Airlock door structure and cigarette making machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to cigarette making machine technical field discloses a kind of air brake gate structure and cigarette making machine, the air brake gate structure includes gate, square shaft, two side plates and two gate shaft assemblies, the axial both ends of square shaft are respectively fixedly connected in two side plates, gate is rotatably connected in square shaft, two gate shaft assemblies are correspondingly arranged with the axial both ends of square shaft, gate shaft assembly includes support shaft and flange, flange is fixedly connected in one end of support shaft, the other end of support shaft sequentially passes through side plate and square shaft, and with square shaft detachably connected, each side plate is clamped between corresponding square shaft and flange. The air brake gate structure and cigarette making machine provided by the utility model are convenient to disassemble, easy to maintain, reduce the risk of secondary failure occurrence, improve equipment running stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cigarette making machine technology, and in particular to an airlock gate structure and a cigarette making machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the tobacco processing industry, cigarette making machines, as core production equipment, directly determine the production capacity and product quality of tobacco companies through their operational stability and production efficiency. Airlocks, as key control components in the material conveying system of cigarette making machines, primarily undertake important functions such as precise material flow control, flow regulation, and system sealing. The airlock gate shaft is the core transmission component ensuring the airlock achieves these functions; its performance directly affects the airlock's response speed, sealing reliability, and service life, thus having a critical impact on the continuous operation of the entire cigarette making production line. With the tobacco industry's increasingly urgent needs for improved production efficiency, optimized product quality, and controlled production costs, higher demands are being placed on the performance of key components of cigarette making machines. Therefore, the structural optimization and performance improvement of the airlock gate shaft has become one of the important research directions for enhancing the overall operational level of cigarette making machines.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream airlock valve shafts in the industry use copper sleeves as a support structure, achieving the opening and closing action of the valve through the sliding fit between the copper sleeve and the shaft. For example, in some cigarette machine models, the two ends of the valve shaft are fixed to the main frame of the cigarette machine by interference-fit copper sleeves, relying on the self-lubricating properties of the copper sleeves to reduce friction. Meanwhile, to ensure operational safety during equipment operation and to prevent dust and debris from entering the equipment and affecting the operation of components, existing cigarette machines are usually equipped with an integrated protective cover (see...). Figure 1 The airlock valve shaft and other key transmission components are enclosed and protected. The protective cover is fixedly connected to the main frame of the equipment by multiple bolts and connectors.

[0004] However, the existing technical solutions have obvious shortcomings. When the airlock valve shaft fails and needs to be repaired, the operator needs to disassemble multiple fixing bolts and related connecting parts in sequence. There are many disassembly parts involved, and the whole disassembly process takes a long time, which seriously reduces the maintenance efficiency. In addition, the frequent disassembly and reassembly process can easily damage the protective cover, connecting parts and the connection parts of the main frame of the equipment, increasing the risk of secondary failures and further affecting the stable operation of the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an airlock gate structure and a cigarette rolling machine that is easy to disassemble, convenient for maintenance, reduces the risk of secondary failures, and improves the stability of equipment operation.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] On the one hand, an airlock gate structure is provided, comprising:

[0008] gate;

[0009] A square shaft and two side plates are provided. The two ends of the square shaft are fixedly connected to the two side plates, and the gate is rotatably connected to the square shaft.

[0010] Two gate shaft assemblies are provided, with the two gate shaft assemblies corresponding to the two ends of the square shaft. Each gate shaft assembly includes a support shaft and a flange. The flange is fixedly connected to one end of the support shaft, and the other end of the support shaft passes through the side plate and the square shaft in sequence and is detachably connected to the square shaft. Each side plate is sandwiched between the corresponding square shaft and the flange.

[0011] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the airlock gate structure also includes a first fastener, the outer peripheral wall of the support shaft is provided with a first threaded hole, the outer peripheral wall of the square shaft is provided with a connecting hole, and the first fastener passes through the connecting hole and is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole of the support seat.

[0012] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the airlock gate structure also includes a second fastener, the flange is provided with a second threaded hole, and the second fastener passes through the second threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the side plate.

[0013] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the airlock gate structure also includes a bearing, which is embedded in the side plate, and the support shaft and the side plate are connected by the bearing.

[0014] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the support shaft is provided with an oil passage and an oil injection hole. One end of the oil passage is connected to the flange, and the other end of the oil passage is connected to the oil injection hole. The bearing covers the oil injection hole so that lubricating oil can flow into the bearing.

[0015] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the two ends of the square shaft are respectively provided with mounting holes for accommodating bearings. The inner wall of the mounting hole is provided with a groove, and a limiting member is provided in the groove. The limiting member can abut against the end face of the bearing.

[0016] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, the flange and the support shaft are integrally formed structural components;

[0017] Alternatively, the flange can be welded to the support shaft for fixation;

[0018] Alternatively, the flange and the support shaft are connected by a third fastener.

[0019] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, a first sealing gasket is provided between the side plate and the square shaft, and the first sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft;

[0020] And / or, a second sealing gasket is provided between the side plate and the flange, and the second sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft.

[0021] As one possible implementation of the above-mentioned airlock gate structure, one of the side plate and the square shaft is provided with a positioning pin, and the other of the side plate and the square shaft is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning pin can be embedded in the positioning hole.

[0022] On the other hand, a cigarette rolling machine is provided, which includes the airlock structure of any of the above-mentioned technical solutions.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0024] This utility model provides an airlock gate structure and a cigarette rolling machine. The square shaft serves as a bridge connecting two side plates, with its two ends fixedly connected to the two side plates respectively. The side plates are clamped between the square shaft and the flange, forming a reliable axial positioning. The support shaft provides stable radial support for the square shaft, effectively limiting the movement and shaking of each component during operation, ensuring the coaxiality of the square shaft during rotation, reducing problems such as sealing failure and component wear caused by structural shaking, thereby improving the operational stability of the equipment.

[0025] This structure employs a detachable connection design between the support shaft and the square shaft, completely solving the problem of cumbersome disassembly during maintenance of traditional airlock structures. When the equipment requires maintenance (such as replacing the gate seals, lubricating shaft components, or troubleshooting), it is not necessary to disassemble the entire airlock structure. Simply disconnect the detachable connection between the support shaft and the square shaft (e.g., loosen the connecting bolts, pull out the locating pins), and the support shaft can be pulled out from the side plate and the square shaft. This allows for the separation of the square shaft from the side plate, enabling rapid disassembly of the gate body and its core components, facilitating maintenance. Compared to traditional integrated or welded connection structures, this significantly shortens disassembly time and eliminates the need for specialized large disassembly equipment; only conventional tools are required, reducing the skill requirements for maintenance personnel.

[0026] Traditional airlock structures, due to their structural design, require forced disassembly or impact during maintenance, easily causing component deformation, damage to mating surfaces, and stripped threads. This damage during disassembly constitutes "secondary faults," increasing maintenance costs and potentially leading to malfunctions after equipment restart. This new structure, with its detachable connection design, achieves non-destructive disassembly, avoiding mechanical damage during the process. Simultaneously, convenient disassembly allows maintenance personnel to more clearly diagnose the root cause of faults, preventing "mis-repairs" due to inaccurate fault diagnosis and fundamentally reducing the probability of secondary faults. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a cigarette rolling machine in the prior art;

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the airlock gate structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the airlock gate structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gate shaft assembly provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Square shaft; 11. Connecting hole;

[0032] 2. Side panels;

[0033] 3. Support shaft; 31. First threaded hole; 32. Oil injection hole;

[0034] 4. Flange; 41. Second threaded hole;

[0035] 5. First fastener; 6. Frame; 7. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0039] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0040] Figure 1 The diagram shows a commonly used cigarette rolling machine in the prior art. The machine includes a frame 6, an airlock structure, and a protective cover 7. The airlock structure is installed inside the frame 6, and the protective cover 7 is detachably installed on the frame 6, covering it. The protective cover 7 is fixedly connected to the frame 6 by multiple bolts and connectors. The protective cover 7 ensures operational safety during equipment operation and prevents dust and debris from entering the equipment and affecting component operation. When the airlock structure malfunctions and requires repair, operators must sequentially disassemble multiple fixing bolts and related connectors. Due to the large number of disassembly components, the entire disassembly process is time-consuming, severely reducing maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, frequent disassembly and reassembly can easily damage the protective cover 7, connectors, and the connection points of the main frame, increasing the risk of secondary malfunctions and further affecting the stable operation of the equipment. Therefore, to solve the problem of low disassembly efficiency of the airlock shaft, this invention provides an improved airlock structure, as follows:

[0041] like Figure 2-4 As shown, an embodiment of this utility model provides an airlock gate structure, including a gate, a square shaft 1, two side plates 2, and two gate shaft assemblies. The gate is rotatably connected to the square shaft 1, and the two axial ends of the square shaft 1 are respectively fixedly connected to the two side plates 2. The two gate shaft assemblies are correspondingly arranged with the two axial ends of the square shaft 1. The gate shaft assembly includes a support shaft 3 and a flange 4. The flange 4 is fixedly connected to one end of the support shaft 3, and the other end of the support shaft 3 passes through the side plates 2 and the square shaft 1 in sequence, and is detachably connected to the square shaft 1. Each side plate 2 is sandwiched between the corresponding square shaft 1 and the flange 4.

[0042] The square shaft 1 serves as a bridge connecting the two side plates 2, with its two ends fixedly connected to the two side plates 2 respectively. The side plates 2 are clamped between the square shaft 1 and the flange 4, forming a reliable axial positioning. The support shaft 3 provides stable radial support for the square shaft 1, effectively limiting the movement and shaking of each component during operation, ensuring the coaxiality of the square shaft 1 when rotating, reducing problems such as seal failure and component wear caused by structural shaking, thereby improving the operational stability of the equipment.

[0043] This structure employs a detachable connection design between the support shaft 3 and the square shaft 1, completely solving the problem of cumbersome disassembly during maintenance of traditional airlock structures. When the equipment requires maintenance (such as replacing the gate seals, lubricating shaft components, or troubleshooting), it is not necessary to disassemble the entire airlock structure. Simply disconnect the detachable connection between the support shaft 3 and the square shaft 1 (e.g., loosen the connecting bolts, pull out the positioning pins), and the support shaft 3 can be pulled out from the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1. This allows for the separation of the square shaft 1 from the side plate 2, enabling rapid disassembly of the gate body and its core components, facilitating maintenance. Compared to traditional integrated or welded connection structures, this significantly shortens disassembly time and eliminates the need for specialized large disassembly equipment; only conventional tools are required, reducing the skill requirements for maintenance personnel.

[0044] Traditional airlock structures, due to their structural design, require forced disassembly or impact during maintenance, easily causing component deformation, damage to mating surfaces, and stripped threads. This damage during disassembly constitutes "secondary faults," increasing maintenance costs and potentially leading to malfunctions after equipment restart. This new structure, with its detachable connection design, achieves non-destructive disassembly, avoiding mechanical damage during the process. Simultaneously, convenient disassembly allows maintenance personnel to more clearly diagnose the root cause of faults, preventing "mis-repairs" due to inaccurate fault diagnosis and fundamentally reducing the probability of secondary faults.

[0045] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The airlock structure also includes a first fastener 5. The outer peripheral wall of the support shaft 3 is provided with a first threaded hole 31, and the outer peripheral wall of the square shaft 1 is provided with a connecting hole 11. The first fastener 5 passes through the connecting hole 11 and is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole 31 of the support seat. Specifically, the first fastener 5 is a bolt.

[0046] The support shaft 3 is threadedly connected to the connecting hole 11 of the square shaft 1 via the first fastener 5, allowing for quick assembly and disassembly without complex tools. When maintenance of the gate shaft assembly is required, simply unscrewing the first fastener 5 allows the support shaft 3 to be pulled out from the square shaft 1 and side plate 2, enabling independent disassembly of components such as the support shaft 3 and flange 4. Compared to welded or fixed connections, this threaded detachable design avoids damage to the main structure during disassembly, reduces the time and labor costs of maintenance operations, and allows maintenance personnel to quickly access key components (such as the mating surfaces of the support shaft 3 and square shaft 1, and the sealing surfaces of the flange 4) to promptly perform cleaning, lubrication, or replacement, ensuring timely and thorough maintenance.

[0047] Optionally, the connecting hole 11 is an oblong hole, and the extension direction of the oblong hole is consistent with the length direction of the square shaft 1. The oblong hole extends along the length direction of the square shaft 1, providing axial adjustment margin for the connection between the support shaft 3 and the square shaft 1, ensuring that the first fastener 5 can smoothly pass through the connecting hole 11 and accurately fit with the first threaded hole 31 of the support shaft 3, avoiding the problem of "hole misalignment" caused by rigid hole positioning, reducing assembly difficulty and shortening installation time.

[0048] Optionally, the airlock structure also includes a second fastener. The flange 4 is provided with a second threaded hole 41, and the second fastener passes through the second threaded hole 41 and is threadedly connected to the side plate 2. Specifically, the second fastener is a bolt.

[0049] The support shaft 3 is connected to the square shaft 1 via the first fastener 5, and the flange 4 is rigidly fixed to the side plate 2 via the second fastener, forming a dual positioning and fastening system of "support shaft 3-square shaft 1" and "flange 4-side plate 2", which enhances the load-bearing capacity. This design can effectively resist the airflow impact, the torque of the gate opening and closing, and the vibration load during the operation of the airlock, and avoid deformation or loosening of the connection between the support shaft 3 and the square shaft 1 due to excessive force at a single point. It ensures that the gate maintains a stable movement trajectory during high-frequency opening and closing, and reduces the risk of failures such as jamming and abnormal noise.

[0050] Furthermore, the airlock structure also includes bearings, which are embedded in the side plate 2, and the support shaft 3 is engaged with the side plate 2 via the bearings. Specifically, the bearings are needle roller bearings.

[0051] Replacing the sliding friction of the copper bushing with the rolling friction of the needle roller bearing significantly reduces the coefficient of friction (the rolling friction coefficient is typically 0.001-0.005, only 1 / 20-1 / 50 of the sliding friction of the copper bushing). On the one hand, this reduces driving force loss. During the opening and closing of the airlock, the required driving force is significantly reduced when the support shaft 3 rotates relative to the side plate 2 through the bearing. This avoids "jamming" or "lag" caused by excessive frictional resistance, ensuring precise and rapid gate operation, which is especially suitable for scenarios requiring high-frequency opening and closing or rapid airflow cutoff. On the other hand, the uniformity of rolling friction reduces the impact and wear on the mating surfaces of the support shaft 3 and the side plate 2, reducing vibration and abnormal noise during operation. This avoids secondary failures such as fastener loosening and component fatigue damage caused by long-term vibration, improving the overall stability of the equipment.

[0052] Furthermore, the support shaft 3 is provided with an oil passage and an oil injection hole 32. One end of the oil passage is connected to the flange 4, and the other end of the oil passage is connected to the oil injection hole 32. The bearing covers the oil injection hole 32 so that lubricating oil can flow into the bearing.

[0053] After the lubricating oil enters the oil passage through flange 4, it can be precisely sprayed onto the friction contact surface of the bearing through the oil spray hole 32 to form a continuous oil film, effectively reducing the rolling friction coefficient, reducing wear, overheating or even jamming of the bearing caused by dry friction or insufficient lubrication, and significantly extending the service life of the bearing.

[0054] Compared to external application of grease, the built-in oil passage can prevent lubricating oil from overflowing and contaminating the internal medium of the airlock, while also reducing the amount of grease used and lowering maintenance costs.

[0055] Furthermore, the square shaft 1 has mounting holes at both ends for accommodating bearings. The inner wall of the mounting hole has a groove, and a limiting member is provided in the groove. The limiting member can abut against the end face of the bearing. Specifically, the limiting member is a snap ring.

[0056] The limiting component abuts against the bearing end face, which can rigidly constrain the bearing from both ends (or one side) of the axial direction. This effectively prevents the bearing from axial movement caused by vibration, impact or thermal expansion and contraction during rotation, and avoids misalignment between the oil injection hole 32 and the bearing due to bearing movement. It ensures that the lubricating oil flows accurately into the bearing friction surface through the oil injection hole 32, ensuring the effectiveness of the lubrication system, further reducing the risk of bearing wear failure, and ensuring the smoothness of the gate opening and closing action.

[0057] For example, flange 4 and support shaft 3 are integrally formed structural components. This integral structure avoids separate connections (such as welding or bolting) between flange 4 and support shaft 3, fundamentally eliminating stress concentration and potential failure risks at the connection points. When support shaft 3 transmits torque or bears radial loads, flange 4 acts as a load-bearing fulcrum. The integral structure ensures that the load is directly transferred from support shaft 3 to flange 4, avoiding the "breakage risk" caused by welding defects (such as incomplete welds or porosity) or loose bolts in separate connections. This is particularly suitable for dynamic load scenarios involving high-frequency opening and closing of airlock gates, improving the structural load-bearing capacity.

[0058] In other embodiments, the flange 4 and the support shaft 3 can also be welded together or connected by a third fastener. Specifically, the third fastener is a bolt.

[0059] Optionally, a first sealing gasket is provided between the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1, and the first sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft 3. Specifically, the first sealing gasket is made of rubber.

[0060] The first sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft 3 and sandwiched between the mating surfaces of the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1. It can effectively fill the micro gaps between the two (such as flatness deviations caused by machining errors and misalignment gaps during assembly). The first sealing gasket tightly fits the surfaces of the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1 through elastic deformation, forming a radial sealing barrier, which effectively prevents media leakage and impurity intrusion, ensuring zero media leakage and cleanliness inside the equipment.

[0061] Similarly, a second sealing gasket is provided between the side plate 2 and the flange 4, and the second sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft 3. Specifically, the second sealing gasket is made of rubber.

[0062] Optionally, one of the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1 is provided with a positioning pin, and the other of the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1 is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning pin can be embedded in the positioning hole.

[0063] During assembly, the locating pin can be inserted into the locating hole to achieve the initial positioning of the side plate 2 and the square shaft 1, which can quickly align them, reduce adjustment time, and eliminate the need to rely on measuring tools to repeatedly calibrate the relative position of the two (such as perpendicularity and coaxiality), thus improving assembly efficiency.

[0064] An embodiment of this utility model provides a cigarette rolling machine, including the airlock gate structure described above.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An airlock gate structure, characterized in that, include: gate; A square shaft (1) and two side plates (2), the two ends of the square shaft (1) are fixedly connected to the two side plates (2) respectively, and the gate is rotatably connected to the square shaft (1). Two gate shaft assemblies are provided corresponding to the two ends of the square shaft (1). The gate shaft assembly includes a support shaft (3) and a flange (4). The flange (4) is fixedly connected to one end of the support shaft (3). The other end of the support shaft (3) passes through the side plate (2) and the square shaft (1) in sequence and is detachably connected to the square shaft (1). Each side plate (2) is sandwiched between the corresponding square shaft (1) and the flange (4).

2. The airlock gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airlock structure also includes a first fastener (5), the outer peripheral wall of the support shaft (3) is provided with a first threaded hole (31), the outer peripheral wall of the square shaft (1) is provided with a connecting hole (11), and the first fastener (5) passes through the connecting hole (11) and is threaded to the first threaded hole (31) of the support shaft (3).

3. The airlock gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airlock structure also includes a second fastener. The flange (4) is provided with a second threaded hole (41). The second fastener passes through the second threaded hole (41) and is threaded to the side plate (2).

4. The airlock gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airlock structure also includes a bearing, which is embedded in the side plate (2), and the support shaft (3) cooperates with the side plate (2) through the bearing.

5. The airlock gate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support shaft (3) is provided with an oil passage and an oil injection hole (32). One end of the oil passage is connected to the flange (4), and the other end of the oil passage is connected to the oil injection hole (32). The bearing covers the oil injection hole (32) so that lubricating oil can flow into the bearing.

6. The airlock gate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The square shaft (1) has mounting holes at both ends for accommodating the bearing. The inner wall of the mounting hole has a groove, and a limiting member is provided in the groove. The limiting member can abut against the end face of the bearing.

7. An airlock gate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The flange (4) and the support shaft (3) are integrally formed structural components; Alternatively, the flange (4) may be welded and fixed to the support shaft (3); Alternatively, the flange (4) is connected to the support shaft (3) by a third fastener.

8. The airlock gate structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, A first sealing gasket is provided between the side plate (2) and the square shaft (1), and the first sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft (3); And / or, a second sealing gasket is provided between the side plate (2) and the flange (4), and the second sealing gasket is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft (3).

9. The airlock gate structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, One of the side plate (2) and the square shaft (1) is provided with a positioning pin, and the other of the side plate (2) and the square shaft (1) is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning pin can be embedded in the positioning hole.

10. A cigarette rolling machine, characterized in that, Includes the airlock gate structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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