Strong and weak self-switching public toilet energy-saving and environment-friendly air suction and exhaust system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of public lavatory energy-saving and environment-friendly suction and exhaust systems of strong-weak self-switching.For realizing public lavatory energy-saving and environment-friendly ventilation.It is the weak exhaust pipe of the strong exhaust pipe and the upper end of the weak exhaust pipe being provided with external exhaust natural air ball that outside exhaust fan and deodorizer are arranged in parallel intercommunication in the downstream end of the main exhaust pipe line of the parallel intercommunication suction air branch pipe line in multiple lavatories.It is provided with strong exhaust door of strong exhaust open and weak exhaust door of weak exhaust open in strong-weak exhaust pipe respectively.The outside exhaust natural air ball is driven to set the normally open rotating switch of stop or and micro rotation start outside exhaust fan and its deodorizer.It has the advantages of natural diffusion on the basis of wind day natural diffusion, weak external exhaust relying on natural air ball, no wind day deodorization strong external exhaust, in strong-weak exhaust self-switching operation mode, automatically keeping the air environment in lavatory good, especially suitable for the reconstruction of street lavatory in central city dense old street bungalow residential area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a public toilet exhaust system, and more particularly to an energy-saving and environmentally friendly public toilet exhaust system that automatically switches between strong and weak exhaust. Background Technology

[0002] In densely populated, prime residential areas of central cities, many old-style houses lack proper toilets. Public toilets in these areas are overloaded and lack adequate septic systems. Their operation relies heavily on periodic vacuum trucks while also providing emptying services for nearby residents. Therefore, flush toilets, which significantly reduce odor, are unsuitable. The severe odor from these dry toilets and the resulting air pollution urgently need to be addressed. Similarly, in arid and semi-arid regions, especially rural areas, where water resources are extremely scarce, flush toilets, which also significantly reduce odor, are unsuitable. The severe odor from these dry toilets also urgently needs to be addressed. Furthermore, public toilets in densely populated industrial development zones, lacking adequate septic systems, are often limited to portable, dry squat toilets with even stronger odors. Traditional dry toilets, due to their severe odor, are often large, open-air structures with open doors, windows, or even open walls for natural ventilation. While the stench is unbearable, ventilation methods are ineffective for odor removal. With the widespread adoption of waterless flushing and odor-proof squat toilets, the toilet environment has been significantly improved, with better air quality and a more appealing visual environment. However, waterless flushing and odor-proof squat toilets still tend to have higher odor levels compared to regular full-water flushing squat toilets. Furthermore, with doors and windows sealed to prevent freezing and dust storms, air renewal is necessary to maintain indoor air quality. The main methods for air renewal are natural convection ventilation and forced exhaust ventilation. Natural convection ventilation has poor air purification effects, while forced exhaust ventilation, although effective, is energy-intensive and wasteful. Additionally, in densely populated old residential areas, exhaust venting into these areas can significantly impact the surrounding air quality in calm or still weather conditions. These issues urgently need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology and provide an energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets that can switch between strong and weak airflow.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this novel energy-saving and environmentally friendly public toilet exhaust system with automatic switching between strong and weak exhaust is characterized by a main exhaust duct that connects multiple parallel exhaust branch pipes within the toilet. At its downstream end, a strong exhaust duct equipped with an external exhaust fan and deodorizer is connected in parallel to a weak exhaust duct equipped with an external natural ventilation bulb at its upper end. The strong and weak exhaust ducts are respectively equipped with strong exhaust dampers (open for both) and weak exhaust dampers. The external natural ventilation bulb is driven by a normally open rotary switch that allows the external exhaust fan and deodorizer to stop or start with a slight rotation. The slight rotation start involves preset a small speed value; when this speed value is reached, the system initiates the necessary activation. This setup ensures that when there is sufficient natural wind outdoors, the wind will rotate the outdoor wind turbine, causing it to draw in air. This airflow then passes through the low-pressure exhaust duct, the main exhaust duct, and the internal intake branch duct, expelling the stale air from the public restroom. The low-pressure exhaust door remains open during low-pressure exhaust, while the high-pressure exhaust door remains closed during low-pressure exhaust. Although the low-pressure exhaust is weak, the natural wind itself diffuses stale air outwards, refreshes the air inside the restroom, and diffuses the air into the surrounding environment. This combined effect of the low-pressure exhaust and the natural wind's outward diffusion, air renewal, and external diffusion ensures a good air quality both inside and outside the restroom without consuming external exhaust energy. When there is no natural wind or the natural wind is not strong enough to create effective suction and exhaust force, the normally open rotary switch will activate the strong suction effect of the exhaust fan and deodorizer. This suction force passes through the strong exhaust duct, main exhaust duct, and internal exhaust branch duct, deodorizing and forcefully expelling the polluted air from the public restroom. The weak exhaust door will be closed during normal exhaust conditions, while the strong exhaust door will be open during strong exhaust conditions. In windless or weak wind environments, the polluted air forcefully expelled from the restroom can pollute the surrounding air environment due to the lack of diffusion conditions in the external environment. However, the deodorizer, operating simultaneously with the exhaust fan, deodorizes the exhaust air, thus ensuring good air quality inside the restroom even in windless conditions and preventing pollution of the surrounding environment. Therefore, it has the advantage of relying on natural wind for weak exhaust on windy days and on strong exhaust for deodorization on windless days, maintaining a good air environment inside and outside the restroom through a self-switching operation mode of strong and weak exhaust.

[0005] As an optimization, the strong and weak exhaust dampers are either electrically operated dampers or airflow / pressure driven dampers. Electrically operated dampers offer better control efficiency, while airflow / pressure driven dampers simplify switching control.

[0006] As an optimization, the forced exhaust duct is equipped with a normally closed forced exhaust damper, and the weak exhaust duct is equipped with a normally closed weak exhaust damper. This helps improve the efficiency of damper closure.

[0007] As an optimization, the normally closed forced exhaust damper in the forced exhaust duct is an electrically operated normally closed forced exhaust damper that opens in conjunction with forced exhaust, which helps to ensure the damper opening; or a gravity normally closed forced exhaust damper that opens under external exhaust pressure when there is no wind, which helps to simplify control; the normally closed weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct is a gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper that opens under external exhaust pressure when there is no wind, which helps to simplify control.

[0008] The normally closed weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper that closes in conjunction with the strong exhaust, which helps to ensure the damper opening. Alternatively, it can be a gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper that closes automatically under no wind and opens under external exhaust pressure, which helps to simplify control.

[0009] As an optimization, the electrically operated normally closed strong and weak exhaust rotary damper is an electrically operated normally closed strong exhaust rotary damper installed in the strong exhaust duct, and the electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust rotary damper installed in the weak exhaust duct; the gravity normally closed strong exhaust damper is a grid-type gravity normally closed strong exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind, with a large opening and low wind resistance; the gravity normally closed strong exhaust damper is a grid-type gravity normally closed strong exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind, suitable for horizontal ducts with good opening and closing performance; the gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper installed in the weak exhaust duct is a wind cap-type gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind, suitable for vertical ducts with good opening and closing performance.

[0010] As an optimization, the electrically operated normally closed and normally open forced exhaust damper is a rotary damper with a sealing fit between the inner cavity of the strong and weak exhaust pipes and the main shaft through which the strong and weak exhaust pipes pass. An electric actuator that drives the main shaft is set outside the strong and weak exhaust pipes, which helps to simplify operation. The grid-type gravity normally closed forced exhaust damper is a gravity-driven downward fan blade with multiple parallel grids in the inner cavity of the outer end of the rectangular forced exhaust pipe. When it hangs down, it latches with the grid below to close the air duct. When it encounters strong external wind, the gravity-driven downward fan blade is blown open, thus opening the air duct. It has good self-opening performance. The described hood-type gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper is a vertical weak exhaust duct with an inner ring plate. The inner ring plate has a pipe seat on the upper side and a ventilation cone on the lower side. The vertical rod at the lower end of the ventilation cone is vertically slidable and has a hood and a limiting stop that are respectively engaged with the upper opening of the pipe seat. The total weight of the vertical rod, the hood, and the limiting stop is less than the upward force on the hood when the weak exhaust is normal, and the self-closing performance is good.

[0011] As an optimization, the wind cap is an umbrella shape, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, which helps prevent dust and water from falling in and affecting the upward airflow performance; alternatively, the wind cap is an umbrella shape, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, with a lightweight buoyancy chamber at the lower end of the vertical pole or on the umbrella to reduce the weight of the vertical pole, wind cap, and baffle, thus reducing the wind load during upward airflow. The lightweight gas is hydrogen or helium, which has a specific gravity less than air. The lightweight buoyancy chamber at the lower end of the vertical pole helps prevent dust and water from falling in and avoids affecting the weight reduction capability.

[0012] As an optimization, the strong and weak exhaust ducts are each composed of a midstream expansion section and downstream and upstream sections of varying diameters. The downstream section of the strong exhaust duct is equipped with the exhaust fan, deodorizer, and strong exhaust damper, while the downstream section of the weak exhaust duct is equipped with the weak exhaust damper and a natural exhaust fan. This significantly improves the exhaust capacity.

[0013] As an optimization, the cross-sectional area of ​​the downstream thicker section's inner cavity is at least 1.5 times that of the upstream thinner section's inner cavity. This ensures improved exhaust ventilation capacity.

[0014] As an optimization, the toilet air intake branch pipe includes a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the wall behind the squat toilet, a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the wall next to the urinal, and a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the ceiling of the toilet, which can ensure the complete renewal of air in the public toilet.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, this new type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak self-switching has the advantages of relying on natural wind for weak exhaust on windy days and relying on deodorization for strong exhaust on windless days. In the strong and weak exhaust self-switching operation mode, it automatically maintains a good air environment inside and outside the toilet, which is particularly suitable for the renovation of public toilets in dense old street and bungalow residential areas in central cities. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a side view of the first embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak ventilation, as shown in the diagram of weak exhaust mode. Figure 2 This is a side view of the first embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak automatic switching, which is a schematic diagram of the strong exhaust structure. Figure 3 This is a side view of the second embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak automatic switching, when the exhaust is weak. Figure 4 This is a side view of the second embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak automatic switching, which is a schematic diagram of the strong exhaust structure. Figure 5 This is a side view of the third embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak automatic switching, in the case of weak exhaust. Figure 6 This is a side view of the third embodiment of the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with strong and weak automatic switching, which is a schematic diagram of the strong exhaust structure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1, as Figure 1 and 2As shown, the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak exhaust is a main exhaust pipe 1 that connects multiple parallel exhaust branch pipes 11 within the toilet. At its downstream end, it is connected to a strong exhaust pipe 3 equipped with an external exhaust fan 31 and a deodorizer 32, and at its upper end, a weak exhaust pipe 2 equipped with an external exhaust natural wind ball 21. The strong and weak exhaust pipes 3 and 2 are respectively equipped with a strong exhaust damper (open for strong exhaust) and a weak exhaust damper (open for weak exhaust). The external exhaust natural wind ball 21 drives a normally open rotary switch that is configured to stop or slightly start the external exhaust fan 31 and its deodorizer 32. Slight starting involves preset a slight speed value; when the speed reaches this value, the system starts. This setup ensures that when there is sufficient natural wind outdoors, the wind will rotate the outdoor wind turbine, causing it to draw in air. This airflow then passes through the low-pressure exhaust duct, the main exhaust duct, and the internal intake branch duct, expelling the stale air from the public restroom. The low-pressure exhaust door remains open during low-pressure exhaust, while the high-pressure exhaust door remains closed during low-pressure exhaust. Although the low-pressure exhaust is weak, the natural wind itself diffuses stale air outwards, refreshes the air inside the restroom, and diffuses the air into the surrounding environment. This combined effect of the low-pressure exhaust and the natural wind's outward diffusion, air renewal, and external diffusion ensures a good air quality both inside and outside the restroom without consuming external exhaust energy. When there is no natural wind or the natural wind is not strong enough to create effective suction and exhaust force, the normally open rotary switch will activate the strong suction effect of the exhaust fan and deodorizer. This suction force passes through the strong exhaust duct, main exhaust duct, and internal exhaust branch duct, deodorizing and forcefully expelling the polluted air from the public restroom. The weak exhaust door will be closed during normal exhaust conditions, while the strong exhaust door will be open during strong exhaust conditions. In windless or weak wind environments, the polluted air forcefully expelled from the restroom can pollute the surrounding air environment due to the lack of diffusion conditions in the external environment. However, the deodorizer, operating simultaneously with the exhaust fan, deodorizes the exhaust air, thus ensuring good air quality inside the restroom even in windless conditions and preventing pollution of the surrounding environment. Therefore, it has the advantage of relying on natural wind for weak exhaust on windy days and on strong exhaust for deodorization on windless days, maintaining a good air environment inside and outside the restroom through a self-switching operation mode of strong and weak exhaust.

[0018] Specifically, the strong and weak exhaust dampers are electrically operated. The strong exhaust damper on the strong exhaust duct 3 is a normally closed strong exhaust damper, and the weak exhaust damper on the weak exhaust duct 2 is a normally open weak exhaust damper. The normally closed strong exhaust damper on the strong exhaust duct 3 is an electrically operated normally closed strong exhaust damper that opens in conjunction with strong exhaust, and the normally open weak exhaust damper on the weak exhaust duct 2 is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper that closes in conjunction with strong exhaust. The electrically operated normally closed strong exhaust damper is an electrically operated normally closed strong exhaust rotary damper on the strong exhaust duct 3, and the electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust rotary damper on the weak exhaust duct 2. The electrically operated normally closed and normally open strong and weak exhaust rotary dampers are rotary dampers 40 installed on the main shaft through which the strong and weak exhaust ducts 3 and 2 pass, sealingly fitting with the inner cavity of the strong and weak exhaust ducts 3 and 2, and an electrically driven actuator 4 is installed outside the strong and weak exhaust ducts 3 and 2.

[0019] Specifically, the strong and weak exhaust ducts 3 and 2 are respectively composed of a midstream expansion section and downstream and upstream sections of varying thicknesses. The downstream thick section of the strong exhaust duct 3 is equipped with the exhaust fan 31, deodorizer 32, and strong exhaust damper. The downstream thick section of the weak exhaust duct 2 is equipped with the weak exhaust damper and an exhaust natural wind ball 21. More specifically, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cavity of the downstream thick section is at least 1.5 times that of the inner cavity of the upstream thin section, preferably 2-4 times.

[0020] Specifically, the toilet air intake branch pipe 11 includes a toilet air intake branch pipe 11 that draws air from the wall behind the squat toilet, a toilet air intake branch pipe 11 that draws air from the wall next to the urinal, and a toilet air intake branch pipe 11 that draws air from the ceiling of the toilet.

[0021] Example 2, as Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the difference between this utility model's energy-saving and environmentally friendly public toilet exhaust system with automatic switching between strong and weak exhaust and the first embodiment described above is that the strong and weak exhaust dampers are airflow and air pressure driven dampers. The strong exhaust damper in the strong exhaust duct 3 is a normally closed strong exhaust damper, and the weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct 2 is a normally closed weak exhaust damper. The normally closed strong exhaust damper in the strong exhaust duct 3 is a gravity-driven normally closed strong exhaust damper that opens under external air pressure when there is no airflow, and the normally closed weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct 2 is a gravity-driven normally closed weak exhaust damper that opens under external air pressure when there is no airflow.

[0022] The gravity-operated normally closed forced exhaust damper in the forced exhaust duct 3 is a grid-type gravity-operated normally closed forced exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind; the gravity-operated normally closed weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct 2 is a wind-cap-type gravity-operated normally closed weak exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind. The grid-type gravity-operated normally closed forced exhaust damper consists of multiple parallel grids in the inner cavity of the outer end of the rectangular forced exhaust duct, which are respectively hinged to the lower grid to close the air duct when hanging down. When encountering strong external wind, the gravity-operated downward blades are blown open, thus opening the air duct. The described hood-type gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper is a vertical weak exhaust duct with an inner ring plate 60. The inner ring plate 60 has a pipe seat on its inner circumference, and a ventilation cone 62 on its lower circumference. A vertical rod 63, vertically sliding at the lower cone end of the ventilation cone 62, has a hood 6 and a limiting stop respectively at its upper and lower ends, which engage with the upper opening of the pipe seat. The total weight of the vertical rod 63, the hood 6, and the limiting stop is less than the upward force experienced by the hood during normal weak exhaust. The hood 6 is an umbrella shape, smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.

[0023] Example 3, as Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the difference between the energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow and the above-mentioned embodiment two is that the hood 6 is an umbrella shape with a smaller top and a larger bottom, and a lightweight buoyancy bag 7 is provided at the lower end of the vertical rod 63 (or on the umbrella) to reduce the weight of the vertical rod 63, the hood 6, and the limiting stop. The lightweight gas is hydrogen or helium, which has a specific gravity less than air.

[0024] In summary, this new type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets, which automatically switches between strong and weak exhaust, has the advantages of relying on natural wind for weak exhaust on windy days and relying on deodorization for strong exhaust on windless days. Under the strong-weak exhaust switching operation mode, it automatically maintains a good air environment inside and outside the toilet, making it particularly suitable for the renovation of public toilets in dense old street and bungalow residential areas in central cities.

Claims

1. A public toilet energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow, characterized in that... The downstream end of the main exhaust duct, which connects multiple parallel exhaust branch ducts in the toilet, is connected to a strong exhaust duct equipped with an exhaust fan and a deodorizer, and a weak exhaust duct equipped with an exhaust natural ventilation ball at the top. The strong and weak exhaust ducts are respectively equipped with a strong exhaust damper that is open for strong exhaust and a weak exhaust damper that is open for weak exhaust. The exhaust natural ventilation ball is driven by a normally open rotary switch that stops or slightly starts the exhaust fan and its deodorizer.

2. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The strong exhaust damper and the weak exhaust damper are either electric dampers or dampers driven by airflow and air pressure.

3. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The exhaust dampers in the forced exhaust ducts are normally closed, while the exhaust dampers in the weak exhaust ducts are normally open or normally closed.

4. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The normally closed forced exhaust damper installed in the forced exhaust duct is either an electrically operated normally closed forced exhaust damper that opens in conjunction with forced exhaust, or a gravity normally closed forced exhaust damper that opens under external exhaust pressure when there is no airflow. The normally open weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper that closes in conjunction with the strong exhaust. The normally closed weak exhaust damper in the weak exhaust duct is a gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper that closes automatically when there is no airflow and opens under the external exhaust pressure.

5. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The electrically operated normally closed forced exhaust damper is an electrically operated normally closed forced exhaust rotary damper installed in the forced exhaust duct; the electrically operated normally open weak exhaust damper is an electrically operated normally open weak exhaust rotary damper installed in the weak exhaust duct; the gravity normally closed forced exhaust damper is a grid-type gravity normally closed forced exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind; the gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper installed in the weak exhaust duct is a wind cap-type gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper that closes due to gravity when there is no wind.

6. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The electrically operated normally closed and normally open strong and weak exhaust rotary damper is a rotary damper installed on the main shaft through which the strong and weak exhaust pipes pass and is sealed to the inner cavity of the strong and weak exhaust pipes. An electric actuator that drives the main shaft is installed outside the strong and weak exhaust pipes. The grid-type gravity normally closed strong exhaust damper is a gravity-driven downward-hanging fan blade that is hinged to the inner cavity of the outer end of a rectangular strong exhaust pipe and latches with the lower grid to close the air duct when it hangs down. When encountering strong external wind, the gravity-driven downward-hanging fan blade is blown open, thus opening the air duct. The aforementioned hood-type gravity normally closed weak exhaust damper is a vertical weak exhaust duct with an inner ring plate. The inner ring plate has a pipe seat on the upper side and a ventilation cone on the lower side. The lower end of the ventilation cone has a vertically sliding vertical rod with a hood and a limiting stop that are respectively engaged with the upper opening of the pipe seat. The total weight of the vertical rod, the hood, and the limiting stop is less than the upward force on the hood during normal weak exhaust.

7. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The wind cap is an umbrella-shaped structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom, or the wind cap is an umbrella-shaped structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom, and a light air buoyancy bag is provided at the lower end of the vertical pole or on the umbrella to reduce the weight of the vertical pole, the wind cap and the head stop, and the light air is hydrogen or helium with a specific gravity less than air.

8. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that... The strong and weak exhaust ducts are respectively composed of a midstream expansion section and downstream and upstream thick and thin sections extending from it. The downstream thick section of the strong exhaust duct is equipped with the exhaust fan, deodorizer and strong exhaust damper. The downstream thick section of the weak exhaust duct is equipped with the weak exhaust damper and exhaust natural wind ball.

9. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 8, characterized in that... The cross-sectional area of ​​the downstream thick section is at least 1.5 times that of the upstream thin section.

10. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly exhaust system for public toilets with automatic switching between strong and weak airflow as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The toilet's air intake branch pipes include a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the wall behind the squat toilet, a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the wall next to the urinal, and a toilet intake branch pipe that draws air from the ceiling of the toilet.

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