A shot blasting machine for polishing castings

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of shot blasting machine, and one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a shot blasting machine for polishing castings, which comprises a shell and a shot blasting machine head, the shot blasting machine head is arranged at the top of the shell, a collection and cleaning assembly is arranged in the bottom of the shell, an isolation rolling assembly is arranged in the shell, the isolation rolling assembly comprises a shot feeding pipeline, the shot feeding pipeline is horizontally fixed at one side of the inside of the shell, a protective shot feeding box is arranged at one end of the shot feeding pipeline, the protective shot feeding box is located outside the shell, a pushing auger is arranged in the shot feeding pipeline, and a plurality of shot feeding openings are arranged at the lower end of the outer surface of the shot feeding pipeline. Through the above technical scheme, the technical problem that the existing shot blasting machine generally uses high-hardness shot (such as steel shot and cast iron shot) to directly contact the surface of a workpiece, and the weak parts such as edges and thin walls of the castings have poor impact resistance and are prone to collapse, deformation or micro-cracks under high-speed impact is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to the technical field of shot blasting machines, and more specifically, to a shot blasting machine for grinding castings. Background Technology

[0002] In the casting manufacturing industry, shot blasting is a crucial surface treatment process after casting is formed. It involves using high-speed shot to remove oxide scale, burrs, and casting residue from the casting surface, while simultaneously increasing surface hardness to lay the foundation for subsequent painting, assembly, or precision machining. The action mode and protective performance of the shot used in shot blasting directly determine the surface quality and structural integrity of the casting. As castings become more complex, thinner-walled, and more precise, the shortcomings of traditional shot blasting machines are becoming increasingly apparent: existing shot blasting machines generally use high-hardness shot (such as steel shot and cast iron shot) to directly contact the workpiece surface. Under high-speed impact, weak areas such as edges and thin walls of the casting have poor impact resistance, easily leading to chipping, deformation, or micro-cracks, resulting in a higher scrap rate. This is especially problematic for precision castings (such as mechanical parts and instrument housings), where their applicability is extremely low. Therefore, a processing method using low-hardness shot combined with protection of weak areas is needed to address this issue.

[0003] Traditional shot blasting machines lack layered or zoned shot systems, only capable of blasting high-hardness shot at a time. While high-hardness shot effectively cleans impurities from casting surfaces during grinding, the concentrated impact at edges and corners can easily damage the original contour precision of the casting. To reduce damage, some companies reduce shot blasting speed or shorten grinding time, resulting in incomplete surface cleaning. Residual oxide scale and burrs can affect the quality of subsequent processes. Repairing damaged casting edges and corners requires additional manual welding and grinding, extending production cycles and increasing costs. Furthermore, traditional shot blasting machines cannot adjust shot hardness and impact mode according to the structural strength of different parts of the casting. When dealing with irregularly shaped castings, damage to weaker areas is more pronounced, limiting the adaptability of shot blasting machines to various types of castings.

[0004] Therefore, the development of shot blasting machines for casting grinding that can lay low-hardness shot around the workpiece and then process it with high-hardness shot to protect weak parts has become an urgent need to improve the grinding quality of castings and the applicability of the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the embodiments of this disclosure provide a shot blasting machine for grinding castings, which solves the technical problem that existing shot blasting machines generally use high-hardness shot (such as steel shot or cast iron shot) to directly contact the workpiece surface. Under high-speed impact, the weak parts of the casting, such as edges and thin walls, have poor impact resistance and are prone to chipping, deformation or micro-cracks.

[0006] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a shot blasting machine for grinding castings, comprising: The housing and the shot blasting head, wherein the shot blasting head is disposed on the top of the housing; A collection and cleaning assembly is disposed in the bottom of the housing; An isolation rolling assembly is disposed within the housing; The isolation rolling assembly includes a shot inlet pipe, which is horizontally fixed inside one side of the outer shell. A protective shot inlet box is provided at one end of the shot inlet pipe, which is located outside the outer shell. A pusher auger is installed inside the shot inlet pipe, and several shot inlets are opened at the lower end of the outer surface of the shot inlet pipe.

[0007] As a further technical solution, a rotating roller is horizontally rotatably connected inside the outer shell, and a blocking layer is provided on both sides of the inner shell. The blocking layer is located above the rotating roller, and the distance between the side end face of the blocking layer and the surface of the rotating roller is slightly smaller than the size of the protective pellet.

[0008] As a further technical solution, a pusher plate is connected to the inside of the outer shell via a horizontal linear drive, and a workpiece discharge port is opened on one side of the outer shell. A flip cover is rotatably connected to the workpiece discharge port via a pin, and a control cylinder is rotatably connected between the outer surface of the flip cover and the side surface of the outer shell via a pin.

[0009] As a further technical solution, a receiving box is provided on the outer side of the outer shell. The receiving box is located at the bottom of the workpiece outlet. A front cover plate is rotatably connected to the surface of the outer shell via a pin. A switching cylinder is rotatably connected between the front cover plate and the outer wall of the outer shell via a pin.

[0010] According to another aspect, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the collection and cleaning assembly includes a collection cover disposed at the bottom of the housing, a return pipe disposed on the outside of the housing, the return pipe being connected to the collection cover, and an ejector auger disposed inside the collection cover, one end of the ejector auger extending into the return pipe.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the protective shot used is larger than that of normal shot blasting, wherein the size of normal shot blasting is smaller than the distance between the side end face of the barrier layer and the surface of the rotating roller.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the lower end face of the pusher plate is slidably attached to the blocking layer and the surface of the rotating roller, respectively.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the surface of the rotating roller adopts a frosted anti-slip structure.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the embodiments disclosed herein are as follows: In this disclosure, the isolation rolling assembly solves the problems of chipping and deformation in weak parts of castings in traditional shot blasting machines through its buffer protection and uniform grinding design. Protective shot is precisely conveyed by a pusher auger and rolls in tandem with the casting, forming a flexible buffer layer between the high-hardness shot and the casting. This disperses the impact force and prevents damage to sharp edges and thin-walled areas from direct stress. The abrasive surface of the rotating roller enhances friction, ensuring the casting rotates synchronously with the protective shot, achieving uniform grinding of all surfaces without any localized omissions. The blocking layer precisely intercepts the protective shot, preventing it from falling and continuously providing protection. The front cover plate works in conjunction with the switching cylinder to achieve rapid feeding, and the pusher plate, flip cover, and receiving box work together to automatically discharge the material. This eliminates the need for manual contact with high-temperature or high-speed rotating parts, improving operational safety and efficiency. This structure ensures thorough cleaning of surface impurities while maximizing the protection of the casting's structural integrity, making it suitable for precision and irregularly shaped casting processing and reducing scrap rates. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is an isometric drawing of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is an isometric sectional view of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is another isometric sectional view of this disclosure; In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Shot blasting machine head; 3. Isolation rolling assembly; 3-1. Shot inlet pipe; 3-2. Protective shot feeding box; 3-3. Pushing auger; 3-4. Shot inlet; 3-5. Rotating roller; 3-6. Barrier layer; 3-7. Pusher plate; 3-8. Workpiece outlet; 3-9. Flip cover; 3-10. Control cylinder; 3-11. Receiving box; 3-12. Front cover plate; 3-13. Switching cylinder; 4. Collection and cleaning assembly; 4-1. Collection cover; 4-2. Return pipe; 4-3. Pushing auger. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0018] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the disclosure; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0019] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0021] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0022] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, it illustrates a shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: The outer casing 1 and the shot blasting head 2, wherein the shot blasting head 2 is disposed on the top of the outer casing 1; A collection and cleaning component 4 is disposed in the bottom of the housing 1; An isolation rolling assembly 3 is disposed in the housing 1; The isolation rolling assembly 3 includes a shot inlet pipe 3-1, which is horizontally fixed to one side inside the outer shell 1. A protective shot inlet box 3-2 is located at one end of the shot inlet pipe 3-1, outside the outer shell 1. A pusher auger 3-3 is installed inside the shot inlet pipe 3-1. Several shot inlets 3-4 are opened at the lower end of the outer surface of the shot inlet pipe 3-1. A rotating roller 3-5 is horizontally rotatably connected inside the outer shell 1. A blocking layer 3-6 is provided on both sides inside the outer shell 1, located above the rotating roller 3-5. The side face of the blocking layer 3-6 is close to the surface of the rotating roller 3-5. The spacing is slightly smaller than the size of the protective pellets. Inside the outer shell 1, a pusher plate 3-7 is connected via a horizontal linear drive. A workpiece outlet 3-8 is provided on one side of the outer shell 1. A flip cover 3-9 is rotatably connected to the workpiece outlet 3-8 via a pin. A control cylinder 3-10 is rotatably connected between the outer surface of the flip cover 3-9 and the side surface of the outer shell 1 via a pin. A receiving box 3-11 is provided on the outer side of the outer shell 1. The receiving box 3-11 is located at the bottom of the workpiece outlet. A front cover plate 3-12 is rotatably connected to the surface of the outer shell 1 via a pin. A switching cylinder 3-13 is rotatably connected between the front cover plate 3-12 and the outer wall of the outer shell 1 via a pin.

[0024] In some examples, in order to achieve protection and uniform processing of castings during shot blasting and to avoid damage to the workpiece surface or uneven grinding during the shot blasting process, an isolation rolling assembly 3 is designed. This assembly includes a shot inlet pipe 3-1 that is horizontally fixed on one side inside the outer shell 1 to provide a conveying channel for protective shot. The protective shot inlet box 3-2 at one end is located outside the outer shell 1, which is convenient for operators to add protective shot. The push auger 3-3 installed inside the shot inlet pipe 3-1 can stably convey the protective shot in the inlet box to several shot inlets 3-4 at the lower end of the outer surface of the pipe through rotational power, so that the protective shot falls evenly into the inner shell 1 and mixes with the casting to form a buffer layer, reducing the scratches or dents caused by the direct impact of the steel shot thrown by the shot blasting head 2 on the surface of the casting. The horizontally rotating roller 3-5 inside the outer shell 1 provides rolling support for the workpiece and the protective shot. When the roller 3-5 rotates, it can drive the casting above and the protective shot to roll synchronously, so that all surfaces of the casting can contact the steel shot thrown out by the shot blasting head 2, avoiding incomplete grinding of the casting in certain areas. The blocking layers 3-6 on both sides inside the outer shell 1 are located above the roller 3-5. The distance between the side end face of the blocking layer and the surface of the roller 3-5 is slightly smaller than the size of the protective shot, which can prevent the protective shot from falling from the gaps on both sides of the roller 3-5, ensuring that the protective shot always rolls together with the workpiece and continuously plays a protective role.

[0025] Inside the outer shell 1, a horizontally linearly driven pusher plate 3-7 can push the workpiece towards the workpiece outlet 3-8 on one side of the outer shell 1 after grinding. The workpiece outlet 3-8 is controlled by a control cylinder 3-10 between the outer surface of the workpiece outlet 3-9 and the side surface of the outer shell 1 via a pivot rotating flip cover 3-9. After grinding, the control cylinder 3-10 extends to push the flip cover 3-9 open, and the pusher plate 3-7 pushes the workpiece into the receiving box 3-11. This eliminates the need for manual hand-picking, improving operational safety. The outer shell 1 is also controlled by a switch cylinder 3-13 via a pivot rotating front cover plate 3-12, which allows operators to quickly place the casting to be ground, shortening the loading time. The uniform conveying speed of the auger 3-3 ensures that the amount of protective shot added is controllable, avoiding the impact of too much or too little protective shot on the protective effect; the rotation speed of the rotating roller 3-5 is adjustable, and the rolling rhythm can be adjusted according to the size and material of the casting to meet the grinding needs of castings of different specifications; the rigid structure of the blocking layer 3-6 can prevent the protective shot from falling off without affecting the rotation of the rotating roller 3-5.

[0026] During operation, the switching cylinder 3-13 opens the front cover plate 3-12 to place the casting, the auger 3-3 pushes the protective shot, and the rotating roller 3-5 drives the workpiece and protective shot to roll. After the shot blasting head 2 grinds the workpiece, the pusher plate 3-7 and the flip cover 3-9 work together to complete the discharge. The protective shot provides buffer protection, and the rolling process achieves uniform grinding. All components work together to ensure the safe and efficient processing of the casting.

[0027] like Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, the collection and cleaning component 4 proposed in this embodiment includes a collection cover 4-1, which is disposed at the bottom of the outer shell 1. A return pipe 4-2 is disposed on the outer side of the outer shell 1, which is connected to the collection cover 4-1. An ejector auger 4-3 is disposed inside the collection cover 4-1, and one end of the ejector auger 4-3 extends into the interior of the return pipe 4-2.

[0028] In some examples, in order to achieve centralized recovery and discharge of steel shot and protective shot thrown out by shot blasting head 2, and to avoid shot scattering and accumulating inside the outer shell 1 and affecting subsequent grinding, a collection and cleaning component 4 is designed. This component includes a collection hood 4-1 at the bottom of the inner shell 1, which has a funnel-shaped structure and can cover the entire bottom area inside the outer shell 1. This ensures that the steel shot thrown out by shot blasting head 2, the used protective shot, and the casting debris generated during grinding can all fall into the collection hood 4-1 under gravity, avoiding dead corners in collection. The return pipe 4-2 on the outside of the outer shell 1 is connected to the collection hood 4-1 to form a shot blasting conveying channel. One end of the ejector auger 4-3 installed inside the collection hood 4-1 extends into the return pipe 4-2 to provide power for shot blasting conveying. After the shot falls into the collection hood 4-1, the screw conveyor 4-3 rotates to transport the shot (including steel shot and protective shot) and debris in the collection hood 4-1 to the return pipe 4-2, and then discharges it from the outer shell 1 through the return pipe 4-2, which facilitates the subsequent separation of steel shot and protective shot (such as through a screening device), realizes the reuse of steel shot and protective shot, and reduces the cost of consumables.

[0029] The spiral blade design of the auger 4-3 can prevent shot blasting from clogging the collection hood 4-1, ensuring continuous and stable conveying process. It is especially suitable for conveying scenarios where steel shot and protective shot are mixed, preventing pipe blockage due to particle accumulation.

[0030] The funnel-shaped structure of the collection hood 4-1 utilizes gravity to accelerate the shot blasting towards the pushing auger 3-3, improving collection efficiency. The inclined angle design of the return pipe 4-2 can assist the shot blasting flow and reduce the conveying load of the pushing auger 4-3.

[0031] During operation, shot and debris fall into the collection hood 4-1, and are conveyed to the return pipe 4-2 by the auger 3-3 for discharge. After separation by external equipment, the steel shot and protective shot are recovered. Comprehensive collection ensures no shot residue, stable conveying guarantees cleaning efficiency, and the coordinated operation of all components achieves efficient shot recovery and internal cleanliness of the outer shell 1, meeting the needs of continuous grinding and energy conservation in shot blasting machines.

[0032] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the protective shot used is larger than that of normal shot blasting, wherein the size of normal shot blasting is smaller than the distance between the side end face of the barrier layer 3-6 and the surface of the rotating roller 3-5.

[0033] In some examples, the design incorporates a protective shot size larger than the normal shot size, while the normal shot size is smaller than the distance between the blocking layer 3-6 and the rotating roller 3-5. This design enables efficient separation of the protective shot and the normal shot. During shot blasting, the protective shot, due to its larger size, is intercepted by the distance between the blocking layer 3-6 and the rotating roller 3-5, remaining on the surface of the rotating roller 3-5 and rolling together with the casting. This physical isolation prevents the normal shot from the shot blasting head 2 from directly impacting the vulnerable parts of the casting, thus providing a buffering and protective effect. Meanwhile, the normal shot that has completed grinding can pass through the distance and fall into the collection hood 4-1 below, preventing it from mixing and accumulating with the protective shot.

[0034] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the lower end face of the pusher plate 3-7 is slidably attached to the surfaces of the blocking layer 3-6 and the rotating roller 3-5, respectively.

[0035] In some examples, the structure in which the lower end face of the pusher plate 3-7 slides against the surface of the barrier layer 3-6 and the rotating roller 3-5 allows for the thorough cleaning and pushing of the workpiece and protective shot. After shot blasting, when the horizontal linear drive moves the pusher plate 3-7, the design of the contact surface can scrape off the protective shot remaining on the barrier layer 3-6 and the casting debris attached to the surface of the rotating roller 3-5, preventing impurities from accumulating and affecting subsequent shot blasting operations.

[0036] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the rotating roller 3-5 has a frosted anti-slip structure.

[0037] In some examples, the frosted, anti-slip surface of the rotating roller 3-5 enhances friction with the casting and protective shot, optimizing the rolling polishing effect. The anti-slip structure prevents the casting from slipping or shifting due to its smooth surface when the rotating roller 3-5 rolls, ensuring that all parts of the casting can fully contact the normal shot blasting process, achieving uniform polishing.

[0038] In actual use: Start the switch cylinder 3-13 to open the front cover plate 3-12 on the surface of the outer casing 1. Place the casting to be ground onto the rotating roller 3-5 inside the outer casing 1, and close the front cover plate 3-12. Add protective shot from the protective shot inlet box 3-2. Start the pusher auger 3-3 in the shot inlet pipe 3-1 to evenly convey the protective shot through the lower shot inlet 3-4 to the area above the rotating roller 3-5, where it mixes with the casting. Start the rotating roller 3-5; its frosted, non-slip surface causes the casting and protective shot to roll synchronously. The blocking layers 3-6 on both sides inside the outer casing 1, with a spacing slightly smaller than the size of the protective shot, prevent the protective shot from falling off the sides of the rotating roller 3-5. Start the shot blasting head 2 at the top to throw out high-hardness shot to grind the casting. The protective shot forms a buffer around the casting, preventing the shot from directly impacting weak parts of the casting. After grinding, the control cylinder 3-10 drives the flip cover 3-9 of the workpiece discharge port 3-8 to open. The horizontal linear drive drives the pusher plate 3-7 (whose lower end is attached to the surface of the blocking layer 3-6 and the rotating roller 3-5) to push the casting towards the discharge port, and finally it falls into the outer receiving box 3-11. At the same time, the collection hood 4-1 at the bottom of the outer shell 1 collects steel shot, protective shot and debris. The ejector auger 4-3 inside the collection hood 4-1 transports them to the return pipe 4-2 and discharges them out of the outer shell 1 for subsequent separation and recycling.

[0039] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this disclosure, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings, characterized in that, include: The outer casing (1) and the shot blasting head (2), wherein the shot blasting head (2) is disposed on the top of the outer casing (1); A collection and cleaning component (4) is disposed in the bottom of the housing (1); An isolation rolling assembly (3) is disposed in the housing (1); The isolation rolling assembly (3) includes a shot inlet pipe (3-1), which is horizontally fixed inside the outer shell (1) on one side. A protective shot inlet box (3-2) is provided at one end of the shot inlet pipe (3-1), which is located outside the outer shell (1). A pusher auger (3-3) is installed inside the shot inlet pipe (3-1), and several shot inlets (3-4) are opened at the lower end of the outer surface of the shot inlet pipe (3-1).

2. The shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is horizontally rotatably connected to a rotating roller (3-5). A blocking layer (3-6) is provided on both sides of the inner shell (1). The blocking layer (3-6) is located above the rotating roller (3-5). The distance between the side end face of the blocking layer (3-6) and the surface of the rotating roller (3-5) is slightly smaller than the size of the protective pellet.

3. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, Inside the outer shell (1), a pusher plate (3-7) is connected by a horizontal linear drive. A workpiece discharge port (3-8) is opened on one side of the outer shell (1). A flip cover (3-9) is rotatably connected to the workpiece discharge port (3-8) by a pin. A control cylinder (3-10) is rotatably connected between the outer surface of the flip cover (3-9) and the side surface of the outer shell (1) by a pin.

4. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 3, characterized in that, A receiving box (3-11) is provided on the outside of the outer shell (1). The receiving box (3-11) is located at the bottom of the workpiece outlet. A front cover plate (3-12) is rotatably connected to the surface of the outer shell (1) by a pin. A switching cylinder (3-13) is rotatably connected between the front cover plate (3-12) and the outer wall of the outer shell (1) by a pin.

5. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection and cleaning assembly (4) includes a collection cover (4-1), which is located at the bottom of the outer shell (1). A return pipe (4-2) is provided on the outside of the outer shell (1), and the return pipe (4-2) is connected to the collection cover (4-1). A push-out auger (4-3) is provided inside the collection cover (4-1), and one end of the push-out auger (4-3) extends into the return pipe (4-2).

6. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective shot used is larger than that of normal shot blasting, wherein the size of normal shot blasting is smaller than the distance between the side end face of the barrier layer (3-6) and the surface of the rotating roller (3-5).

7. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end face of the pusher plate (3-7) is slidably attached to the surface of the blocking layer (3-6) and the rotating roller (3-5).

8. A shot blasting machine for grinding castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface of the rotating roller (3-5) has a frosted, anti-slip structure.

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