A tunnel uplift pile head waterproof structure and a tunnel uplift pile

Abstract

The utility model relates to tunnel engineering construction technical field especially, and it is a kind of tunnel uplift pile pile head waterproof structure and tunnel uplift pile. Tunnel uplift pile pile head waterproof structure includes: first water-swelling adhesive tape, second water-swelling adhesive tape, cement-based permeable crystalline waterproof material layer, polymer cement waterproof mortar layer, pre-paved waterproof coiled material layer, first water-swelling sealing adhesive and second water-swelling sealing adhesive;By a variety of materials according to specific positional relationship combination, to build up three-dimensional waterproof level, both solve the problem of poor synergy of waterproof material in traditional technology, also reduce the operation difficulty by simplifying construction process, finally greatly improve the reliability of pile head waterproof, to effectively curb groundwater from the interface of pile head, gap infiltration, guarantee the durability and safety of tunnel structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, and in particular to a waterproof structure for the pile head of a tunnel anti-uplift pile and a tunnel anti-uplift pile. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnels and underground engineering, tension piles are crucial components for resisting the buoyancy of groundwater and ensuring structural stability. However, the pile head, located at the junction of the pile body and the foundation concrete, and with numerous reinforcing bars running through it, creates a complex, multi-interface, and multi-gap weak point for waterproofing. Groundwater can easily seep in through the interface between the pile head and the foundation layer, cracks in the pile head concrete, and gaps between the reinforcing bars and concrete, seriously threatening the durability and operational safety of the tunnel structure.

[0003] Traditional pile head waterproofing typically involves embedding water-swellable rubber strips in grooves cut into the concrete at the pile head root, and then wrapping the individual reinforcing bars with the same strips. This traditional approach has significant drawbacks: First, mechanical grooving easily damages the pile head concrete, and the irregular shape of the grooves leads to incomplete sealing of the rubber strips, significantly reducing the sealing effect. Second, wrapping individual reinforcing bars with rubber strips in confined spaces is extremely difficult, as the strips are prone to twisting and breakage, making it hard to ensure a tight fit with the reinforcing bar surface, resulting in low waterproofing reliability. Furthermore, traditional methods often rely on a single waterproofing material layer, failing to systematically integrate the synergistic advantages of rigid, flexible, and permeable waterproofing materials. This makes it difficult to form a multi-layered, integrated, and robust waterproofing system, leading to poor overall waterproofing performance, low construction efficiency, and high maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a waterproof structure for the pile head of a tunnel tension pile that is easy to construct and has reliable sealing. This invention also provides a tunnel tension pile, including the aforementioned waterproof structure for the pile head.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, one embodiment of the present invention provides a waterproof structure for the head of a tunnel anti-uplift pile, comprising: a first water-swellable rubber strip, a second water-swellable rubber strip, a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer, a polymer cement waterproof mortar layer, a pre-laid waterproof membrane layer, a first water-swellable sealing adhesive and a second water-swellable sealing adhesive. The first water-swellable rubber strip is placed at the horizontal junction between the pile head root and the concrete cushion layer. The second water-swellable rubber strip is installed at the horizontal junction of the top of the pile head and the pile foundation reinforcement; The cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer covers the surface of the pile head and extends to the concrete cushion layer on the outside. The polymer cement waterproof mortar layer extends to the concrete cushion layer on the outside and to the side of the pile head on the inside, and covers the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer. The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer extends to the concrete pad layer on the outside and to the corner of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer on the inside, and is laid outside the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer. The first water-swellable waterproof sealant is filled at the junction of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer; The second water-swellable sealant is wrapped around the base of each pile foundation steel bar.

[0006] Optionally, the thickness of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

[0007] Optionally, the thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer is 1.7 mm.

[0008] Optionally, the first water-swellable adhesive strip is bonded to the horizontal junction between the pile head root and the concrete cushion layer.

[0009] Optionally, the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer may enclose the first water-swellable adhesive strip within it.

[0010] Optionally, the second water-swellable adhesive strip, the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer, and the second water-swellable waterproof sealant are arranged sequentially.

[0011] Optionally, the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer is a type P waterproof membrane.

[0012] Optionally, the pile head surface may be rough.

[0013] Optionally, the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer is positioned with the reverse adhesive layer facing upwards for bonding with the subsequently poured base slab concrete.

[0014] Another embodiment of this utility model provides a tunnel anti-uplift pile, including the above-mentioned waterproof structure for the pile head of the tunnel anti-uplift pile.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This utility model provides a waterproof structure for the pile head of a tunnel tension pile, comprising: a first water-swellable rubber strip, a second water-swellable rubber strip, a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer, a polymer cement waterproof mortar layer, a pre-laid waterproof membrane layer, a first water-swellable sealing adhesive, and a second water-swellable sealing adhesive; the first water-swellable rubber strip is positioned at the horizontal junction of the pile head root and the concrete cushion layer; the second water-swellable rubber strip is positioned at the horizontal junction of the pile head top and the pile foundation reinforcement; the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer covers the pile head surface and extends outwards to the concrete... The soil cushion layer; the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer extends outward to the concrete cushion layer and inward to the side of the pile head, and covers the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer; the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer extends outward to the concrete cushion layer and inward to the corner of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer, and is laid outside the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer; the first water-swellable sealant fills the junction between the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer; the second water-swellable sealant wraps around the root of each pile foundation reinforcement.

[0016] The first water-swellable rubber strip can be directly applied around the horizontal junction of the pile head root and the concrete cushion without grooves, avoiding damage to the concrete caused by grooves. The first water-swellable rubber strip can tightly fill the gaps after expanding when exposed to water. The second water-swellable rubber strip forms an integral sealing band at the horizontal junction of the pile head top and the pile foundation reinforcement, intercepting the path of water seepage along the collective gaps of the reinforcement bundle in advance. A cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer covers the pile head surface and extends to the concrete cushion layer. Its active chemical substances penetrate the concrete upon contact with water, reacting with free calcium oxide and other substances in the concrete to form water-insoluble crystals. This blocks capillary pores and micro-cracks from within, enhancing the structure's impermeability. The outer polymer cement waterproofing mortar layer combines rigidity and flexibility, providing physical protection for the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer while also forming a rigid waterproofing layer itself. It extends to the concrete cushion layer and the pile head side, achieving a seamless connection between the pile head and the concrete cushion layer. A pre-laid waterproof membrane layer is laid outside the polymer cement waterproofing mortar layer, using its excellent physical properties and chemical stability to block external moisture, forming a flexible main protective layer. The first water-swellable sealant precisely fills the gap between the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer, compensating for sealing gaps between different material interfaces. The second water-swellable sealant wraps around the base of each pile reinforcement bar, utilizing its good plasticity to fill irregular gaps between the reinforcement bars and the membrane pores. Upon contact with water, the expansion pressure concentrates, achieving precise sealing of individual reinforcement bars. The combination of multiple materials in specific positional relationships constructs a three-dimensional waterproof layer, solving the problem of poor synergy among waterproof materials in traditional technologies. It also simplifies the construction process, reducing operational difficulty and ultimately significantly improving the reliability of pile head waterproofing. This effectively prevents groundwater from seeping into the pile head interfaces and gaps, ensuring the durability and safety of the tunnel structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram.

[0019] Icons: 110 - Pile head; 120 - Concrete cushion layer; 130 - Pile foundation reinforcement; 210 - First water-swellable adhesive strip; 220 - Second water-swellable adhesive strip; 230 - Cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer; 240 - Polymer cement waterproof mortar layer; 250 - Pre-laid waterproof membrane layer; 260 - First water-swellable sealing adhesive; 270 - Second water-swellable sealing adhesive. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, outlines some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, this utility model embodiment provides a waterproof structure for the head of a tunnel tension pile, wherein the pile head 110 of the tunnel tension pile protrudes from the concrete cushion layer 120, and pile foundation steel bars 130 are arranged inside the tunnel tension pile. The waterproof structure for the head of the tunnel tension pile includes: a first water-swellable adhesive strip 210, a second water-swellable adhesive strip 220, a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230, a polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240, a pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250, a first water-swellable sealing adhesive 260, and a second water-swellable sealing adhesive 270. The first water-swellable rubber strip 210 is ringed at the horizontal junction of the pile head 110 and the concrete cushion layer 120, and the second water-swellable rubber strip 220 is ringed at the horizontal junction of the top of the pile head 110 and the pile foundation reinforcement 130; the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 covers the surface of the pile head 110, and the outer side of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 extends onto the concrete cushion layer 120, so that the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 also covers the first water-swellable rubber strip 210 and the second water-swellable rubber strip 220. The polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 covers a portion of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230. Specifically, the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 covers the portion of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 located on the concrete cushion layer 120. The outer side of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 extends to the concrete cushion layer 120, meaning that the portion located on the concrete cushion layer 120 is completely beneath the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240. The inner side of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 extends to the side of the pile head 110, and similarly covers a portion of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 located on the side of the pile head 110. It must be at least higher than the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210. The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 is laid outside the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240, with the outer side of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 extending to the concrete cushion layer 120 and the inner side extending to the corner of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240. The first water-swellable sealant 260 is filled at the junction of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 to fill the gap there; the second water-swellable sealant 270 is wrapped around the root of each pile foundation steel bar 130 to fill the gap between the pile foundation steel bar 130 and the pile head 110.

[0028] In this embodiment, the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 is directly encircled at the horizontal junction of the pile head 110 and the concrete cushion layer 120 without grooving, avoiding damage to the concrete caused by grooving, and the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 can tightly fill the gap after swelling upon contact with water; the second water-swellable adhesive strip 220 forms an integral sealing band at the horizontal junction of the top of the pile head 110 and the pile foundation reinforcement 130, intercepting the path of water seepage along the collective gaps of the reinforcement bundle in advance. The cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer 230 covers the surface of the pile head 110 and extends to the concrete cushion layer 120. The active chemical substances contained therein penetrate into the concrete after encountering water, reacting with free calcium oxide and other substances in the concrete to form water-insoluble crystals, blocking capillary channels and micro-cracks from the inside, and enhancing the impermeability of the structure itself. The polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 covering the outside has both rigidity and a certain degree of flexibility. It not only provides physical protection for the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing material layer 230, but also constitutes a rigid waterproof layer itself. At the same time, it extends to the concrete cushion layer 120 and the side of the pile head 110, realizing a seamless connection between the pile head 110 and the concrete cushion layer 120. The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 is laid outside the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240. Through its excellent physical properties and chemical stability, it blocks external moisture and forms a flexible main protective layer. The first water-swellable sealant 260 precisely fills the gap between the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240, compensating for sealing leaks between different material interfaces. The second water-swellable sealant 270 wraps around each of the pile foundation steel bars 130, utilizing its good plasticity to fill irregular gaps between the steel bars and the membrane pores. Upon contact with water, the expansion pressure is concentrated, achieving precise sealing of individual steel bars. The combination of multiple materials in specific positional relationships constructs a three-dimensional waterproof layer, solving the problem of poor synergy among waterproof materials in traditional technologies, and reducing operational difficulty by simplifying the construction process. Ultimately, this significantly improves the reliability of the waterproofing of the pile head 110, effectively preventing groundwater from seeping into the interfaces and gaps of the pile head 110, ensuring the durability and safety of the tunnel structure.

[0029] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 and the second water-swellable adhesive strip 220 are strip-shaped sealing materials made of synthetic rubber or natural rubber as the base, mixed with water-swellable functional materials and other additives, and formed by mixing, extrusion and vulcanization; the first water-swellable waterproof adhesive 260 and the second water-swellable waterproof adhesive 270 are single-component, paste-like, water-swellable polyurethane sealants, which are commonly used products in the field, and therefore will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Preferably, in this embodiment, the thickness of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 is greater than or equal to 20mm, thereby ensuring that the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 has sufficient rigidity and strength. This ensures that it can completely cover the first water-swellable rubber strip 210 located at the junction of the pile head 110 root and the concrete pad 120, providing stable physical protection for the first water-swellable rubber strip 210 and preventing it from being impacted, worn, or displaced during subsequent construction. It also ensures the waterproof performance of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 itself, effectively blocking water penetration.

[0031] Preferably, in this embodiment, the thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 is 1.7mm, which can fully ensure that the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 has excellent tear resistance, tensile strength and impermeability, and meet the requirements of the tunnel pile head 110 to resist groundwater erosion for a long time.

[0032] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 is bonded to the horizontal junction between the root of the pile head 110 and the concrete cushion layer 120. This bonding method eliminates the need to create grooves in the concrete of the pile head 110, completely avoiding damage to the concrete structure of the pile head 110 caused by mechanical grooving, reducing the risk of concrete cracking, and protecting the structural integrity of the pile head 110.

[0033] Optionally, in this embodiment, the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240 encapsulates the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 inside, thereby effectively isolating the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 from external environmental erosion, preventing the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210 from aging, cracking, or falling off due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical wear, or chemical substances, and extending the service life of the first water-swellable adhesive strip 210.

[0034] Optionally, in this embodiment, the second water-swellable adhesive strip 220, the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230, and the second water-swellable sealing adhesive 270 are sequentially arranged. The sequential arrangement of the second water-swellable adhesive strip 220, the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230, and the second water-swellable sealing adhesive 270 constructs a progressive waterproofing system for the rebar penetration area, achieving full-dimensional coverage from macroscopic gaps to microscopic pores.

[0035] Preferably, in this embodiment, the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer is a type P waterproof membrane, which is a self-adhesive waterproof membrane with plastic (such as high-density polyethylene) as the base material. Using type P waterproof membrane as the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 results in superior physical properties and chemical stability, stronger tear resistance, tensile strength, and aging resistance, and can adapt to the complex construction environment and long-term groundwater erosion in tunnel engineering.

[0036] Preferably, in this embodiment, the surface of the pile head 110 is roughened, that is, the surface of the pile head 110 is roughened, thereby increasing the contact area with the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer 230 and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer 240, so that the waterproof material can penetrate more fully into the tiny pores of the pile head 110 concrete, forming a mechanical interlocking effect, and greatly improving the bonding strength between the material and the pile head 110 concrete.

[0037] Preferably, in this embodiment, the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer 250 has its reverse adhesive layer facing upwards for bonding with the subsequently poured foundation slab concrete. With the reverse adhesive layer facing upwards, it can directly contact the poured foundation slab concrete. During the concrete hydration process, the adhesive layer will chemically react with the concrete, forming a strong chemical bond, making the membrane and the concrete structure a unified whole. This ensures that the waterproof layer and the structural layer deform synchronously and work together, guaranteeing the long-term stable waterproofing effect of the tunnel pile head 110.

[0038] Another embodiment of this utility model provides a tunnel anti-uplift pile, including the waterproof structure of the tunnel anti-uplift pile head described in any of the above embodiments.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure for the pile head of a tunnel anti-uplift pile, characterized in that, include: First water-swellable adhesive strip (210), second water-swellable adhesive strip (220), cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer (230), polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240), pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250), first water-swellable sealing adhesive (260) and second water-swellable sealing adhesive (270). The first water-swellable rubber strip (210) is arranged in a ring at the horizontal junction of the pile head (110) and the concrete cushion layer (120); The second water-swellable rubber strip (220) is arranged in a ring at the horizontal junction of the top of the pile head (110) and the pile foundation reinforcement (130); The cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer (230) covers the surface of the pile head (110) and extends to the concrete cushion layer (120) on the outside. The polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240) extends to the concrete cushion layer (120) on the outside and to the side of the pile head (110) on the inside, and covers the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer (230). The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250) extends to the concrete cushion layer (120) on the outside and to the corner of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240) on the inside, and is laid outside the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240). The first water-swellable sealant (260) is filled at the junction of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250) and the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240); The second water-swellable sealant (270) is wrapped around the base of each pile foundation steel bar (130).

2. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240) is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

3. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250) is 1.7 mm.

4. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first water-swellable adhesive strip (210) is bonded to the horizontal junction between the root of the pile head (110) and the concrete cushion layer (120).

5. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer cement waterproof mortar layer (240) encapsulates the first water-swellable adhesive strip (210) inside it.

6. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second water-swellable adhesive strip (220), the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer (230), and the second water-swellable waterproof sealant (270) are arranged in sequence.

7. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250) is a Class P waterproof membrane.

8. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the pile head (110) is rough.

9. The waterproof structure for the tunnel anti-uplift pile head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-laid waterproof membrane layer (250) has its reverse adhesive layer facing upwards for bonding with the subsequently poured base slab concrete.

10. A tunnel anti-uplift pile, characterized in that, Includes the waterproof structure for the pile head of the tunnel anti-uplift pile as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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