A kilowatt-level wind power generator side rake angle automatic adjusting mechanism

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of kilowatt wind-driven generator roll angle automatic regulating mechanism, structure includes electric telescopic push rod, fixed pulley, movable pulley, movable disc, fixed disc, bearing inner ring, bearing outer ring, tail wing roll angle electric control system, electric telescopic push rod is driven by electric push rod driving motor, its one end is connected with fixed pulley, the other end is connected with movable pulley. Movable disc large end is connected with bearing inner ring;Small end is connected with movable pulley and electric push telescopic rod. Its middle part is connected with bearing inner ring by fixed bolt nut. Tail wing connecting frame is connected with bearing inner ring by fixed bolt nut, i. e. movable disc can drive tail wing connecting frame and tail wing rotation by bearing inner ring, change roll angle. Tail wing roll angle electric control system integrates wind speed sensor to issue instruction, change tail wing roll angle by electric telescopic push rod, so that wind-driven generator automatically adapts the change of wind direction and wind speed, realizes speed regulating purpose, ensure that wind turbine runs smoothly and reliably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to small and medium-sized wind turbines, specifically to an automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most small and medium-sized wind turbines used in remote agricultural and pastoral areas lack automatic protection devices. In cases of excessive wind speed, generator overvoltage, or overheating, manual operation is primarily used to rotate and yaw the entire wind turbine for braking protection. This causes significant inconvenience for users. Wind, wind direction, and wind speed in nature are constantly changing and often unpredictable. This randomness and instability of wind energy presents many challenges to its development and utilization. When wind speeds exceed the rated wind speed of a wind turbine, it can cause serious damage to components such as wind turbine blades, generator, and tower. Existing protection devices have poor reliability, frequently resulting in accidents such as blades being broken by strong winds and generators burning out due to excessive speed.

[0003] To improve the safety, reliability, and size of small and medium-sized wind turbines, they are currently equipped with passive yaw mechanisms without automatic protection devices. These mechanisms typically utilize the principle of a tilted tail rotor to improve the stability and reliability of the wind turbine. During wind turbine manufacturing, the rotor must be manufactured strictly according to the designed parameters: the rotor tilt angle β (also known as the backslope angle), the eccentricity e between the rotor shaft and the center of rotation, and the tail rotor sideslope angle φ. This is crucial for ensuring accurate speed regulation by the speed control mechanism of small and medium-sized wind turbines.

[0004] The tail fin is connected to the tail fin connecting bushing on the rotating body by a pin. This pin has a pre-designed spatial back tilt angle and side tilt angle during installation. Due to the existence of this spatial back tilt angle and side tilt angle, when the wind turbine deflects to adjust its speed, the tail fin gradually tilts up. Under the action of its own weight, the tilted tail fin attempts to return to its original position. Once the wind speed decreases to a certain value, the restoring torque generated by the weight of the tail fin can force the tail fin to return to its original position, allowing the wind turbine to continue rotating in the wind.

[0005] However, small wind turbines often face problems in actual operation, such as unstable power generation efficiency due to frequent wind direction changes and overspeed damage caused by strong winds. Therefore, it is necessary to design a highly efficient automatic active yaw system to quickly and accurately adjust the rotor's angle against the wind, which is crucial for improving power generation performance. Addressing the issue of safely and reliably increasing power generation in real-time changing wind conditions, this research innovatively applies fuzzy logic control to the active yaw system of small wind turbines. By monitoring wind direction changes in real time and converting them into fuzzy sets for processing, the wind turbine's ability to track the optimal wind direction is improved, ultimately leading to the design of a new fuzzy logic yaw system. The research aims to design a collaborative control strategy that can effectively reduce wake effects and improve the overall power generation of wind farms. Therefore, the speed regulation requirement for small and medium-sized wind turbines is to maintain a relatively stable rotor speed within a certain wind speed range above the rated wind speed. The purpose of its speed regulation is to: 1. prevent the wind turbine from operating at excessive speed to ensure the safety, reliability, and service life of the components and the unit; 2. strictly control and ensure power supply quality under fluctuations in wind turbine speed; 3. prevent large fluctuations in output power under fluctuations in wind turbine speed; 4. enable the yaw mechanism to change the wind turbine's operating status in advance under sudden changes in wind speed to ensure wind turbine safety. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide an automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine. Through an automatic adjustment and control system, starting with a wind direction sensor, it monitors wind direction changes in real time and converts them into analog signals of wind speed and direction. These signals are input to a fuzzy logic-based yaw controller module. This module can process inaccurate or fuzzy input information and make yaw control decisions accordingly, outputting a switching signal. This design enhances the system's adaptability to complex environments. Subsequently, the switching signal drives an electric actuator via a relay, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the wind turbine's tail fin to align the turbine with the optimal wind direction. The entire system forms an intelligent, adaptive closed loop, significantly improving the wind turbine's power generation efficiency. Changing the tail fin tilt angle allows the wind turbine's rotor to rotate according to the wind speed in real time, extending the turbine's lifespan and enhancing operational safety, stability, and reliability.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is achieved by the following structure: an automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine, wherein the kilowatt-class wind turbine consists of a head, blades, a generator, an automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for the tail fin, a tail fin connection mechanism, a tail fin connection rod, a tail fin, an electronic control system, and an anti-collision mechanism.

[0008] The tail fin roll angle automatic adjustment mechanism is located at the rear end of the generator. The structure includes an electric telescopic push rod, a fixed pulley, a movable pulley, a movable disc, a fixed disc, an inner bearing ring, an outer bearing ring, and a housing. Its function is to change the tail fin roll angle through the electric push rod according to the instructions issued by the electric control system, so that the wind turbine can adapt to changes in wind direction and wind speed and achieve the purpose of speed regulation.

[0009] The electric telescopic push rod is driven by an electric push rod drive motor. One end of the push rod is connected to a fixed pulley via a fixing bolt and nut, and the other end is connected to a movable pulley via a fixing bolt and nut.

[0010] The large end of the movable disc is connected to the inner ring of the bearing via fixing bolts and nuts; the small end is connected to the movable pulley and the electric telescopic push rod via fixing bolts and nuts. The outer edge of the fixed disc is connected to the outer shell via fixing bolts and nuts, and the middle part is connected to the inner ring of the bearing via fixing bolts and nuts.

[0011] The tail fin connection mechanism is located at the rear end of the tail fin automatic frequency conversion mechanism. The structure includes a tail fin connection frame, a tail fin connection shaft, a tail fin connection rod, and a tail fin. Its function is to change the tail fin tilt angle according to the wind conditions so that the wind turbine can obtain the highest wind energy efficiency.

[0012] The tail fin connecting frame is connected to the inner ring of the bearing via fixing bolts and nuts, meaning the movable disc can drive the tail fin connecting frame to rotate through the inner ring of the bearing. The tail fin connecting shaft is connected to the tail fin connecting frame, and the tail fin connecting rod is welded to one side of the tail fin connecting shaft, with the tail fin attached to one end of the tail fin connecting rod.

[0013] During normal operation of the wind turbine, the side tilt angle between the tail fin and the vertical centerline of the nose is designed to vary from 0° to 20°.

[0014] The tail fin roll angle electrical control system consists of a PLC module, a power switch, an integrated wind speed sensor 10-3, a three-phase multi-function power module, AC contactors (KM1 and KM2), a left limit magnetic switch for the electric actuator (KA1), and a right limit magnetic switch for the electric actuator (KA2). The electrical control system is controlled by a PLC and integrates the wind speed sensor and the three-phase multi-function power module. The wind speed sensor sends analog inputs to the PLC module and the three-phase multi-function power module, and finally transmits signals to the PLC via RS485 communication.

[0015] The principle of automatic control of tail wing roll angle:

[0016] (1) When the wind speed reaches the wind turbine's power generation requirements, the PLC issues an output operation command. Through RS485 communication with the PLC, the AC contactor KM1 is engaged, driving the electric actuator to drive the motor. At the same time, the left limit magnetic switch KA1 of the electric actuator is turned on, completing the tail fin release operation. The tail fin is at 180° with the wind turbine, and the tail fin rotates clockwise by 0° to 20° (viewed from the rear of the tail fin towards the front of the turbine). The system then begins normal wind-fighting operation.

[0017] (2) When the wind speed reaches the shutdown wind speed or the three-phase power meter detects that the power generation is 110% of the rated power, the PLC issues an output stop command. Through RS485 communication with the PLC, the AC contactor KM2 is engaged, driving the electric actuator to drive the motor and turning on the right limit magnetic switch KA2 of the electric actuator. This causes the tail fin and the wind turbine to rotate counterclockwise (viewed from the rear of the tail fin towards the front of the turbine), completing the tail fin alignment operation. The tail fin and the wind turbine form a 90° angle, and the wind turbine moves away from the main wind direction. The system is in protection operation.

[0018] (3) The system protection operation time detects the real-time wind speed. When the wind speed drops below the rated wind speed and there is a delay, the system resumes normal operation and repeats step (1).

[0019] The anti-collision safety mechanism is located on one side of the tail fin connecting frame and includes an anti-collision connecting plate, an anti-collision pad bracket, and an anti-collision pad. Its function is to reduce the side tilt angle in advance and rotate the wind turbine tail fin to a parallel position with the wind turbine blades when an extremely strong wind is predicted, thus stopping power generation in advance. When the tail fin is aligned, the anti-collision mechanism can reduce the impact force of the tail fin connecting rod on the wind turbine. The anti-collision connecting plate is vertically welded to the tail fin connecting shaft, and an anti-collision pad bracket is welded to one end of the anti-collision connecting plate. The anti-collision pad bracket is used to install the anti-collision pad using bolts and nuts.

[0020] The advantages of this automatic adjustment mechanism are: 1. It achieves the purpose of automatic and active yaw of the wind turbine, and enables the wind turbine to find the best windward direction according to the wind conditions, ensuring that the wind turbine operates smoothly and reliably, and enabling the wind turbine to obtain effective rated power;

[0021] 2. When there are large changes in wind speed and load, and an early warning of extremely strong winds is issued, the tilt angle can be reduced in advance, allowing the wind turbine to adjust its speed and tail in advance, thus avoiding a "runaway" accident that could destroy the machine.

[0022] 3. Simple structure, lightweight, and easy to install and manufacture;

[0023] 4. The general setting parameters for the tilt angle can be achieved by adjusting the electric actuator stroke;

[0024] 5. This device is suitable for use in various kilowatt-class small and medium-sized wind turbines. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a kilowatt-class wind turbine.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of a kilowatt-class wind turbine.

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 View from B in the middle

[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the tail fin's cant angle.

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 C-direction view

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Yes, AA section.

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the middle

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electric control system circuit.

[0033] Legend

[0034] 1. kW-class wind turbine generator; 2. Nozzle; 3. Blades; 4. Generator; 5. Tail fin roll angle automatic adjustment mechanism; 6. Tail fin connection mechanism; 7. Tail fin connecting rod; 8. Tail fin; 9. Wind turbine support; 10. Tail fin roll angle electronic control system; 11. Collision avoidance safety mechanism.

[0035] 5-1 Electric telescopic push rod 5-2 Fixed pulley 5-3 Movable pulley 5-4 Fixing bolt and nut 5-5 Movable disc 5-6 Outer ring of bearing 5-7 Fixed disc 5-8 Housing 5-9 Inner ring of bearing 5-10 Electric push rod drive motor

[0036] 6-1 Tail wing connecting bracket; 6-2 Tail wing connecting shaft

[0037] 10-1 PLC Module 10-2 Wind Speed ​​Sensor 10-3 Three-Phase Multifunctional Power Module 10-4 Power Switch 10-5 AC Contactor (KM1) 10-6 AC Contactor (KM2) 10-7 Electric Actuator Left Limit Switch (KA1) 10-8 Electric Actuator Right Limit Switch (KA2)

[0038] 11-1 Anti-collision connecting plate; 11-2 Support plate; 11-3 Anti-collision pad bracket; 11-4 Anti-collision pad; 11-5 Bolts and nuts Detailed Implementation

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments, the following detailed description of an automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is provided so that its advantages and features can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer definition of the protection scope of this utility model.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the kilowatt-class wind turbine generator 1 consists of a head unit 2, blades 3, generator 4, tail fin tilt angle automatic adjustment mechanism 5, tail fin connection mechanism 6, tail fin connection rod 7, tail fin 8, wind turbine support 9, tail fin tilt angle electric control system 10, and anti-collision safety mechanism 11.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the tail fin roll angle automatic adjustment mechanism 5 is located at the rear end of the generator 4, and its structure includes an electric telescopic push rod 5-1, a fixed pulley 5-2, a movable pulley 5-3, a movable disc 5-5, a fixed disc 5-7, an inner bearing ring 5-9, an outer bearing ring 5-6, and a housing 5-8.

[0042] The electric telescopic push rod 5-1 is driven by an electric push rod drive motor 5-10. One end of the push rod is connected to the fixed pulley 5-2 through a fixing bolt and nut 5-4, and the other end is connected to the movable pulley 5-3 through a fixing bolt and nut 5-4.

[0043] The large end of the movable disc 5-5 is connected to the inner ring 5-9 of the bearing via a fixing bolt and nut 5-4; the small end is connected to the movable pulley 5-3 and the electric telescopic push rod 5-1 via a fixing bolt and nut 5-4. The outer edge of the fixed disc 5-7 is connected to the outer shell 5-8 via a fixing bolt and nut 5-4, and the middle part is connected to the inner ring 5-9 of the bearing via a fixing bolt and nut 5-4.

[0044] The tail wing connecting mechanism 6 is located at the rear end of the tail wing side tilt angle automatic adjustment mechanism 5, and the structure includes a tail wing connecting frame 6-1, a tail wing connecting shaft 6-2, a tail wing connecting rod 7, and a tail wing 8.

[0045] The tail fin connecting frame 6-1 is connected to the inner ring of the bearing 5-9 via a fixing bolt and nut 5-4, meaning that the movable disc 5-5 can drive the tail fin connecting frame 6-1 to rotate via the inner ring of the bearing 5-9. The tail fin connecting shaft 6-2 is connected to the tail fin connecting frame 6-1, and a tail fin connecting rod 7 is welded to one side of the tail fin connecting shaft 6-2. A tail fin 8 is mounted on one end of the tail fin connecting rod 7.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, during normal operation of the wind turbine, the side tilt angle (φ) between the tail fin 8 and the vertical centerline of the nose 2 is designed to vary from 0° to 20°.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, the tail wing roll angle electric control system 10 consists of a PLC module 10-1, a wind speed sensor 10-2, a three-phase multi-functional power module 10-3, a power switch 10-4, an AC contactor (KM1) 10-5, an AC contactor (KM2) 10-6, a left limit magnetic switch (KA1) 10-7 for the electric actuator, and a right limit magnetic switch (KA2) 10-8 for the electric actuator.

[0048] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, the anti-collision safety mechanism 11 is located on one side of the tail wing connecting frame 6-1. The structure includes an anti-collision connecting plate 11-1, a support plate 11-2, an anti-collision pad bracket 11-3, and an anti-collision pad 11-4. The anti-collision connecting plate 11-1 is vertically welded to the tail wing connecting shaft 6-2. The anti-collision pad bracket 11-3 is welded to one end of the anti-collision connecting plate 11-1. The anti-collision pad 11-4 is installed on the anti-collision pad bracket 11-3 by bolts and nuts 11-5.

Claims

1. An automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine, characterized in that, The kilowatt-class wind turbine (1) consists of a head (2), blades (3), generator (4), tail fin tilt angle automatic adjustment mechanism (5), tail fin connection mechanism (6), tail fin connecting rod (7), tail fin (8), wind turbine support (9), tail fin tilt angle electric control system (10), and anti-collision safety mechanism (11). The tail fin roll angle automatic adjustment mechanism (5) is located at the rear end of the generator (4), and its structure includes an electric telescopic push rod (5-1), a fixed pulley (5-2), a movable pulley (5-3), a movable disc (5-5), a fixed disc (5-7), an inner bearing ring (5-9), an outer bearing ring (5-6), and a housing (5-8). The electric telescopic push rod (5-1) is driven by an electric push rod drive motor (5-10). One end of the electric telescopic push rod is connected to a fixed pulley (5-2) via a fixing bolt and nut (5-4), and the other end is connected to a movable pulley (5-3) via a fixing bolt and nut (5-4). The large end of the movable disc (5-5) is connected to the inner ring of the bearing (5-9) by a fixing bolt and nut (5-4), and the small end is connected to the movable pulley (5-3) and the electric telescopic push rod (5-1) by a fixing bolt and nut (5-4); the outer edge of the fixed disc (5-7) is connected to the outer shell (5-8) by a fixing bolt and nut (5-4), and the middle part is connected to the inner ring of the bearing (5-9) by a fixing bolt and nut (5-4); The tail wing connecting mechanism (6) is located at the rear end of the tail wing side tilt angle automatic adjustment mechanism (5), and the structure includes a tail wing connecting frame (6-1), a tail wing connecting shaft (6-2), a tail wing connecting rod (7), and a tail wing (8). The tail wing connecting frame (6-1) is connected to the bearing inner ring (5-9) by fixing bolts and nuts (5-4). The tail wing connecting shaft (6-2) is connected to the tail wing connecting frame (6-1). A tail wing connecting rod (7) is welded to one side of the tail wing connecting shaft (6-2). A tail wing (8) is installed at one end of the tail wing connecting rod (7). The tail fin roll angle electric control system (10) consists of a PLC module (10-1), a wind speed sensor (10-2), a three-phase multi-functional power module (10-3), a power switch (10-4), an AC contactor (KM1) (10-5), an AC contactor (KM2) (10-6), a left limit magnetic switch for the electric actuator (KA1) (10-7), and a right limit magnetic switch for the electric actuator (KA2) (10-8). The anti-collision safety mechanism (11) is located on one side of the tail wing connecting frame (6-1). The structure includes an anti-collision connecting plate (11-1), a support plate (11-2), an anti-collision pad bracket (11-3), and an anti-collision pad (11-4). The anti-collision connecting plate (11-1) is vertically welded to the tail wing connecting shaft (6-2). The anti-collision pad bracket (11-3) is welded to one end of the anti-collision connecting plate (11-1). The anti-collision pad (11-4) is installed on the anti-collision pad bracket (11-3) by bolts and nuts (11-5).

2. The automatic tilt angle adjustment mechanism for a kilowatt-class wind turbine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During normal operation of the wind turbine, the side tilt angle between the tail fin (8) and the vertical center line of the nose (2) is designed to vary from 0° to 20°.

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