Solar energy organic fertilizer preparation and planting device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of solar organic fertilizer preparation and planting device, it is related to agricultural technology field, including transparent cup body, its inner cavity constitutes organic fertilizer preparation space, for receiving the mixture of kitchen garbage and EM strain;Transparent cup body side wall is from outside to inside in turn: air heat insulation layer, temperature change coating, light color light reflection layer;Temperature change coating presents black heat-absorbing state when temperature is lower than limit temperature, and it is changed into transparent state when temperature rises to certain degree;Transparent cup body top is sealingly connected with sealing cover;Transparent cup body bottom is provided with filter screen;Filter screen below is provided with liquid storage tank, for collecting percolate.The utility model is by temperature change coating automatic adjustment solar energy absorption and reflection, air heat insulation layer constant temperature insulation, closed integrated structure, realize under the condition of limited temperature kitchen garbage is efficiently converted into odorless organic fertilizer, and simultaneously complete plant planting, to build family green miniature ecological system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a home-type environmental protection device that uses solar energy and microbial technology to convert kitchen waste into organic fertilizer in situ and simultaneously complete plant planting. Specifically, it is a solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device. Background Technology

[0002] Kitchen waste accounts for more than 50% of urban solid waste, and traditional treatment methods mainly include landfill, incineration, centralized composting, and small household compost bins.

[0003] Landfilling: Occupies land, generates leachate and greenhouse gases, and causes secondary pollution.

[0004] Incineration: requires an external heat source, consumes a lot of energy, and emits harmful substances such as dioxins.

[0005] Centralized composting requires dedicated sites and large equipment, involves long transportation distances and cycles (more than 30 days), and produces odors.

[0006] Household compost bins: mostly made of opaque plastic containers, rely on room temperature for fermentation, the temperature is uncontrollable, the fermentation success rate is low, they easily emit foul odors, and cannot be used for simultaneous plant planting.

[0007] 2. Deficiencies in existing technologies

[0008] a) Uncontrollable temperature: Existing household devices lack temperature control methods, and fluctuations in ambient temperature lead to unstable microbial activity, low decomposition efficiency, and high fermentation failure rate.

[0009] b) Energy waste: Without insulation, heat is lost quickly, requiring additional energy to maintain the fermentation temperature.

[0010] c) Insufficient utilization of solar energy: Existing devices are mostly opaque or monochrome shells, which cannot automatically adjust the absorption / release of heat according to the temperature, resulting in slow heating and making it impossible to breed or plant in advance.

[0011] d) Odor leakage: Poor sealing allows malodorous substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during the decomposition of kitchen waste to leak out, affecting the living environment.

[0012] e) Limited functionality: It cannot complete the closed loop of "waste degradation - fertilizer generation - plant planting" in the same device. Users need to transfer fertilizer and purchase planting containers separately, which is cumbersome.

[0013] The aforementioned shortcomings make it difficult for existing technologies to safely, efficiently, and odorlessly utilize kitchen waste and cultivate plants in limited spaces such as residential balconies and windowsills. Utility Model Content

[0014] To address the above problems, this utility model provides a solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device. Through a temperature-changing coating to automatically adjust solar energy absorption and reflection, an air insulation layer for constant temperature preservation, and a sealed integrated structure, it can efficiently convert kitchen waste into odorless organic fertilizer in a short period of time under constant temperature conditions, and simultaneously complete plant planting, thereby constructing a green micro-ecosystem for the home.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0016] A solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device includes: a transparent cup body, the inner cavity of which forms an organic fertilizer preparation space for receiving a mixture of kitchen waste and EM bacteria; the side wall of the transparent cup body, from the outside to the inside, consists of: an air insulation layer, a thermochromic coating, and a light-colored reflective layer; the air insulation layer is a closed cavity layer structure composed of two outer walls of the transparent cup; the thermochromic coating is black and heat-absorbing when the temperature is below the threshold temperature, such as 38°C, and turns transparent when the temperature reaches the threshold temperature; the light-colored reflective layer is a light-colored paint or a light-colored inner wall; a sealing cap is sealed to the top of the transparent cup body; a filter screen is installed at the bottom of the transparent cup body; and a liquid storage tank is installed below the filter screen for collecting leachate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: through the coordinated arrangement of transparent cup body, air insulation layer, temperature-changing coating, light-colored reflective layer, sealing cover, filter screen and liquid storage tank, selective heat absorption and reflection of sunlight are achieved, constant temperature fermentation at 38℃ is achieved, leachate is separated and collected in real time, there is no odor in the fermentation process, the fertilizer preparation cycle is shortened from the traditional 30 days to 15 days, the device can complete plant planting at the same time, forming a closed loop system of kitchen waste resource utilization and home greening.

[0018] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the limiting temperature is 30-38 degrees Celsius.

[0019] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the light-colored reflective layer is a white paint or a white inner wall.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the reflectivity of white paint or white inner wall is higher than that of other light colors. When the thermochromic coating reaches the limit temperature and becomes transparent, sunlight is reflected efficiently, preventing excessive temperature rise, ensuring constant temperature accuracy of ±1℃, extending the duration of EM strain activity peak, and further improving the fermentation success rate.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the transparent cup body is one of the following shapes: cylindrical, frustum conical, or triangular prism.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are as follows: various geometric shapes are suitable for different spaces such as balconies, windowsills, and indoor corners; cylindrical shapes have uniform stress and are easy to mass-produce; truncated cone shapes save height space; and triangular prism shapes can fit into wall corners, improve space utilization, and meet the diverse needs of family layouts.

[0023] As a further improvement to the above solution, the thickness of the air insulation layer is 1~5 mm.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the thickness range takes into account both thermal insulation performance and structural compactness, reduces heat loss by more than 30% compared with thermal insulation layers of less than 1 mm, and reduces material usage by 20% compared with layers of more than 5 mm, achieving the dual goals of lightweighting and efficient thermal insulation.

[0025] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the filter mesh pore size is 0.1~5 mm.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the 0.1 mm pore size can trap fine particles and prevent the leachate from becoming turbid; the 5 mm pore size ensures that the fermentation material is permeable to air and water and avoids clogging; this interval achieves rapid solid-liquid separation, and the COD of the leachate is reduced by 40%, which can be directly used for top dressing of plant roots.

[0027] As a further improvement to the above solution, the sealing cap is equipped with a sealing structure that matches the opening end of the transparent cup, so that the organic fertilizer preparation space forms a closed environment.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the sealed structure blocks the escape of malodors such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, the indoor ammonia concentration is less than 0.2 mg / m³, meeting the indoor air quality standards, while preventing the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria, and increasing the fermentation success rate to 100%.

[0029] As a further improvement to the above solution, the transparent cup body and the liquid storage tank are detachably connected.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the detachable design makes it easy to remove the liquid storage tank; the transparent cup body and the liquid storage tank can be connected by threaded connection or by side wall bolt connection to avoid residue blockage and extend the service life of the device; at the same time, it facilitates the rapid separation of solid fertilizer and leachate after fermentation, reducing operation time by 50%.

[0031] As a further improvement to the above solution, the bottom of the liquid storage tank is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with an openable sealing plug.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the combination of the discharge port and the sealing plug enables the leachate to be discharged without dripping, and the user can take the liquid without moving the whole device, making the operation convenient; the sealing plug prevents liquid evaporation and odor backflow, keeping the inside of the storage tank clean.

[0033] The overall beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0034] By automatically switching between heat absorption / reflection states with a temperature-changing coating, controlling the temperature with an air insulation layer, using a light-colored reflective layer for secondary temperature control, and employing an integrated sealed fermentation and planting structure, kitchen waste can be efficiently and odorlessly converted into organic fertilizer within 15 days. This reduces the time by 50% compared to traditional composting. The device is energy-self-sufficient and requires no external power source. It can also be used as a flowerpot, saving on additional container costs and forming a closed loop of "waste-fertilizer-plant." This significantly surpasses the shortcomings of existing household compost bins, such as limited functionality, long cycles, strong odors, and poor temperature control. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of this utility model.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Sealing cap; 2. Transparent cup body; 3. Air insulation layer; 4. Temperature-changing coating; 5. Light-colored reflective layer; 6. Filter screen; 7. Liquid storage tank; 8. Discharge port; 9. Sealing plug. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0039] I. Product Structure and Connections

[0040] refer to Figures 1 to 2 The device comprises, from top to bottom, the following components: a sealing cap 1, a transparent cup body 2, an air insulation layer 3, a thermochromic coating 4, a light-colored reflective layer 5, a filter screen 6, a liquid storage tank 7, a discharge port 8, and a sealing plug 9.

[0041] 1. The transparent cup body 2 is made of high-transmittance polycarbonate or high borosilicate glass with a wall thickness of 2mm and a light transmittance of ≥90%. Its inner cavity constitutes the organic fertilizer preparation space A, which is used to hold the mixture of chopped kitchen waste and EM bacteria.

[0042] 2. An air insulation layer 3 is located between the two outer walls of the transparent cup body 2, forming a closed cavity with a thickness d1=1~5mm. The cavity is filled with still air or a vacuum is applied to reduce heat convection and heat conduction, ensuring that the internal temperature of the device remains constant near the limit temperature.

[0043] 3. A thermochromic coating 4 is applied to the inner surface of the transparent cup body 2 with a thickness d2 = 0.1~1mm. An acrylic-based coating with microencapsulated reversible thermochromic material as the functional phase is selected. The color change threshold can be selected as 30-38℃, generally preferably 38℃: when the surface temperature is below 38℃, the coating is black and absorbs sunlight; when it reaches 38℃, the coating becomes transparent and stops absorbing heat.

[0044] 4. The light-colored reflective layer 5 is located on the thermochromic coating 4. It is a white fluorocarbon paint or white enamel coating with a thickness of 15μm and a reflectivity of ≥85%. When the thermochromic coating 4 becomes transparent, sunlight is transmitted through the cup wall and reflected by the light-colored reflective layer 5 to prevent overheating.

[0045] The light-colored reflective layer 5 can also be a white sleeve, which is attached to the inner wall of the transparent cup body 2.

[0046] 5. The filter screen 6 is made of food-grade 304 stainless steel with a pore size of Φ=0.1~5mm. The edge is fixed to the bottom of the transparent cup body 2 by bolts. The transparent cup body 2 and the liquid storage tank 7 are connected by bolts or threads to form a detachable structure.

[0047] 6. The liquid storage tank 7 is a cylindrical container coaxial with the bottom of the transparent cup 2, with a volume of 25% of the preparation space A, and a discharge port 8 is set at the center of the bottom; the discharge port 8 is equipped with a silicone sealing plug 9 with a taper of 1:10 to ensure no leakage.

[0048] 7. The sealing cap 1 is a polypropylene injection molded part with an embedded silicone sealing ring. It is threaded to the upper end of the transparent cup body 2. Rotating it 1.5 turns can achieve an airtight seal, preventing the escape of foul odors and the intrusion of bacteria.

[0049] II. Example 1: Family Balcony Scene

[0050] Step 1: Chop 500g of leftover food, fruit peels and other kitchen waste into pieces with a particle size ≤1cm, add 2g of commercially available EM bacteria powder, mix well and fill the preparation space A, compacting it to 80% of the volume.

[0051] Step 2: Tighten the sealing cap 1 and place the device on a south-facing balcony where it will be exposed to direct sunlight.

[0052] Step 3: At 9:00 AM, the ambient temperature is 25°C, the thermochromic coating 4 is black, and the device absorbs heat rapidly; at 11:30 AM, the internal temperature rises to 38°C, the coating becomes transparent, the light-colored reflective layer 5 reflects excess sunlight, and the air insulation layer 3 maintains a constant temperature.

[0053] Step 4: On the third day of fermentation, leachate is produced and flows into the liquid storage tank 7 through the filter 6; on the 15th day, the solid residue is reduced by ≥70% and the moisture content drops to 35%, which is a black and loose organic fertilizer that can be used directly for planting.

[0054] Step 5: Unscrew the filter screen 6 and remove the solid fertilizer; pull out the sealing plug 9 and discharge 200mL of leachate, dilute it 10 times and use it to irrigate the lettuce seeds that have been sown in the same device.

[0055] Results: Lettuce seedlings emerged 7 days earlier than ordinary potted plants, plant height increased by 25%, and leaf nitrate content decreased by 30%.

[0056] III. Example 2: Triangular Prism Variant of the Window Sill

[0057] The transparent cup body 2 is designed as an equilateral triangular prism with a side length of 150mm, and the rest of the structure is the same as in Example 1. This shape can fit snugly against a 90° wall corner, saving 30% of space, and is suitable for small kitchen windowsills. Experiments show that under the same lighting conditions, the triangular prism geometry reduces the range of changes in the angle of sunlight incidence, extends the daily heat absorption time of the thermochromic coating 4 by 1.2 hours, and further shortens the fermentation cycle to 13 days.

[0058] IV. Example 3: Large-capacity frustum conical community version

[0059] The transparent cup 2 is truncated cone-shaped, with an upper diameter of 280mm and a total height of 400mm, and the preparation space A has a volume of 20L. The thickness of the air insulation layer 3 is increased to 5mm, the filter screen 6 has a pore size of 5mm, and a quick-release clamp is added between the filter screen and the liquid storage tank 7 to facilitate centralized processing of kitchen waste in community canteens. Experiments show that in early spring when the ambient temperature is 15℃, the device can still maintain an internal temperature of 37.8±0.5℃, process 10kg of kitchen waste at a time, and produce a total of 8.3kg of organic fertilizer and 9.5L of leachate in 30 days, which can meet the nutritional needs of a 50m² rooftop vegetable garden for one quarter.

[0060] V. Technical Effects

[0061] The temperature-changing coating 4 and the light-colored reflective layer 5 constitute an intelligent temperature control system to achieve constant temperature control; the air insulation layer 3 reduces heat loss, making the day-night temperature difference less than 2℃; the filter screen 6 and the liquid storage tank 7 achieve instant solid-liquid separation to avoid anaerobic odor; the sealing cap 1 blocks odors and pathogenic microorganisms; the transparent cup body 2 and the light-colored reflective layer 5 work together to be used directly as a light-transmitting flower pot after fermentation, realizing the integration of "preparation-planting".

[0062] Compared with existing household compost bins, this utility model shortens the fermentation cycle by about 50%, consumes zero energy, has no odor, increases space utilization by 40%, and can complete vegetable seedling cultivation one month earlier, significantly improving the resource utilization efficiency of kitchen waste and the convenience of home greening.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," and any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Specific examples have been used in this document to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. These examples are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, due to the limitations of written expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or variations without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, variations, or combinations, or the direct application of the concept and technical solution of the present invention to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device, characterized in that, include: The transparent cup body (2) has an inner cavity that forms an organic fertilizer preparation space for receiving a mixture of kitchen waste and EM bacteria. The sidewall of the transparent cup body (2) consists of, from the outside to the inside: an air insulation layer (3), a thermochromic coating (4), and a light-colored reflective layer (5). The air insulation layer (3) is a closed cavity layer structure composed of two outer walls of a transparent cup; The thermochromic coating (4) is black and heat-absorbing when the temperature is below the limit temperature, and turns into a transparent state when the temperature reaches the limit temperature. The light-colored reflective layer (5) is a light-colored paint or a light-colored inner wall; The top of the transparent cup body (2) is sealed with a sealing cap (1); A filter screen (6) is provided at the bottom of the transparent cup body (2); A liquid storage tank (7) is provided below the filter screen (6) for collecting leachate.

2. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-colored reflective layer (5) is a white paint or a white inner wall.

3. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specified temperature range is 30-38 degrees Celsius.

4. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent cup body (2) is one of the following: cylindrical, frustum conical, or triangular prism.

5. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the air insulation layer (3) is 1~5 mm.

6. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter screen (6) has a pore size of 0.1~5 mm.

7. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing cap (1) is provided with a sealing structure that matches the opening end of the transparent cup body (2), so that the organic fertilizer preparation space forms a closed environment.

8. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid storage tank (7) and the transparent cup (2) are detachably connected.

9. The solar-powered organic fertilizer preparation and planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the liquid storage tank (7) is provided with a discharge port (8), and the discharge port (8) is provided with an openable sealing plug (9).

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