Rotary shaft waterproof and debris prevention structure of five-axis rotary table
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522326700.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-03
AI Technical Summary
密封可靠性不足，在高速旋转和长时间运行下，单纯的接触式密封容易磨损，导致密封失效
本实用新型的五轴转台的旋转轴防水防屑结构，通过被动密封（轴封环）和主动吹扫（气幕）双重机制，形成了多层次、立体的防护体系，能有效抵御冷却液和金属碎屑的侵入，极大延长了内部轴承和刹车系统的使用寿命。
Smart Images
Figure CN224855406U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of machining center technology, and in particular to a waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotary axis of a five-axis rotary table. Background Technology
[0002] Five-axis CNC machine tools are key equipment for machining complex curved surface parts, and the accuracy and reliability of their rotary table directly determine the machining quality. In actual machining processes, especially during wet cutting, coolant and metal chips (iron chips) generated during machining can easily intrude into the rotating axis of the rotary table.
[0003] Existing five-axis rotary tables typically employ simple sealing structures for their rotating axes, primarily relying on contact seals (such as oil seals) for protection. This structure suffers from the following significant drawbacks: Insufficient sealing reliability means that simple contact seals are prone to wear under high-speed rotation and prolonged operation, leading to seal failure. If coolant and fine metal shavings infiltrate, they can contaminate the precision bearings and braking system inside the turntable, causing bearing corrosion and wear, and ultimately, brake malfunction.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rotating shaft protection structure that can effectively and actively defend against coolant and chips, and protect the core components inside the turntable. Utility Model Content
[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating axis of a five-axis rotary table, and the specific technical solution is as follows.
[0006] A waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis rotary table includes a rotary table bearing housing, a base body, a stator, a rotor, and a rotating shaft. The front end face of the base body has an installation groove. A brake body, fitted onto the outside of the rotating shaft, is fixedly installed in the installation groove. A brake assembly is provided between the rear end of the brake body and the rotating shaft. The front end of the brake body has a positioning hole. A shaft seal ring is provided between the outside of the rotating shaft and the wall of the positioning hole. Two shaft seal caps, abutting against the front end face of the shaft seal ring, are provided on the front end face of the brake body. A first air blowing channel, extending axially to the bottom of the installation groove, is provided on the rear end face of the base body. A second air blowing channel, communicating with the first air blowing channel, is provided inside the brake body. The air outlet of the second air blowing channel is located on the front end face of the brake body.
[0007] Furthermore, the second air blowing channel includes a first axial air hole opened at the rear end edge of the brake body, a first radial air hole opened at the front end of the side of the seat body and communicating with the first axial air hole, and a second axial air hole opened at the front end of the brake body and communicating with the first radial air hole.
[0008] Furthermore, the shaft seal cover is composed of two semi-circular pressure plates spliced together, and the pressure plates are fixed to the brake body by bolts.
[0009] Furthermore, the two pressure plates are provided with a semi-circular hole at the splicing end, and there is an air jet gap at the splicing point of the two pressure plates. There is a gap between the hole wall of the semi-circular hole and the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft.
[0010] Furthermore, the rear end of the brake body is provided with a stepped hole, and the brake assembly includes a brake pad fixedly disposed outside the rotating shaft, which is adapted to the stepped surface of the stepped hole. A brake piston adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad is disposed inside the stepped hole. The seat body is provided with a brake air passage, and the air outlet of the brake air passage is adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston. The seat body and the brake body are provided with a brake release air passage, and the air outlet of the brake release air passage is adapted to the front end face of the brake piston.
[0011] Furthermore, the brake air passage includes a third axial air hole opened at the rear end edge of the seat body, a second radial air hole opened at the front end of the side of the seat body and communicating with the third axial air hole, and a fourth axial air hole opened at the bottom of the mounting groove and communicating with the second radial air hole.
[0012] Furthermore, the stepped hole is provided with a first inner step and a second inner step, the brake piston is provided with a first outer step that is adapted to the step surface of the first inner step, the step surface of the second inner step is adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad; the air outlet of the brake release air passage is located on the step surface of the first inner step.
[0013] Furthermore, the brake release air passage includes a fifth axial air hole that communicates with the mounting groove and is located at the edge of the rear end face of the seat; a sixth axial air hole that communicates with the fifth axial air hole and is located at the rear end face of the brake body; a third radial air hole that communicates with the fifth axial air hole and is located on the side of the brake body; and a seventh axial air hole that communicates with the third radial air hole and is located on the step surface of the first-stage inner step.
[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: The five-axis rotary table of this invention features a waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft. Through a dual mechanism of passive sealing (shaft sealing ring) and active purging (air curtain), it forms a multi-layered and three-dimensional protection system that can effectively resist the intrusion of coolant and metal debris, and greatly extend the service life of the internal bearings and braking system. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural front view of the waterproof and chip-proof rotating shaft structure of the five-axis turntable of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of the waterproof and chip-proof rotating shaft structure of the five-axis turntable of this utility model; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view along the DD direction; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view in the middle EE direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view in the FF direction; Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the central shaft seal cover of this utility model.
[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Turntable bearing housing; 2. Rotating shaft; 3. Base; 4. Mounting groove; 5. Brake body; 6. Positioning hole; 7. Shaft seal ring; 8. Shaft seal cover; 9. First air blowing channel; 10. Second air blowing channel; 11. First axial air hole; 12. First radial air hole; 13. Second axial air hole; 14. Pressure plate; 15. Semi-circular hole; 16. Stepped hole; 17. Brake pad; 18. Brake piston; 19. Brake air passage; 20. Brake release air passage; 21. Third axial air hole; 22. Second radial air hole; 23. Fourth axial air hole; 24. Fifth axial air hole; 25. Sixth axial air hole; 26. Third radial air hole; 27. Seventh axial air hole; 100. Stator; 200. Rotor. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0019] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below based on its overall structure.
[0020] Reference Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable, including a turntable bearing housing 1. The rear end of the housing 2 of the turntable bearing housing 1 is provided with a stator 100 and a rotor 200. The front end of the housing 2 of the turntable bearing housing 1 is provided with a rotating shaft 2 connected to the rotor 200. The front end face of the housing 2 is provided with a mounting groove 3. A brake body 5 is fixedly installed in the mounting groove 4 and sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 3. A brake assembly is provided between the rear end of the brake body 5 and the rotating shaft 3. The front end of the brake body 5 is provided with a positioning hole 6. A shaft seal ring 7 is provided between the outside of the rotating shaft 3 and the hole wall of the positioning hole 6. Two shaft seal caps 8 are provided on the front end face of the brake body 5 and abut against the front end face of the shaft seal ring 7. A first air blowing channel 9 extending axially to the bottom of the mounting groove 4 is provided on the rear end face of the housing 2. The interior of the brake body 5 is provided with a second air blowing channel 10 that can communicate with the first air blowing channel 9. The air jet port of the second air blowing channel 10 is located on the front end face of the brake body 5. In the five-axis turntable's waterproof and chip-proof rotating shaft structure of this utility model, an installation groove 4 is opened on the front end face of the base 2, and the brake body 5 is fixedly installed in the installation groove 4, thus placing the brake system in front and integrating it into the base 2, resulting in a compact structure.
[0021] The brake body is divided into two functional areas: front and rear. The brake assembly is located at the rear, while the positioning hole 6 is located at the front. A shaft seal ring 7 is installed between the rotating shaft 3 and the hole wall of the positioning hole 5, serving as the first static sealing barrier. Then, the shaft seal ring 7 is pressed tightly from the front by the shaft seal cover 8, ensuring the stability and sealing effect of the seal, thus forming the main passive sealing defense line.
[0022] A first air-blowing channel 9 is formed on the rear end face of the seat, extending axially and communicating with the bottom of the mounting groove 4. Simultaneously, a second air-blowing channel 10 is provided inside the brake body 5, allowing it to connect with the first air-blowing channel 9. The nozzle of the second air-blowing channel 10 is located on the front end face of the brake body 5. Clean, dry compressed air supplied by an external air source passes sequentially through the first air-blowing channel 9 and the second air-blowing channel 10, ultimately exiting from the nozzle on the front end face of the brake body 5. The air enters the gap between the shaft seal cover 8 and the front end face of the brake body 5, and then exits from the gap between the shaft seal cover 8 and the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft 3, as well as the gap between the shaft seal cover 8 and the wall of the mounting groove 4, forming an "air curtain" barrier around the rotating shaft and generating a positive airflow. This air curtain effectively disperses coolant and debris attempting to approach the rotating shaft and sealing area, preventing them from contacting the shaft seal ring. The outward airflow direction blows away any small amount of debris and liquid already adhering to the shaft surface or accumulated near the shaft seal cover, providing a self-cleaning effect.
[0023] By combining passive sealing shaft seal rings with active purging air curtains, the overall waterproof and chip-proof reliability is greatly improved, effectively protecting the internal brake components and bearings.
[0024] Specifically, the second air blowing channel 10 includes a first axial air hole 11 formed at the rear end edge of the brake body 5, a first radial air hole 12 formed at the front end of the side of the seat 2 and communicating with the first axial air hole 11, and a second axial air hole 13 formed at the front end of the brake body 5 and communicating with the first radial air hole 12. The outer end of the first radial air hole 12 is blocked. In this embodiment, the second air blowing channel 10 consists of three channels: the first axial air hole 11 formed at the rear end edge of the brake body 5, the first radial air hole 12 formed at the front end of the side of the seat, and the second axial air hole 13 formed on the inner side of the front end of the brake body. These three channels are connected in sequence. The airflow enters from the first air blowing channel 9 behind the seat 2, first enters the brake body 5 through the first axial air hole 11, then changes direction through the first radial air hole 12, and finally is ejected forward through the second axial air hole 13. By utilizing the combination of axial and radial holes, other internal components, such as the brake structure, are cleverly bypassed. The structure is simple, has good manufacturability, unobstructed air passage, and low pressure loss.
[0025] Specifically, the shaft seal cover 8 is composed of two semi-circular pressure plates 14 spliced together, and the pressure plates 14 are fixed to the brake body 5 by bolts. The two semi-circular pressure plates are closed to form a complete annular cover, which is pressed against the front end face of the shaft seal ring. This facilitates installation and maintenance, eliminating the need for insert installation from the shaft end. The two pressure plates are simply bolted to the end face of the brake body 5 on-site, making disassembly and assembly convenient and improving assembly efficiency and maintainability.
[0026] Furthermore, a semi-circular hole 15 is provided at the splicing end of the two pressure plates 14. When the two pressure plates 14 are spliced, an air jet gap is naturally formed at the splicing point, and a gap is left between the semi-circular hole 15 and the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft 3. Part of the gas ejected from the second air blowing channel 10 is blown out through this air jet gap and gap. Designing the shaft seal cover itself as part of the air blowing system makes the air curtain distribution more uniform, especially in the area where debris easily accumulates at the junction of the cover and the shaft. This enhances the thoroughness of the purging effect and further prevents debris from getting stuck at the edge of the cover.
[0027] Specifically, the rear end of the brake body 5 is provided with a stepped hole 16, and the brake assembly includes a brake pad 17 fixedly disposed outside the rotating shaft 3, which is adapted to the stepped surface of the stepped hole. The stepped hole 16 is provided with a brake piston 18 adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad 17. The seat 2 is provided with a brake air passage 19 inside, and the air outlet of the brake air passage 19 is adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston 18. The seat 2 and the brake body 5 are provided with a brake release air passage 20 inside, and the air outlet of the brake release air passage 20 is adapted to the front end face of the brake piston 18.
[0028] Specifically, the brake air passage 19 includes a third axial air hole 21 opened at the rear end edge of the seat body 2, a second radial air hole 22 opened at the front end of the side of the seat body 2 and communicating with the third axial air hole 21, and a fourth axial air hole 23 opened at the bottom of the mounting groove 4 and communicating with the second radial air hole 22.
[0029] Specifically, the stepped hole 16 is provided with a first inner step and a second inner step, the brake piston 18 is provided with a first outer step that is adapted to the step surface of the first inner step, the step surface of the second inner step is adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad 17, and the air outlet of the brake release air passage 20 is located on the step surface of the first inner step.
[0030] Specifically, the brake release air passage 20 includes a fifth axial air hole 24 that is formed on the rear end face edge of the seat 2 and communicates with the mounting groove 4, a sixth axial air hole 25 that is formed on the rear end face of the brake body 5 and communicates with the fifth axial air hole 24, a third radial air hole 26 that is formed on the side of the brake body 5 and communicates with the fifth axial air hole 24, and a seventh axial air hole 27 that is formed on the step surface of the first inner step and communicates with the third radial air hole 26.
[0031] In this embodiment, the brake assembly includes brake pads fixed on a rotating shaft and a brake piston disposed in a stepped hole. The housing contains a brake air passage, the outlet of which acts on the rear end of the brake piston, pushing the piston to press against the brake pads to achieve braking. The housing and brake body also contain a brake release air passage, the outlet of which acts on the front end of the brake piston; when air pressure is introduced, the piston retracts, releasing the brake.
[0032] The working principle is: During braking: Compressed air is introduced into the brake air passage. The air pressure acts on the rear end of the brake piston, pushing it forward and pressing the brake pads firmly against the stepped surface of the stepped hole, using friction to achieve braking. When released: Compressed air is introduced into the brake release air passage. The air pressure acts on the front end of the brake piston. At the same time, the brake air passage is depressurized. The piston moves backward under the action of the air pressure difference, the brake pads are released, and the turntable can rotate freely.
[0033] The pneumatic braking system is highly integrated within a waterproof and chip-proof structure, achieving a compact design. Reliable braking and release functions are achieved through independent air circuit control. It features a compact structure, rapid response, and reliable control. Placing the braking system behind a protected seal and air curtain ensures its long-term operational stability.
[0034] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0035] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable, comprising a turntable bearing housing (1), a base body (2), a stator (100), a rotor (200), and a rotating shaft (3), characterized in that, The front end face of the seat (2) is provided with an installation groove (4). A brake body (5) sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (3) is fixedly installed in the installation groove (4). A brake assembly is provided between the rear end of the brake body (5) and the rotating shaft (3). A positioning hole (6) is provided at the front end of the brake body (5). A shaft sealing ring (7) is provided between the outside of the rotating shaft (3) and the hole wall of the positioning hole (6). Two shaft sealing caps (8) that abut against the front end face of the shaft sealing ring (7) are provided on the front end face of the brake body (5). A first air blowing channel (9) extending axially to the bottom of the installation groove (4) is provided on the rear end face of the seat (2). A second air blowing channel (10) that can communicate with the first air blowing channel (9) is provided inside the brake body (5). The air jet of the second air blowing channel (10) is located on the front end face of the brake body (5).
2. The waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second air blowing channel (10) includes a first axial air hole (11) opened at the rear end edge of the brake body (5), a first radial air hole (12) opened at the front end of the side of the seat (2) and communicating with the first axial air hole (11), and a second axial air hole (13) opened at the front end of the brake body (5) and communicating with the first radial air hole (12).
3. The waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft seal cover (8) is composed of two semi-circular pressure plates (14) spliced together, and the pressure plates (14) are fixed to the brake body (5) by bolts.
4. The waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two pressure plates (14) are provided with a semi-circular hole (15) at the splicing end, and there is an air jet gap at the splicing point of the two pressure plates (14). There is a gap between the hole wall of the semi-circular hole (15) and the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft (3).
5. A waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotary axis of a five-axis turntable according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The rear end of the brake body (5) is provided with a stepped hole (16). The brake assembly includes a brake pad (17) fixedly disposed outside the rotating shaft (3) and adapted to the stepped surface of the stepped hole. The stepped hole (16) is provided with a brake piston (18) adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad (17). The seat (2) is provided with a brake air passage (19). The air outlet of the brake air passage (19) is adapted to the rear end face of the brake piston (18). The seat (2) and the brake body (5) are provided with a brake release air passage (20). The air outlet of the brake release air passage (20) is adapted to the front end face of the brake piston (18).
6. The waterproof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 5, characterized in that, The brake air passage (19) includes a third axial air hole (21) opened at the rear end edge of the seat (2), a second radial air hole (22) opened at the front end of the side of the seat (2) and communicating with the third axial air hole (21), and a fourth axial air hole (23) opened at the bottom of the mounting groove (4) and communicating with the second radial air hole (22).
7. The water-proof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stepped hole (16) is provided with a first-level inner step and a second-level inner step. The brake piston (18) is provided with a first outer step that is adapted to the step surface of the first-level inner step. The step surface of the second-level inner step is adapted to the rear end face of the brake pad (17). The air outlet of the brake release air passage (20) is located on the step surface of the first-stage inner step.
8. The water-proof and chip-proof structure for the rotating shaft of a five-axis turntable according to claim 7, characterized in that, The brake release air passage (20) includes a fifth axial air hole (24) that is opened at the rear end edge of the seat (2) and communicates with the mounting groove (4), a sixth axial air hole (25) that is opened at the rear end face of the brake body (5) and communicates with the fifth axial air hole (24), a third radial air hole (26) that is opened on the side of the brake body (5) and communicates with the fifth axial air hole (24), and a seventh axial air hole (27) that is opened on the step surface of the first inner step and communicates with the third radial air hole (26).