An interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle compartment that facilitates cleaning
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522313802.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-31
AI Technical Summary
[0003]本实用新型的目的在于提供一种便于清洁的货物运输车厢内部结构,以解决上述背景技术中提出的现有车厢为保清洁采用平整底板,但无辅助省力装置,人工搬运大物需拖拽抬运,一是摩擦阻力大,难推至车厢内侧,效率低,二是易刮擦底板形成划痕死角,污渍堆积,违背便于清洁初衷的问题
本实用新型通过在该货物运输车厢的内部增加有新型的大物辅助装箱装置,该装置无需借助额外起重设备,仅需将货物置于矩形金属装箱板上,插入U型推拉扶手后向车头方向推动,即可轻松完成货物向车厢最内侧(靠近车头端)的转移,彻底避免人工抬运、撬动货物的繁重操作,显著降低作业人员劳动强度,尤其适合单人或小团队作业场景,装置通过矩形金属装箱板与可拆卸底板内部的滚珠孔,内置可任意方向转动的金属位移滚珠,且滚珠底端五分之一身位接触内箱底板,该结构将货物与车厢底板的滑动摩擦转化为滚珠的滚动摩擦,大幅减小货物转移阻力,推动过程更省力,同时,滚珠与滚珠孔内壁光滑无毛刺,可避免转移时因卡顿导致货物偏移或磕碰,确保货物沿目标方向(车头端)高效、平稳推入车厢最内侧;
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Figure CN224856811U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of cargo transportation equipment, specifically relating to an easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transportation compartment. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of freight transportation, the practicality and ease of cleaning of the interior structure of the carriage directly affect transportation efficiency and the hygiene and safety of goods. Especially for goods such as food, electronic components, and precision instruments that require a clean transportation environment, "ease of cleaning" has become one of the core requirements of carriage design. The interior structure of a freight transport carriage that is easy to clean is usually based on a regular splicing of plates as the main frame (such as the bottom plate, top plate, left and right side plates). By reducing internal protrusions, gaps and complex dead corners, and using smooth and easy-to-wipe materials, it is possible to quickly clean residual stains and debris from goods, while taking into account the overall load-bearing strength of the carriage to meet the transportation needs of different types of goods. Furthermore, existing wagons, in order to ensure cleanliness, are mostly designed with a flat and smooth floor structure. However, this structure lacks auxiliary labor-saving devices. When manually handling large items, it is necessary to drag or lift them directly on the floor. On the one hand, the sliding friction resistance is high, making it difficult for a single person or a small team to push large items to the innermost part of the wagon (near the front end), resulting in extremely low loading efficiency. On the other hand, during the dragging process, the goods are easily scratched on the surface of the floor, damaging the smoothness of the floor and creating scratches and dead corners. During subsequent cleaning, stains are easily accumulated in the scratches, which violates the original design intention of "easy to clean". Although some wagons are equipped with auxiliary structures such as fixed guide rails and roller racks to improve the convenience of loading large items, these structures are mostly welded and fixed inside the wagon, with many splicing gaps, protrusions or grooves. Cargo residue and liquid stains are easily stuck in the gaps of the guide rails or the grooves of the rollers. During cleaning, the device must be disassembled to clean thoroughly, which is cumbersome and reduces cleaning efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an easy-to-clean interior structure for cargo transport compartments, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, where existing compartments use flat bottom plates to ensure cleanliness, but lack auxiliary labor-saving devices. When manually handling large items, they need to be dragged and lifted, which results in two problems: firstly, the frictional resistance is high, making it difficult to push them to the inside of the compartment, resulting in low efficiency; secondly, the bottom plate is easily scratched, forming scratches and dead corners, causing dirt to accumulate, which defeats the original purpose of easy cleaning.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an easy-to-clean cargo transport compartment internal structure, including an inner compartment bottom plate and an inner compartment top plate symmetrically arranged above the inner compartment bottom plate. An inner compartment left side plate is connected between the left end of the inner compartment bottom plate and the inner compartment top plate, and an inner compartment right side plate is connected between the right end of the inner compartment bottom plate and the inner compartment top plate. Multiple reinforcing ribs are welded at equal intervals to the outer walls of the inner compartment left side plate, inner compartment bottom plate, inner compartment top plate, and inner compartment right side plate. A large item auxiliary packing device is provided on the inner compartment bottom plate.
[0005] Preferably, the large item auxiliary packing device includes a rectangular metal packing plate and a detachable base plate. The bottom end of the rectangular metal packing plate is provided with a detachable base plate, and the detachable base plate and the rectangular metal packing plate are fixedly connected by multiple embedded screws. The lateral length of the rectangular metal packing plate is less than the distance between the left side panel and the right side panel of the inner box. The corners of the rectangular metal packing plate and the detachable base plate are all treated with arc surface passivation.
[0006] Preferably, the large item auxiliary packing device further includes metal displacement balls and ball holes. The rectangular metal packing plate and the detachable base plate are equidistantly connected with multiple ball holes. Each of the multiple ball holes is provided with a metal displacement ball. The outer wall of the metal displacement ball and the inner wall of the ball hole are smooth and burr-free, and the metal displacement ball can rotate in any direction inside the ball hole.
[0007] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the ball bearing hole is four-fifths of a circle, and the bottom end of the ball bearing hole is open. One-fifth of the bottom end of the metal displacement ball passes through the bottom opening of the ball bearing hole, and the large item auxiliary packing device is placed on the bottom plate of the inner box by multiple metal displacement balls.
[0008] Preferably, the large item auxiliary packing device further includes a handrail fixing block, handrail disassembly and assembly holes, and a U-shaped push-pull handrail. The handrail fixing block is welded to the center of the outer wall of the front end of the rectangular metal packing plate. The handrail fixing block has handrail disassembly and assembly holes on both the left and right sides of the center of the handrail fixing block. A U-shaped push-pull handrail is inserted into the two handrail disassembly and assembly holes.
[0009] Preferably, the bottom ends of the U-shaped push-pull handrail can be directly pulled upward from the two handrail disassembly and assembly holes. The left and right corners at the top of the U-shaped push-pull handrail are both treated with arc surfaces, and multiple reinforcing rods are equidistantly arranged inside the U-shape of the U-shaped push-pull handrail from top to bottom.
[0010] Preferably, inner box plate fixing angle steels are provided at the external joints of the inner box bottom plate and the inner box left side plate, the inner box bottom plate and the inner box right side plate, the inner box top plate and the inner box left side plate, and the inner box top plate and the inner box right side plate. The inner box plate fixing angle steels are fixedly connected to the inner box left side plate, the inner box bottom plate, the inner box top plate, and the inner box right side plate by welding.
[0011] Preferably, the rear ends of the four inner box panel fixing angle steels are all welded to each other with tail reinforcing metal strips, and the four tail reinforcing metal strips are respectively fixedly connected to the left side panel, bottom panel, top panel and right side panel of the inner box by welding.
[0012] Preferably, the inner box front end sealing plate is provided in the inner box front end area of the four inner box plate fixing angle steels. The inner box front end sealing plate is fixedly connected to the inner box plate fixing angle steel, the inner box left side plate, the inner box bottom plate, the inner box top plate and the inner box right side plate by welding.
[0013] Preferably, the front ends of the four inner box panels fixing angle steels are all welded to each other with a head reinforcing metal strip, and the inner box head sealing plate is also located between the front ends of the four head reinforcing metal strips. The four head reinforcing metal strips are respectively fixedly connected to the inner box left side panel, inner box bottom panel, inner box top panel, inner box right side panel and inner box head sealing plate by welding.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides an easy-to-clean interior structure for cargo transport vehicles, which has the following advantages: This invention adds a novel large-item auxiliary loading device inside the cargo transport compartment. This device eliminates the need for additional lifting equipment; simply place the goods on a rectangular metal loading plate, insert a U-shaped push-pull handle, and push it towards the front of the vehicle to easily transfer the goods to the innermost part of the compartment (near the front end). This completely avoids the arduous manual lifting and prying of goods, significantly reducing the labor intensity of operators. It is especially suitable for single-person or small team operations. The device uses ball bearing holes inside the rectangular metal loading plate and the detachable bottom plate to house metal displacement balls that can rotate in any direction. The bottom one-fifth of the ball bearing contacts the inner bottom plate. This structure transforms the sliding friction between the goods and the compartment bottom plate into the rolling friction of the ball bearing, greatly reducing the resistance to goods transfer and making the pushing process more effortless. At the same time, the smooth and burr-free inner walls of the ball bearing and the ball bearing holes prevent goods from shifting or bumping due to jamming during transfer, ensuring that the goods are pushed into the innermost part of the compartment efficiently and smoothly along the target direction (front end). Furthermore, the device's detachable base plate is fixed to the rectangular metal packing plate with embedded screws, facilitating later disassembly, maintenance, or component replacement. The U-shaped push-pull handrail adopts a plug-in design; it can be inserted into the handrail disassembly and assembly holes when in use, and can be directly pulled out for storage when not in use, without occupying extra space in the carriage. At the same time, the device is made entirely of metal and has a simple structure with no complex gaps or dead corners. Cleaning only requires wiping the surface or rinsing, which meets the core requirement of easy cleaning of the carriage and reduces the contamination of the device or carriage by residual dirt from goods. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior structure of a cargo transport compartment that is easy to clean, according to the present invention.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior structure of a cargo transport compartment that is easy to clean, according to the present invention.
[0017] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the external three-dimensional structure of the large-item auxiliary packing device of this utility model.
[0018] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the large-item auxiliary packing device of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the large-item auxiliary packing device of this utility model.
[0020] In the diagram: 1. Left side panel of the inner box; 2. Large item auxiliary packing device; 3. Bottom panel of the inner box; 4. Top panel of the inner box; 5. Reinforcing metal strip at the rear; 6. Angle steel for fixing the inner box panel; 7. Reinforcing rib; 8. Right side panel of the inner box; 9. Reinforcing metal strip at the front; 10. Front sealing plate of the inner box; 11. Rectangular metal packing plate; 12. Detachable bottom plate; 13. Handrail fixing block; 14. Handrail disassembly and assembly insertion hole; 15. U-shaped push-pull handrail; 16. Metal displacement ball bearing; 17. Ball bearing hole. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0022] This utility model provides, for example Figure 1-5The illustration shows an easy-to-clean cargo transport compartment interior structure, including an inner compartment floor plate 3 and an inner compartment top plate 4 symmetrically arranged above the inner compartment floor plate 3. An inner compartment left side plate 1 connects the left ends of the inner compartment floor plate 3 and the inner compartment top plate 4, and an inner compartment right side plate 8 connects the right ends of the inner compartment floor plate 3 and the inner compartment top plate 4. The main body of the compartment adopts a regular frame structure of floor plate + top plate + left and right side plates, without complex protrusions or depressions, reducing cleaning dead angles. Subsequent cleaning only requires wiping or rinsing the flat surfaces, providing basic structural support for "easy cleaning". Multiple reinforcing ribs 7 are welded equidistantly to the outer walls of the inner compartment left side plate 1, inner compartment floor plate 3, inner compartment top plate 4, and inner compartment right side plate 8. This design of welding reinforcing ribs 7 to the outer walls does not occupy internal space or increase internal cleaning obstacles, while strengthening the compartment panels. The structural strength of the material prevents deformation of the side and bottom panels due to cargo compression, indirectly ensuring the flatness of the internal cleaning surface and facilitating the smooth movement of subsequent cleaning tools. Inner box panel fixing angle steel 6 is provided at the external connection points of the inner box bottom panel 3 and the inner box left side panel 1, the inner box bottom panel 3 and the inner box right side panel 8, the inner box top panel 4 and the inner box left side panel 1, and the inner box top panel 4 and the inner box right side panel 8. The inner box panel fixing angle steel 6 is fixedly connected to the inner box left side panel 1, inner box bottom panel 3, inner box top panel 4, and inner box right side panel 8 by welding. The connection method of using external fixing angle steel avoids the formation of welding gaps or protrusions inside the compartment, reducing the dead corners where cargo residue and stains accumulate. At the same time, the sealing of the welding fixation can prevent liquid stains from seeping in from the panel seams, reducing the difficulty of cleaning.
[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the rear ends of the four inner box panel fixing angle steels 6 are all welded to each other with tail reinforcing metal strips 5. The four tail reinforcing metal strips 5 are also welded to the inner box left side panel 1, inner box bottom panel 3, inner box top panel 4, and inner box right side panel 8, respectively. An inner box head sealing plate 10 is provided in the inner area of the front end of the four inner box panel fixing angle steels 6. The inner box head sealing plate 10 is welded to the inner box panel fixing angle steels 6, inner box left side panel 1, inner box bottom panel 3, inner box top panel 4, and inner box right side panel 8, respectively. The tail reinforcing metal strips 5 and the head sealing plate are welded externally or at the edges, without compromising the flatness of the interior of the carriage. The sealing plate can also close the front end of the carriage, preventing cargo debris from falling out from the front. The gaps allow for less cleaning, and the welded structure is seamless, preventing stains from easily remaining during cleaning. The front ends of the four inner box panels' fixing angle steel 6 are all welded together with head-reinforcing metal strips 9. The inner box's head-sealing plate 10 is also located between the front ends of the four head-reinforcing metal strips 9. The four head-reinforcing metal strips 9 are welded to the inner box's left side panel 1, bottom panel 3, top panel 4, right side panel 8, and head-sealing plate 10, respectively. This double fixing of the head-reinforcing metal strips 9 and the sealing plate enhances the stability of the front structure of the carriage and creates a complete, flat, closed surface without any uneven corners. Cleaning only requires wiping the surface of the sealing plate, making the operation convenient.
[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a large item auxiliary packing device 2 is provided on the inner box bottom plate 3. The large item auxiliary packing device 2 includes a rectangular metal packing plate 11 and a detachable bottom plate 12. The detachable bottom plate 12 is provided at the bottom end of the rectangular metal packing plate 11, and the detachable bottom plate 12 is fixedly connected to the rectangular metal packing plate 11 by multiple embedded screws. The embedded screw design avoids the screw heads protruding, preventing the cargo residue from getting stuck in the screw gaps. At the same time, the detachable structure facilitates the disassembly of the device later, allowing for deep cleaning of the contact surfaces between the rectangular metal packing plate 11 and the detachable bottom plate 12, preventing the two plates from separating after long-term use. To prevent the accumulation of stains, the lateral length of the rectangular metal packing plate 11 is less than the distance between the left side panel 1 and the right side panel 8 of the inner box. This size design leaves a gap between the device and the side panel of the carriage, which does not affect the transfer of goods and facilitates the cleaning of scattered stains in the gap. It avoids the stains being impossible to clean because the device is close to the side panel. The corners of the rectangular metal packing plate 11 and the detachable bottom plate 12 are all rounded and blunted. The rounded design has no sharp edges and corners. On the one hand, it prevents scratches to operators or goods. On the other hand, it avoids the formation of right-angle dead corners at the corners. When cleaning, the cloth can be directly attached to the rounded surface to wipe without leaving any stains.
[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the large goods auxiliary packing device 2 also includes metal displacement balls 16 and ball holes 17. Multiple ball holes 17 are equidistantly connected inside the rectangular metal packing plate 11 and the detachable base plate 12. Each ball hole 17 contains a metal displacement ball 16. The balls are embedded inside the plate and do not protrude outwards, reducing the area for stain adhesion. Furthermore, the smooth surface of the metal material prevents stains from easily adhering, requiring only simple wiping for cleaning. Both the outer wall of the metal displacement ball 16 and the inner wall of the ball hole 17 are smooth and burr-free, and the metal displacement ball 16 can rotate in any direction within the ball hole 17. The smooth surface reduces frictional resistance during cargo transfer. To make pushing easier and avoid burrs catching cargo residue, reducing cleaning burden, the ball bearing hole 17 has a cross-sectional shape of four-fifths of a circle, and the bottom of the ball bearing hole 17 is open. One-fifth of the bottom of the metal displacement ball 16 passes through the bottom opening of the ball bearing hole 17. The large cargo auxiliary packing device 2 places multiple metal displacement balls 16 on the inner box bottom plate 3. The four-fifths circular ball bearing hole 17 can limit the ball from falling off. At the same time, the opening design allows only a small number of balls to contact the inner box bottom plate 3, reducing the friction area between the balls and the bottom plate and reducing the probability of dirt accumulation at the contact point. During cleaning, only the surface of the ball needs to be cleaned, without disassembling the ball bearing structure.
[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the large cargo auxiliary packing device 2 also includes a handrail fixing block 13, handrail removal and installation holes 14, and a U-shaped push-pull handrail 15. A handrail fixing block 13 is welded to the center of the outer wall of the front end of the rectangular metal packing plate 11. The handrail fixing block 13 is welded to the outer wall of the front end of the device, without occupying the top surface space of the device, thus avoiding interference with cargo placement. At the same time, the fixing block has a flat surface, no complex structure, and is easy to clean. Handrail removal and installation holes 14 are provided on both the left and right sides of the center of the handrail fixing block 13. A U-shaped push-pull handrail 15 is inserted into the two handrail removal and installation holes 14. The bottom ends of the U-shaped push-pull handrail 15 can be directly inserted from the two handrail removal and installation holes 14. Pulling upwards from the center, the plug-in design facilitates the removal of the handrail. When not in use, the handrail can be pulled out and stored, saving space in the carriage and allowing for easy cleaning of the handrail sockets, preventing the accumulation of dust or debris. The top left and right corners of the U-shaped push-pull handrail 15 are all rounded, with no sharp edges, allowing for direct wiping during cleaning without any blind spots. Furthermore, the U-shaped push-pull handrail 15 has multiple reinforcing rods evenly spaced from top to bottom inside the U-shape. These reinforcing rods enhance the handrail's load-bearing capacity and prevent deformation when pushing heavy objects. At the same time, the connection between the reinforcing rods and the handrail is simple and seamless, eliminating the need for additional cleaning of crevices.
[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An easy-to-clean cargo transport compartment interior structure, comprising an inner compartment bottom plate (3) and an inner compartment top plate (4) symmetrically arranged above the inner compartment bottom plate (3), wherein an inner compartment left side plate (1) is connected between the left end of the inner compartment bottom plate (3) and the inner compartment top plate (4), and an inner compartment right side plate (8) is connected between the right end of the inner compartment bottom plate (3) and the inner compartment top plate (4), wherein multiple reinforcing ribs (7) are welded at equal intervals to the outer walls of the inner compartment left side plate (1), inner compartment bottom plate (3), inner compartment top plate (4) and inner compartment right side plate (8), characterized in that: The inner box bottom plate (3) is equipped with a large item auxiliary packing device (2); The large item auxiliary packing device (2) includes a rectangular metal packing plate (11) and a detachable base plate (12). The rectangular metal packing plate (11) is provided with a detachable base plate (12) at its bottom end. The detachable base plate (12) and the rectangular metal packing plate (11) are fixedly connected by multiple embedded screws. The horizontal length of the rectangular metal packing plate (11) is less than the distance between the left side plate (1) and the right side plate (8) of the inner box. The corners of the rectangular metal packing plate (11) and the detachable base plate (12) are all treated with arc surface passivation.
2. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large-item auxiliary packing device (2) also includes metal displacement balls (16) and ball holes (17). The rectangular metal packing plate (11) and the detachable base plate (12) are equidistantly connected with multiple ball holes (17). Each of the multiple ball holes (17) is provided with a metal displacement ball (16). The outer wall of the metal displacement ball (16) and the inner wall of the ball hole (17) are smooth and burr-free. The metal displacement ball (16) can rotate in any direction inside the ball hole (17).
3. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the ball hole (17) is four-fifths of a circle, and the bottom of the ball hole (17) is open. One-fifth of the bottom of the metal displacement ball (16) passes through the bottom opening of the ball hole (17), and the large item auxiliary packing device (2) is placed on the inner box bottom plate (3) by multiple metal displacement balls (16).
4. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The large-item auxiliary packing device (2) also includes a handrail fixing block (13), a handrail disassembly and assembly insertion hole (14), and a U-shaped push-pull handrail (15). The handrail fixing block (13) is welded to the center of the outer wall of the front end of the rectangular metal packing plate (11). The handrail disassembly and assembly insertion holes (14) are provided on both the left and right sides of the center of the handrail fixing block (13). A U-shaped push-pull handrail (15) is inserted into the two handrail disassembly and assembly insertion holes (14).
5. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the U-shaped push-pull handrail (15) can be pulled upward directly from the two handrail disassembly and assembly holes (14). The corners at the top left and right ends of the U-shaped push-pull handrail (15) are all treated with arc surfaces. In addition, multiple reinforcing rods are equidistantly arranged inside the U-shaped push-pull handrail (15) from top to bottom.
6. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Angle steel (6) for fixing the inner box is provided at the external connection between the bottom plate (3) and the left side plate (1), the external connection between the bottom plate (3) and the right side plate (8), the external connection between the top plate (4) and the left side plate (1), and the external connection between the top plate (4) and the right side plate (8). The angle steel (6) for fixing the inner box is fixedly connected to the left side plate (1), the bottom plate (3), the top plate (4), and the right side plate (8) by welding.
7. The interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The four inner box plate fixing angle steels (6) are all welded to each other with tail reinforcement metal strips (5), and the four tail reinforcement metal strips (5) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner box left side plate (1), inner box bottom plate (3), inner box top plate (4) and inner box right side plate (8) by welding.
8. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner box head sealing plate (10) is provided in the inner box head sealing plate (10) in the inner box head sealing plate (6) at the front end of the four inner box plate fixing angle steels (6). The inner box head sealing plate (10) is fixedly connected to the inner box plate fixing angle steel (6), the inner box left side plate (1), the inner box bottom plate (3), the inner box top plate (4) and the inner box right side plate (8) by welding respectively.
9. The easy-to-clean interior structure of a cargo transport vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The front ends of the four inner box plate fixing angle steels (6) are all welded to each other with head reinforcement metal strips (9), and the inner box head sealing plate (10) is also located between the front ends of the four head reinforcement metal strips (9). The four head reinforcement metal strips (9) are all fixedly connected to the inner box left side plate (1), inner box bottom plate (3), inner box top plate (4), inner box right side plate (8) and inner box head sealing plate (10) by welding respectively.