W columns are connected in series with each other; Each of the aforementioned string groups (1000) is configured with M strings of the battery strings (1100); Each column of the battery string (1100) is connected to N of the battery cells (1110), where N is a multiple of M; One end of the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) in each of the column groups (1000) is located on the plane of the side or back of the first battery cell (1110) in the battery string (1100), and the other end is located between the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+1]th battery cell (1110); The lateral metal reflector (3000) is disposed on the back of the (W / M)Nth or [(W / M)N+1]th battery cell (1110) of a plurality of battery strings (1100) in a plurality of the ...

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: Light-receiving plate (5000); The backlight panel (6000), several of the aforementioned string groups (1000), the longitudinal metal reflector (2000), the transverse metal reflector (3000), and the compensating reflector (4000) are all encapsulated between the light-receiving plate (5000) and the backlight panel (6000) by an encapsulating material.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The surface distance between the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) facing the light-receiving plate (5000) and the battery cell (1110) is set between 0.02 mm and 0.1 mm; and / or, The surface distance between the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) facing the backlight panel (6000) and the backlight panel (6000) is set between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm; and / or, The layer thickness of the compensating reflector (4000) is less than the layer distance between the side surface of the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) facing the backlight plate (6000) and the backlight plate (6000); and / or, The surface distance between the side surface of the transverse metal reflector (3000) facing the light-receiving plate (5000) and the battery cell (1110) is set between 0.02 mm and 0.1 mm; and / or, The surface distance between the side surface of the transverse metal reflector (3000) facing the backlight panel (6000) and the backlight panel (6000) is set between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm; and / or, The layer thickness of the compensating reflector (4000) is less than the layer distance between the side surface of the transverse metal reflector (3000) facing the backlight plate (6000) and the backlight plate (6000).

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: A plurality of bypass components, each of the bypass components being electrically connected to a column of the longitudinal metal reflectors (2000) or a column of the transverse metal reflectors (3000).

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The widths of the longitudinal metal reflector (2000) and the compensating reflector (4000) are greater than the string spacing.

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