Two-stage spherical floating brake pad for motor train unit

Abstract

A two-stage spherical floating motor train brake shoe, comprising left brake shoe and right brake shoe, left brake shoe and right brake shoe are left-right symmetrical structure, left brake shoe and right brake shoe respectively comprise left steel back, friction block and spring buckle, the friction surface of friction block is regular hexagon, friction block is installed on left steel back and right steel back through spring buckle respectively, one triangle support is arranged between every 3 friction blocks and left steel back or right steel back, the spherical surface cooperation is formed between friction block and triangle support, and between triangle support and left steel back or right steel back, the utility model discloses a double-layer spherical floating structure and the elasticity of spring buckle, realize the self-adapting floating of friction body, and the close contact brake disc surface can reach good brake effect, through adopting the spherical surface floating cooperation mode, the scratch problem of disc spring edge to back plate surface can be effectively solved, and the continuous and effective of floating design is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a brake pad for high-speed trains, and more particularly to a two-stage spherical floating high-speed train brake pad. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, disc brake systems are used in all high-speed trains in China. These systems convert the train's immense kinetic energy into heat through friction between the brake pads and the brake disc, reducing the train's speed and ensuring it stops within a safe distance. The brake pads are the most critical component in the high-speed train's braking system. They require not only a stable coefficient of friction, wear resistance, and high-temperature resistance, but also to ensure an effective friction area between the pads and the brake disc. This reduces issues such as uneven wear, brake instability, abnormal wear, and chipping caused by uneven wear, thereby improving the braking efficiency and service life of the brake pads.

[0003] Existing high-speed train brake pads mostly use an elastic floating structure with disc springs as the elastic element and a two-stage spherical floating structure with triangular supports as rigid levers.

[0004] CN104455105A discloses a floating brake pad, including a back plate; a plurality of friction blocks disposed on the back plate; a disc spring disposed between the friction blocks and the back plate; and a retaining spring for buoyantly connecting the friction blocks to the first back plate; the back plate is formed with a positioning groove, and the disc spring is disposed in the positioning groove.

[0005] Disc springs effectively absorb the impact and vibration during braking, using their elasticity to press the friction blocks firmly against the brake disc during low-speed or initial high-speed braking. However, during high-speed braking, as the braking process continues and the temperature of the friction surface rises, a significant amount of heat is transferred to other structural components through heat conduction. Disc springs are thin-plate structures, typically fitting with other components in a line-surface manner. When a large amount of heat is transferred through the disc spring, the poor heat dissipation path leads to heat accumulation within the spring. Typically, as temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the material decrease significantly. The combined effects of pressure and high temperature can cause plastic deformation in disc springs, resulting in reduced elasticity or even failure, preventing effective contact between the friction blocks and the brake disc. The hardness of disc springs is higher than other structural components; during braking, their sharp edges continuously scrape the surfaces of other components, especially the spherical part of the backing plate, easily forming grooves. This causes the friction blocks to lose their elastic floating function, affecting the braking performance of the brake pads and reducing their lifespan due to uneven wear of the friction blocks.

[0006] CN221990819U discloses a high-speed train braking technology, aiming to provide a high-speed train brake pad. The key technical point is that it includes a large steel backing, which is composed of a large steel backing L and a large steel backing R. A friction unit is provided on the large steel backing and connected to the large steel backing through a triangular bracket. The friction unit is fixedly connected to the large steel backing through a snap ring. The friction unit is formed by sintering a small steel backing and a powder metallurgy sintered layer in a high-temperature sintering furnace.

[0007] The triangular bracket of the two-stage spherical floating structure is thicker. Compared with the elastic floating structure brake pad using disc springs, it will reduce the effective thickness of the friction block, reduce the service life of the brake pad, and increase the service cost of the train throughout its entire life cycle. Utility Model Content

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad that can effectively solve the problem of the disc spring edge scratching the back plate surface and improve the service life of the brake pad.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad, including a left brake pad and a right brake pad, the left brake pad and the right brake pad are symmetrically arranged; the left brake pad includes a left steel back, a friction block and a spring clip; the right brake pad includes a right steel back, a friction block and a spring clip; the friction block includes a back plate and a friction body, the friction surface of the friction block is hexagonal, and the friction block is installed on the left steel back and the right steel back by the spring clip; a triangular support is provided between every 3 friction blocks and the left steel back or the right steel back; the friction blocks and the triangular supports are spherically fitted to form a first-stage spherical floating structure; the triangular supports and the left steel back or the right steel back are spherically fitted to form a second-stage spherical floating structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the three friction blocks form a group, which interlock with each other to prevent rotation during operation. Three groups are assembled on the left steel back and three groups are assembled on the right steel back.

[0011] Furthermore, the front side of the triangular support is provided with 3 concave spherical surfaces A and 3 spherical protrusions, and the back side of the triangular support is provided with a convex spherical surface B and an anti-rotation pin; a cylindrical boss is provided on the top of the convex spherical surface B.

[0012] Furthermore, a convex spherical surface C, a pin shaft, and a ball-and-socket surface are provided at the center of the back plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the concave spherical surface A mates with the convex spherical surface C, the spherical protrusion mates with the spherical socket surface with a clearance fit, the convex spherical surface B mates with the concave spherical surface D of the left steel back or the right steel back, the anti-rotation pin mates with the anti-rotation hole of the left steel back or the right steel back with a clearance fit, and the cylindrical boss mates with the positioning hole of the left steel back or the right steel back with a clearance fit.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular groove is provided at the top of the pin; the inner ring surface of the spring buckle mates with the annular groove, and the outer ring surface of the spring buckle mates with the buckle countersunk hole of the left steel back or the right steel back.

[0015] Furthermore, nine friction blocks are installed on the left brake plate and nine friction blocks are installed on the right brake plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the friction block is formed by sintering the back plate and the friction body together using powder metallurgy.

[0017] Furthermore, the dovetail of the left or right steel back is integrally cast with the steel back, and the left and right steel backs have a symmetrical structure.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The structure of this utility model utilizes the double-layer spherical floating structure formed by the cooperation of the convex spherical surface C of the friction block back plate with the concave spherical surface A of the triangular support and the cooperation of the convex spherical surface B of the triangular support with the concave spherical surface D of the steel back plate, as well as the elasticity of the spring buckle, so that the friction block can be adaptively adjusted, ensuring that the friction surface is flush with the brake disc surface, and effectively reducing the occurrence of uneven wear.

[0020] (2) The structure of this utility model replaces the line-to-surface fit of the disc spring with the surface-to-surface fit of the spherical floating spring, making the heat transfer path smoother, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and ensuring the continuous effectiveness of the brake plate floating mechanism.

[0021] (3) The structure of this utility model optimizes the shape and size of the triangular support and the back plate of the friction block, increases the effective thickness of the friction block by 3-4mm, increases the service life of the brake pad by about 25%, reduces the frequency of brake pad replacement, and effectively reduces the cost of the entire life cycle of the train. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pads of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The figure shown is a partial cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1The diagram shows the front structural diagram of the steel backing of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the reverse side structure of the steel backing in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the friction block structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the spring buckle structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the front and side structure of the triangular support in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a side view of the triangular support backrest structure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the structure of this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See attached document Figure 1-8 This embodiment discloses a two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad, including a left brake pad and a right brake pad, which are symmetrically arranged. The left brake pad includes a left steel back 5, a friction block 4, and a spring clip 2. The right brake pad includes a right steel back 1, a friction block 4, and a spring clip 2. The friction block 4 includes a back plate 41 and a friction body 42. The friction surface of the friction block 4 is hexagonal. The friction block 4 is mounted on the left steel back 5 and the right steel back 1 via the spring clip 2. A triangular support 3 is provided between every three friction blocks 4 and the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1. The friction blocks 4 and the triangular supports 3 are spherically fitted to form a first-stage spherical floating structure. The triangular supports 3 are spherically fitted to the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1 to form a second-stage spherical floating structure.

[0034] Three friction blocks 4 form a group, interlocking with each other to prevent rotation. Three groups are assembled on the left steel back 5 and three groups are assembled on the right steel back 1.

[0035] The front side of the triangular support 3 is provided with three concave spherical surfaces A31 and three spherical protrusions 32, and the back side of the triangular support 3 is provided with a convex spherical surface B33 and an anti-rotation pin 34; a cylindrical boss 35 is provided on the top of the convex spherical surface B33.

[0036] The back plate 41 is provided with a convex spherical surface C411, a pin 412, and a ball-and-socket surface 414 at its center.

[0037] The concave spherical surface A31 mates with the convex spherical surface C411, the spherical protrusion 32 is in clearance fit with the spherical socket surface 414, the convex spherical surface B33 mates with the concave spherical surface D11 of the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1, the anti-rotation pin 34 is in clearance fit with the anti-rotation hole 12 of the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1, and the cylindrical boss 35 is in clearance fit with the positioning hole 13 of the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1.

[0038] The top of the pin 412 is provided with an annular groove 413; the inner ring surface 21 of the spring buckle 2 cooperates with the annular groove 413, and the outer ring surface 22 of the spring buckle 2 cooperates with the buckle countersunk hole 6 of the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1.

[0039] Nine friction blocks 4 are installed on the left brake plate, and nine friction blocks 4 are installed on the right brake plate.

[0040] The friction block 4 is formed by sintering the back plate 41 and the friction body 42 together using powder metallurgy.

[0041] The dovetail of the left steel back 5 or the right steel back 1 is integrally cast with the steel back, and the left steel back 5 and the right steel back 1 have a symmetrical structure.

[0042] This embodiment of the brake pad structure utilizes a double-layer spherical floating structure formed by the mating of the convex spherical surface C of the friction block back plate and the concave spherical surface A of the triangular support, and the mating of the convex spherical surface B of the triangular support and the concave spherical surface D of the steel back plate, along with the elasticity of the spring clip. This allows the friction block to self-adjust, ensuring that the friction surface is flush with the brake disc surface and effectively reducing uneven wear. Existing EMU brake pads exhibit uneven wear of 4.0-5.0 mm, while the brake pads in this embodiment show uneven wear of only 2.0-2.5 mm, half the amount of uneven wear in existing brake pads. This embodiment replaces the line-surface fit of the disc spring with a surface-surface fit of the spherical floating structure, resulting in a smoother heat transfer path, improved heat dissipation efficiency, and ensured the continuous effectiveness of the brake pad floating mechanism. This embodiment optimizes the shape and size of the triangular support and the friction block back plate, increasing the effective thickness of the friction block by 3-4 mm, extending the brake pad service life by approximately 25%, reducing the frequency of brake pad replacement, and effectively reducing the overall life-cycle cost of the train.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific implementation of the present utility model, so as to facilitate those skilled in the art to implement and understand the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A two-stage spherical floating type EMU brake pad, comprising a left brake pad and a right brake pad, wherein the left brake pad and the right brake pad are symmetrically arranged; characterized in that, The left brake pad includes a left steel back (5), a friction block (4), and a spring clip (2); the right brake pad includes a right steel back (1), a friction block (4), and a spring clip (2); the friction block (4) includes a back plate (41) and a friction body (42), the friction surface of the friction block (4) is hexagonal, and the friction block (4) is installed on the left steel back (5) and the right steel back (1) through the spring clip (2); a triangular support (3) is provided between every 3 friction blocks (4) and the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1); the friction block (4) and the triangular support (3) are spherically fitted to form a first-level spherical floating structure; the triangular support (3) and the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1) are spherically fitted to form a second-level spherical floating structure.

2. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three friction blocks (4) form a group and interlock with each other to prevent rotation during operation. Three groups are assembled on the left steel back (5) and three groups are assembled on the right steel back (1).

3. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front side of the triangular support (3) is provided with three concave spherical surfaces A (31) and three spherical protrusions (32), and the back side of the triangular support (3) is provided with a convex spherical surface B (33) and an anti-rotation pin (34); a cylindrical boss (35) is provided on the top of the convex spherical surface B (33).

4. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pads according to claim 3, characterized in that, The back plate (41) is provided with a convex spherical surface C (411), a pin (412) and a ball socket surface (414) at the center.

5. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concave spherical surface A (31) is fitted with the convex spherical surface C (411), the spherical protrusion (32) is fitted with the ball-and-socket surface (414) with a clearance fit, the convex spherical surface B (33) is fitted with the concave spherical surface D (11) of the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1), the anti-rotation pin (34) is fitted with the anti-rotation hole (12) of the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1) with a clearance fit, and the cylindrical boss (35) is fitted with the positioning hole (13) of the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1) with a clearance fit.

6. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the pin (412) is provided with an annular groove (413); the inner ring surface (21) of the spring buckle (2) cooperates with the annular groove (413), and the outer ring surface (22) of the spring buckle (2) cooperates with the buckle countersunk hole (6) of the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1).

7. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Nine friction blocks (4) are installed on the left brake plate and nine friction blocks (4) are installed on the right brake plate.

8. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The friction block (4) is formed by sintering the back plate (41) and the friction body (42) together using powder metallurgy.

9. The two-stage spherical floating EMU brake pad according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The dovetail of the left steel back (5) or the right steel back (1) is integrally cast with the steel back, and the left steel back (5) and the right steel back (1) have a left-right symmetrical structure.

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