A conical shell workpiece pressing tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of machining, concretely relates to a conical shell workpiece pressing tool, including base, a plurality of support blocks are arranged on the base, the support block top is equipped with the conical groove with workpiece outer wall shape adaptation, all conical groove of support block penetrates in proper order and forms the clamping interval for containing workpiece together, every conical groove all is provided with the press block, the press block bottom surface is equipped with the conical lamination surface with workpiece inner wall adhesion, every support block all is equipped with the pressing assembly, the pressing assembly is located conical groove one side, the pressing assembly will press block press in workpiece inner wall, the utility model forms the clamping interval through arranging a plurality of support blocks with conical groove on the base, sets up the press block with conical lamination surface in the conical groove, and cooperates the pressing assembly to apply the pressing force from the workpiece inside, can realize the balanced force structure of inside and outside clamping, solves the technical problem that special-shaped curved surface workpiece positioning is difficult.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining, and in particular to a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace, shipbuilding, and other fields, a special structural component—the conical cover—is frequently used. This workpiece is typically formed by cutting a hollow cone in half along its axis, resulting in a large, thin-walled conical shell. After the main body of such workpieces is formed (e.g., by rolling, spinning, or casting), the mounting edges need to be milled and holes drilled to ensure dimensional accuracy, flatness, and assembly relationships with other components.

[0003] Currently, the main technical challenges in machining the cross-section of such conical shells are as follows: 1. Poor workpiece rigidity and easy deformation: Due to its thin-walled shell structure and open overall design, the workpiece has low rigidity. Under clamping and cutting forces, it is prone to elastic deformation or even plastic deformation, which makes it impossible to guarantee machining accuracy and may even lead to workpiece scrap in severe cases.

[0004] 2. Difficulty in clamping and positioning: The outer surface of the conical shell is conical, and the inner surface is also conical, making it an irregular curved surface part. Traditional flat fixtures or general-purpose fixtures are difficult to use for effective and stable positioning and support. If cumbersome methods such as welding temporary supports are used, not only is it inefficient, but it will also introduce new stress and deformation risks, and removing the supports afterwards is extremely inconvenient.

[0005] In existing technologies, common clamping methods often involve setting V-shaped blocks or simple arc blocks on the base for support, and then using pressure plates to directly press the workpiece from the outside. This method concentrates the clamping force on a local point or line, which can easily cause workpiece damage and new deformation.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a special clamping fixture for machining the aforementioned conical cover workpiece, which can effectively suppress the deformation and vibration of the workpiece during the machining process and ensure machining accuracy and quality. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problems of conical shell workpieces being easily deformed and difficult to clamp stably, and to provide a clamping fixture for conical shell workpieces.

[0008] This utility model provides a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece, including a base, on which a plurality of support blocks are arranged. The top of each support block is provided with a conical groove adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the workpiece. The conical grooves of all the support blocks are sequentially connected to form a clamping area for accommodating the workpiece. Each conical groove is provided with a pressure block. The bottom surface of the pressure block is provided with a conical contact surface that fits against the inner wall of the workpiece. Each support block is provided with a clamping assembly located on one side of the conical groove. The clamping assembly clamps the pressure block against the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0009] This utility model discloses a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece. In use, the workpiece is first placed within the clamping area formed by the conical grooves of multiple support blocks, ensuring the outer wall of the workpiece fits against the conical grooves for initial positioning and external support. Then, each clamping block is placed inside the workpiece, with its bottom conical contact surface in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece. Next, a clamping assembly is installed on each support block, with one end of the clamping assembly acting on the top of the clamping block. Finally, the clamping assembly is operated to generate a downward clamping force. This force drives the clamping block downwards and tightly presses it against the inner wall of the workpiece, thereby stably clamping the workpiece within the conical grooves of the support blocks, forming a reliable clamping state from the inside out, effectively suppressing deformation and vibration during processing.

[0010] Preferably, the base is provided with a plurality of connection holes, and fastening bolts are provided in the connection holes.

[0011] The entire fixture can be stably fixed to the worktable or machine tool base by connecting holes and fastening bolts, preventing the fixture from shifting due to cutting forces during machining, thus ensuring the rigidity of the entire system and the stability of the machining process.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a pressure plate, a clamping bolt, and a pad. The pad is disposed on one side of the top surface of the support block. One end of the pressure plate rests on the pad, and the other end rests on the top surface of the pressure block. The pressure plate has a through hole for installing the clamping bolt, and the top surface of the support block has a threaded hole adapted to the clamping bolt.

[0013] Using the pad as a fulcrum, the middle of the pressure plate is pressed down by tightening the clamping bolts, and the other end (i.e. the end that overlaps the pressure block) transmits the force to the pressure block, thereby achieving stable clamping of the workpiece from the inside out. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0014] Preferably, each of the support blocks is provided with two threaded holes, which are respectively located on both sides of the tapered groove.

[0015] This design provides flexible mounting positions for the clamping assembly by symmetrically setting threaded holes on both sides of the top of the support block. In actual processing, the clamping assembly can be flexibly installed on the side that will not interfere with the cutting tool or probe, depending on the specific location of the features to be processed on the conical shell (such as holes or grooves). This interchangeable design effectively solves the problem of processing accessibility caused by obstruction by components such as pressure plates and bolts, expands the applicability of the tooling, and improves processing efficiency and safety.

[0016] Preferably, the through hole is an oblong hole, and the long axis of the oblong hole is arranged along the length direction of the pressure plate.

[0017] The oblong hole provides a certain amount of adjustment margin for the pressure plate during installation and clamping, which makes the operator more tolerant of errors when placing the pressure plate, facilitates quick alignment of the threaded hole, and also allows for fine adjustment of the contact position between the pressure plate and the pressure block to adapt to minor dimensional changes or wear, thus enhancing the adaptability and ease of use of the tooling.

[0018] Preferably, each of the support blocks is provided with a clearance window at the bottom, and the top of the clearance window is provided with an adjusting screw hole that communicates with the conical groove, and an adjusting bolt is provided in the adjusting screw hole.

[0019] The clearance window provides operating space, allowing tools to be inserted from below to rotate the adjusting bolt. By rotating the adjusting bolt, the conical shell can be raised or lowered, thereby fine-tuning the workpiece's posture during the initial clamping stage. It also avoids the problem of unevenness on the surface of the conical shell causing poor fit between the conical shell and the cone, achieving optimal initial positioning and support.

[0020] Preferably, the avoidance window is set as a rectangle, and the corners of the avoidance window are all provided with rounded chamfers.

[0021] The rectangular window structure is simple and easy to process. The key rounded chamfer design can effectively eliminate stress concentration at sharp corners and prevent the support block from cracking or breaking at these weak points during long-term use and load bearing. This improves the structural reliability and service life of the tooling. At the same time, the chamfer also makes it easier to clean the chips accumulated in the window during processing, improving the maintenance convenience of the tooling.

[0022] Preferably, the axis of the adjusting screw hole is arranged along the normal direction of the tapered groove.

[0023] Setting the axis of the adjusting bolt along the normal direction of the tapered groove (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the contact surface of the outer wall of the workpiece) ensures that the direction of the adjusting force is accurate. When making fine adjustments, the workpiece can be lifted or lowered most effectively, avoiding unnecessary lateral force that could cause the workpiece to slide or shift. This achieves more precise and stable fine-tuning control of the workpiece's posture.

[0024] Preferably, each of the clearance windows has two adjusting screw holes at its top, the two adjusting screw holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis of the tapered groove, and each adjusting screw hole is equipped with an adjusting bolt.

[0025] This symmetrical arrangement of dual adjusting bolts enables precise leveling and torsional deformation correction of the workpiece on the support block. By independently adjusting the bolts on both sides, the torsional angle of the conical shell workpiece in the direction around the axis can be precisely controlled, ensuring that its cross-section is always in the ideal processing posture. This effectively solves the problem of one-sided suspension caused by slight deformation or placement deviation of the workpiece itself, and enables the outer wall of the workpiece to achieve uniform contact with the conical groove and the inner wall of the workpiece to achieve full-area contact with the pressure block, greatly improving the initial positioning accuracy and overall support rigidity of the tooling.

[0026] Preferably, vertical planes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure block.

[0027] While ensuring sufficient contact area between the pressure block and the inner wall of the workpiece to provide stable clamping force, the excess material on both sides is removed, effectively reducing the overall weight of the pressure block, making it easier to handle and install. At the same time, it reduces the interference of the pressure block itself on the processing path, improving the accessibility and safety of processing.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This utility model provides a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece. By arranging multiple support blocks with conical grooves on the base to form a continuous clamping interval, it can achieve complete fit and stable support for the outer wall of the conical shell, effectively solving the technical problem of difficult positioning of irregular curved surface workpieces; 2. This utility model provides a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece. By setting a pressure block with a conical contact surface in the conical groove and applying clamping force from the inside of the workpiece in conjunction with the clamping assembly, a balanced force structure of internal and external clamping can be achieved, avoiding local stress concentration and workpiece damage caused by traditional external clamping methods. 3. This utility model provides a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece. By independently setting clamping components on each support block to act on the corresponding pressure block, multi-point distributed clamping along the workpiece axis can be achieved, effectively suppressing the overall deformation and vibration of the thin-walled shell during the processing and ensuring processing accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the usage state of a conical shell workpiece clamping fixture according to this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support block described in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure block described in this utility model; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of area A in the middle; Marked in the image: 1-Base, 11-Connecting hole, 2-Support block, 21-Conical groove, 22-Allowing window, 23-Threaded hole, 24-Adjusting screw hole, 3-Pressure block, 31-Conical mating surface, 32-Vertical plane, 4-Adjusting bolt, 41-Pressure plate, 411-Through hole, 42-Pressure bolt, 43-Padded block, 5-Conical shell. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0035] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0036] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece includes a base 1, on which a plurality of support blocks 2 are arranged. The top of each support block 2 is provided with a conical groove 21 that is adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the conical shell 5. The conical grooves 21 of all the support blocks 2 are sequentially connected to form a clamping area for accommodating the conical shell 5. Each conical groove 21 is provided with a pressure block 3. The bottom surface of the pressure block 3 is provided with a conical contact surface 31 that fits against the inner wall of the conical shell 5. Each support block 2 is provided with a clamping assembly located on one side of the conical groove 21. The clamping assembly clamps the pressure block 3 against the inner wall of the conical shell 5.

[0037] In optional implementations, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple connecting holes 11 can be provided on the base 1, and fastening bolts can be installed in the connecting holes 11. The base 1 can be fixed on the worktable or machine tool by the fastening bolts to prevent tool displacement caused by cutting force during the processing.

[0038] In optional implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, vertical planes 32 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure block 3. This "slimmed-down" structure ensures that the pressure block 3 has sufficient contact area with the inner wall of the workpiece to provide stable clamping force, while removing excess material on both sides, effectively reducing the overall weight of the pressure block 3, making it easier to pick up and install. At the same time, it reduces the interference of the pressure block 3 itself on the processing path, improving the accessibility and safety of processing.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the clamping assembly may include a pressure plate 41, a clamping bolt 42, and a pad 43. The pad 43 is disposed on one side of the top surface of the support block 2. One end of the pressure plate 41 rests on the pad 43, and the other end rests on the top surface of the pressure block 3. The pressure plate 41 is provided with a through hole 411 for installing the clamping bolt 42. The top surface of the support block 2 is provided with a threaded hole 23 that is adapted to the clamping bolt 42. With the pad 43 as the fulcrum, by tightening the clamping bolt 42, the middle part of the pressure plate 41 is pressed down by force, and its other end (i.e., the end that rests on the pressure block 3) transmits the force to the pressure block 3, thereby achieving stable clamping of the workpiece from the inside out. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0040] In optional implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, threaded holes 23 can be provided on both sides of each of the support blocks 2. In actual processing, the clamping component can be flexibly installed on the side that will not interfere with the tool or probe, depending on the specific location of the feature to be processed (such as hole or groove) on the conical shell 5. This interchangeable design effectively solves the problem of processing accessibility caused by the obstruction of components such as the pressure plate 41 and bolts, expands the applicability of the tooling, and improves processing efficiency and safety.

[0041] In optional implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the through hole 411 on the pressure plate 41 can be set as an oblong hole, with the long axis of the oblong hole set along the length of the pressure plate 41. The oblong hole provides a certain amount of front-to-back adjustment margin for the pressure plate 41 during installation and clamping. This makes the operator more tolerant of errors when placing the pressure plate 41, and facilitates quick alignment of the threaded hole 23. At the same time, it can also finely adjust the contact position between the pressure plate 41 and the pressure block 3 to adapt to small dimensional changes or wear, thereby enhancing the adaptability and ease of use of the tooling.

[0042] In one or more implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, a clearance window 22 can be provided at the lower part of each support, and an adjustment screw hole 24 is provided at the upper part of the clearance window 22 to connect to the conical groove 21 on the support block 2. An adjustment bolt 4 is provided in the adjustment screw hole 24. By rotating the adjustment bolt 4, the conical shell 5 can be raised or lowered, thereby fine-tuning the posture of the workpiece in the initial stage of clamping. At the same time, it can also avoid the problem of the conical shell 5 not fitting tightly with the cone due to the unevenness of the surface of the conical shell 5, and achieve the best initial positioning and support.

[0043] In an optional implementation, the avoidance window 22 can be set as a rectangle, with rounded corners at the corners.

[0044] In optional implementations, such as Figure 2As shown, the axis of the adjusting screw hole 24 can be set along the normal of the tapered groove 21, that is, perpendicular to the contact surface of the outer wall of the workpiece. This design ensures that the direction of the adjusting force is accurate, and the workpiece can be lifted or lowered most effectively when fine-tuning, avoiding unnecessary lateral force that could cause the workpiece to slide or shift, thereby achieving more precise and stable fine-tuning control of the workpiece posture.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the top of the clearance window 22 of each support block 2 is provided with two adjustment screw holes 24. The two adjustment screw holes 24 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis of the conical groove 21. Each adjustment screw hole 24 is equipped with an adjustment bolt 4. This symmetrical arrangement of double adjustment bolts 4 realizes the precise leveling and torsional deformation correction of the workpiece on the support block 2. By independently adjusting the bolts on both sides, the torsional angle of the conical shell 5 workpiece in the direction around the axis can be precisely controlled, ensuring that its cross-section is always in the ideal processing posture. This effectively solves the problem of one-sided suspension caused by slight deformation or placement deviation of the workpiece itself, so that the outer wall of the workpiece and the conical groove 21, and the inner wall of the workpiece and the contact surface of the pressure block 3 can achieve uniform contact over the entire area, which greatly improves the initial positioning accuracy and overall support rigidity of the tooling.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a conical shell workpiece clamping fixture according to this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Fixture fixing and initial workpiece placement The base 1 is securely installed onto the machine tool workbench through the connecting hole 11 and fastening bolts. Then, the conical shell 5 is placed with the cut surface facing upwards in the clamping area formed by the conical grooves 21 of multiple support blocks 2, so that the outer conical surface of the conical shell 5 naturally rests against each conical groove 21.

[0047] S2: Fine-tuning and preliminary positioning of the workpiece posture Using a tool inserted through the clearance window 22 at the bottom of the support block 2, the adjusting bolts 4 on each support block 2 are rotated in sequence. By symmetrically and precisely adjusting the adjusting bolts 4 located on both sides of the axis of the conical groove 21, the local height and torsion angle around the axis of the conical shell 5 are finely adjusted. The goal of this step is to ensure that the cross-section of the workpiece finally reaches the ideal horizontal machining posture and completes the precise initial positioning.

[0048] S3: Install internal pressure block 3 Each pressure block 3 is placed into the inner side of the conical shell 5 one by one, and the conical contact surface 31 at its bottom contacts the inner wall of the conical shell 5. The vertical planes 32 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure block 3 effectively reduce its own weight, facilitate installation and operation, and provide clearance for subsequent processing.

[0049] S4: Install and tighten the clamping assembly Based on the specific location of the feature to be machined on the conical shell 5, select the side of the support block 2 that will not interfere with the tool for the clamping operation. Place the pad 43 on one side of the selected support block 2, then place one end of the pressure plate 41 on the pad 43 and the other end on the top surface of the corresponding pressure block 3, so that the oblong hole on the pressure plate 41 is aligned with the threaded hole 23 on the top surface of the support block 2. Insert the clamping bolt 42 and screw it in initially. Using the adjustment margin provided by the oblong hole, the position of the pressure plate 41 can be finely adjusted to ensure that it stably presses the pressure block 3.

[0050] S5: Final Compressing and Processing Tighten all the clamping bolts 42 in sequence. The clamping force is converted into a downward force through the pressure plate 41 with the pad 43 as the fulcrum and acts on the pressure block 3. The pressure block 3 then presses the inner wall of the conical shell 5 evenly against the conical groove 21 of the support block 2, thereby forming a balanced clamping force system distributed from the inside of the workpiece outward and in multiple points, firmly clamping the workpiece. After confirming that the conical shell 5 is completely and stably clamped, the machine tool can be started to perform milling, drilling and other processing operations on the cross-section of the workpiece.

[0051] S6: Processing completed and workpiece removed After processing, loosen all the clamping bolts 42 in reverse order, remove the pressure plate 41, pad 43 and pressure block 3, and finally remove the processed conical shell 5 from the tooling.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece, characterized in that, Includes a base (1), on which a plurality of support blocks (2) are arranged; The top of the support block (2) is provided with a conical groove (21) that is adapted to the shape of the outer wall of the workpiece. The conical grooves (21) of all the support blocks (2) are connected in sequence to form a clamping area for accommodating the workpiece. Each of the conical grooves (21) is provided with a pressure block (3), and the bottom surface of the pressure block (3) is provided with a conical contact surface (31) that fits against the inner wall of the workpiece. Each of the support blocks (2) is provided with a clamping component, which is located on one side of the conical groove (21) and clamps the pressure block (3) against the inner wall of the workpiece.

2. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is provided with several connecting holes (11), and fastening bolts are provided in the connecting holes (11).

3. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes a pressure plate (41), a clamping bolt (42), and a pad (43). The pad (43) is disposed on one side of the top surface of the support block (2). One end of the pressure plate (41) rests on the pad (43), and the other end rests on the top surface of the pressure block (3). The pressure plate (41) is provided with a through hole (411) for installing the clamping bolt (42). The top surface of the support block (2) is provided with a threaded hole (23) that is compatible with the clamping bolt (42).

4. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the support blocks (2) is provided with two threaded holes (23), which are located on both sides of the tapered groove (21).

5. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that, The through hole (411) is an oblong hole, and the long axis of the oblong hole is set along the length direction of the pressure plate (41).

6. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the support blocks (2) is provided with a clearance window (22) at the bottom. The top of the clearance window (22) is provided with an adjustment screw hole (24) that connects to the conical groove (21). An adjustment bolt (4) is provided in the adjustment screw hole (24).

7. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that, The avoidance window (22) is set as a rectangle, and the corners of the avoidance window (22) are all provided with rounded chamfers.

8. The clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axis of the adjusting screw hole (24) is set along the normal of the tapered groove (21).

9. A clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the clearance windows (22) has two adjustment screw holes (24) at its top. The two adjustment screw holes (24) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axis of the tapered groove (21). Each adjustment screw hole (24) is equipped with an adjustment bolt (4).

10. A clamping fixture for a conical shell workpiece according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The pressure block (3) has vertical planes (32) symmetrically arranged on both sides.

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