Non-invasive installation type agricultural environment monitoring and collecting system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of non-destructive installation type agricultural environment monitoring collection systems, including installation pillar, photovoltaic power generation board, internet of things controller, power controller, sensor controller, first sensor support rod, wind speed and direction measuring unit, second sensor support rod, multi-in-one environmental sensor, sensor support rod extension sleeve, photovoltaic panel installation module, magnetic field shielding sheet and magnetic adsorption component;The installation pillar of ferromagnetic material is vertically arranged in agricultural environment;Photovoltaic power generation board is arranged in the upper portion of installation pillar by photovoltaic panel installation module and magnetic adsorption component;Internet of things controller, power controller and sensor controller are all by case body, circuit board and magnetic field shielding sheet constitute;The rear end outer surface of case body is fixedly connected with at least one magnetic adsorption component;The rear portion of sensor support rod extension sleeve is installed with a group of magnetic adsorption components, for realizing the adsorption to installation pillar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of agricultural environmental sensing and monitoring systems, and in particular relates to a non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system. Background Technology

[0002] In tropical facility agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of high-value-added crops such as tropical flowers, medicinal plants, and pollution-free agricultural products, standardized process parameters are lacking, and the digitalization of production management is weak. Standardization and intelligentization of the entire process have not yet been achieved. Facility management is extensive, and environmental perception is incomplete and untimely, resulting in poor precision and significant lag in environmental control. Related industries face challenges such as unstable product quality, low production efficiency, high energy and material consumption, and low resilience to natural disasters. This, in turn, hinders the development of intensive intelligent agriculture and prevents the full utilization of high-quality tropical varieties.

[0003] To achieve higher precision in agricultural production environmental control, the foundation lies in high-precision real-time sensing of environmental parameters at the agricultural site. However, current agricultural environmental sensors have certain shortcomings in terms of deployment procedures, maintainability, and cost, which have adverse effects on related fields.

[0004] In terms of installation methods, agricultural sensors, apart from embedded sensing systems that are directly integrated with the facility building, require drilling holes or welding additional supports into the facility structure. Such operations are complex to construct and damage the integrity of the facility's mechanical structure. They also accelerate corrosion at the drilling and welding points, reducing the service life of the facility building and adversely affecting its safety.

[0005] Secondly, current agricultural environmental sensing devices have a low degree of modularity. When a component fails or ages, the entire device can hardly continue to operate. In this type of mode, the system has poor scalability and cannot effectively adapt to different environmental detection needs, resulting in high long-term operating costs.

[0006] Furthermore, a significant proportion of currently practical agricultural sensing systems still rely on power or communication lines. The cost of cables, materials, and installation is high. In agricultural settings with significant terrain variations, dense crop growth, or large planting areas, construction cycles are long, operability is poor, complex cables interfere with agricultural operations, and wired sensor systems frequently malfunction due to line faults. Maintenance is also arduous and difficult. Introducing self-powered and wireless communication technologies can effectively solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a non-destructive installation-type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system, thereby solving the technical defects of existing technologies, such as difficult installation and deployment, low modularity, high integrated cabling costs, and destructive impact on facility buildings.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and acquisition system includes an installation support 1, a photovoltaic power generation panel 2, an Internet of Things controller 3, a power controller 4, a sensor controller 5, a first sensor support rod 6, a wind speed and direction measurement unit 7, a second sensor support rod 8, a multi-functional environmental sensor 9, a sensor support rod extension sleeve 11, a photovoltaic panel installation module 12, a magnetic field shielding sheet 42, and a magnetic adsorption component 60.

[0010] The ferromagnetic mounting post 1 is vertically arranged in the agricultural environment; the photovoltaic power generation panel 2 is installed on the upper part of the mounting post 1 with adjustable height and angle through the photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 and the magnetic adsorption component 60, for photovoltaic power generation and to shield the Internet of Things controller 3, power controller 4 and sensor controller 5 located below it.

[0011] The IoT controller 3, power controller 4, and sensor controller 5 are all composed of a chassis 39, a circuit board 41, and a magnetic field shielding sheet 42. At least one magnetic adsorption component 60 is fixedly attached to the outer rear surface of the chassis 39 for magnetic adsorption onto the mounting support 1. The circuit board 41 is fixedly attached to the chassis 39 via an insulating support screw 43. A magnetic field shielding sheet 42 is affixed to the entire inner surface of the rear end of the chassis 39 to shield the magnetic field leaked by the magnetic adsorption component 60 and prevent interference to the electrical components on the circuit board 41.

[0012] The wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 are fixedly connected to the front end of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8; the rear ends of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 are respectively fixedly connected to a telescopic sensor support rod extension sleeve 11; a set of magnetic adsorption components 60 are installed at the rear of the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 to achieve adsorption of the mounting column 1.

[0013] The photovoltaic power generation panel 2, the Internet of Things controller 3, and the sensor controller 5 are electrically connected to the power controller 4. The power controller 4 is used to collect and store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and provide a stable output. The wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 are electrically connected to the sensor controller 5. The sensor controller 5 is further electrically connected to the Internet of Things controller 3 to enable the Internet of Things controller 3 to read the sensor data.

[0014] When used for mounting on curved surfaces such as round tubes, the magnetic adsorption assembly 60 includes a first magnet 45, a second magnet 46, a soft magnetic backplate 47, and a magnetic pole shoe 48. The first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are cuboid bar magnets with their magnetization directions perpendicular to the front and rear surfaces of the magnets, and the magnetization polarities of the first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are opposite. The first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are fixed to the rear surface of the soft magnetic backplate 47, and the rear surfaces of the first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are respectively fixed to a magnetic pole shoe 48 with an arc-shaped contact surface. The front end of the soft magnetic backplate 47 is bolted to the rear end of the chassis 39.

[0015] When used for mounting on a flat or square tube surface, the magnetic adsorption assembly 60 includes a flat mounting back plate 49 and one or more sets of magnetic adsorption units disposed on the flat mounting back plate 49; the magnetic adsorption unit includes a central magnet 53 and an annular magnet 51 surrounding the outside of the central magnet 53, and there is a magnetic pole gap 52 between the annular magnet 51 and the central magnet 53; a plurality of mounting holes 50 are provided on the edge of the flat mounting back plate 49 for fixing to the rear end of the chassis 39 by bolts.

[0016] The contact interface between the magnetic adsorption component 60 and the mounting column 1 is coated with a layer of polymer elastomer film to increase the friction of the contact interface and prevent the magnetic adsorption component 60 from slipping on the mounting column 1.

[0017] The magnetic adsorption component 60 integrates one or more sets of electromagnet components. By adjusting the current therein, the magnetic adsorption component 60 further enhances the adsorption force of the mounting column 1, thereby improving the adhesion strength under vibration conditions or on wet and slippery surfaces.

[0018] The photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 includes a photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 and a damping hinge 57. The photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 has multiple photovoltaic panel mounting holes 58 for fixing to the photovoltaic power generation panel 2 with bolts. The photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 and the magnetic adsorption component 60 are connected by the damping hinge 57. The photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 can rotate around the axis of the damping hinge 57 to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel 2.

[0019] The front surface of the chassis 39 has an openable chassis cover 62, which is mechanically connected to the chassis 39 via a chassis cover buckle 65; a sealing ring 61 is provided between the chassis cover 62 and the chassis 39.

[0020] The outer surface of the chassis 39 is coated with a waterproof and rust-proof coating; the magnetic field shielding sheet 42 is made of a metal or alloy with high magnetic permeability and coated with an anti-rust coating; or, the magnetic field shielding sheet 42 is made of ferrite powder-polymer composite material.

[0021] The circuit board 41 of the IoT controller 3 is an edge computing motherboard 22; the circuit board 41 of the power controller 4 is a power supply controller motherboard 13; and the circuit board 41 of the sensor controller 5 is an environmental sensor motherboard 27. The edge computing motherboard 22 includes an embedded processor 23, a wireless network adapter 24, and a data storage device 25. The power supply controller motherboard 13 includes an MPPT driver module 14, a battery pack 15, a DC power module 16, an AC power module 17, a power multiplexer 18, a start button 19, a power management unit 20, and a main relay 21. The environmental sensor motherboard 27 includes a sensor signal bus 37, a first sensor transmitter 33, and a second sensor transmitter 35. The wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 includes an ultrasonic airflow sensor 36. The multi-functional environmental sensor 9 includes a temperature and humidity sensor 28, a barometric pressure sensor 29, a light intensity sensor 30, a spectral distribution sensor 31, an oxygen sensor 32, and a carbon dioxide sensor 34.

[0022] The ultrasonic airflow sensor 36 is electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37. It uses multiple sets of solid-state ultrasonic transceivers to detect airflow speed and direction. After signal processing and conversion, it achieves real-time measurement of wind speed and direction.

[0023] The temperature and humidity sensor 28, air pressure sensor 29, light intensity sensor 30, and spectral distribution sensor 31 are installed at corresponding positions in the openings of the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor 9 and are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37, respectively for measuring ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, light intensity, and spectral distribution.

[0024] The sensitive units of the oxygen sensor 32 and carbon dioxide sensor 34 are installed outside the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor 9. They are used to convert the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the air into analog electrical signals proportional to them, and are electrically connected to the first sensor transmitter 33 and the second sensor transmitter 35, respectively. The first sensor transmitter 33 and the second sensor transmitter 35 are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37 for amplification and analog-to-digital conversion of the analog signals.

[0025] The MPPT drive module 14 is connected in series between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the battery pack 15. It automatically adjusts the impedance according to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic panel 2 to maximize the output power of the photovoltaic panel 2. After stabilizing the output voltage and output current, it charges the battery pack 15. The battery pack 15 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 2 and improve the output load performance. The battery pack 15, DC power module 16, and AC power module 17 are electrically connected to the power multiplexer 18, which is used to manage multiple power inputs. The start button 19 is electrically connected to the power management unit 20 and is used to issue start and stop commands to the power management unit 20 in manual mode. The main relay 21 is connected in series between the power multiplexer 18 and the edge computing motherboard 22 and is used to control the power supply to the edge computing motherboard 22.

[0026] The data storage 25 and the wireless network adapter 24 are electrically connected to the embedded processor 23, respectively; the side of the chassis of the sensor controller 5 is provided with a communication antenna 10, which is electrically connected to the wireless network adapter 24 through a high-frequency coaxial cable 26 for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.

[0027] A bus signal extender 38 is connected in series between the environmental sensor motherboard 27 and the edge computing motherboard 22 to realize the electrical connection between the sensor signal bus 37 and the embedded processor 23.

[0028] The bus signal extender 38 is an ASIC chip with isolation drive function, or is built based on a small FPGA, DSC or SOC chip containing programmable logic function.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0030] 1. This utility model uses magnetic adsorption to install and fix equipment components, which has good compatibility with most steel structure facilities and buildings. No drilling or welding operations are required during the installation process, no adhesives are needed, and the integrity and safety of the facility or building structure are not affected. Moreover, the disassembly and assembly are more flexible and can be deployed quickly at any time. For non-steel structure facilities or outdoor scenes, additional steel installation columns can be added for deployment without any modification to the equipment components.

[0031] 2. This utility model adopts photovoltaic power generation and wireless communication, realizing the device's self-powered and wireless networking functions. It can work normally in well-lit facilities or outdoor scenarios without the need to lay any power lines and communication cables. Compared with traditional wired sensor deployment, it is more flexible, simplifies construction steps, reduces installation costs, and does not interfere with daily agricultural operations, thus having better usability.

[0032] 3. This invention uses a sensor signal bus to connect sensor components. Compared to traditional analog signal transmitters or point-to-point sensors, this invention offers superior scalability and sensor compatibility, and improves the interchangeability of environmental parameter acquisition device components. Furthermore, the bus signal extender, based on a programmable logic chip (FPGA or SoC chip containing FPGA), is compatible with sensor modules using multiple protocol modes without requiring hardware circuit modifications or replacements, reducing repeated investment and hardware waste during device upgrades.

[0033] This invention employs an edge computing module as the control and data processing device for sensors, enabling data preprocessing and preliminary analysis to be performed on-site in agriculture. This reduces network I / O usage, lowers the computational load on cloud servers or central servers, and provides higher security and data reliability, thus playing a positive role in promoting agricultural information security. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chassis 39 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the rear end face of the chassis 39 according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical adsorption magnet structure of the magnetic adsorption component 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planar adsorption magnet structure of the magnetic adsorption component 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field of the cylindrical adsorption magnet in the magnetic adsorption component 60 of this utility model embodiment;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system of this utility model.

[0042] The reference numerals in the attached figures are:

[0043] 1. Install support pillars 2. Photovoltaic panels

[0044] 3 IoT controllers 4 power controllers

[0045] 5 Sensor controller 6 First sensor support rod

[0046] 7 Wind speed and direction measurement unit; 8 Second sensor support rod

[0047] 9-in-1 environmental sensor 10-communication antenna

[0048] 11 Sensor support rod extension sleeve 12 Photovoltaic panel mounting module

[0049] 13 Power Supply Controller Mainboard 14 MPPT Driver Module

[0050] 15 Battery packs 16 DC power modules

[0051] 17 AC power supply module 18 Power multi-channel controller

[0052] 19. Start button 20. Power management unit

[0053] 21 Main Relay 22 Edge Computing Mainboard

[0054] 23 Embedded Processor 24 Wireless Network Adapter

[0055] 25 Data storage device 26 High-frequency coaxial cable

[0056] 27 Environmental sensor motherboard 28 Temperature and humidity sensor

[0057] 29 Barometric Pressure Sensor 30 Light Intensity Sensor

[0058] 31 Spectral distribution sensor 32 Oxygen sensor

[0059] 33 First sensor transmitter 34 Carbon dioxide sensor

[0060] 35 Second sensor transmitter 36 Ultrasonic airflow sensor

[0061] 37 Sensor signal bus 38 Bus signal extender

[0062] 39 Chassis enclosure 40 Stud mounting holes

[0063] 41 Circuit board 42 Magnetic field shielding sheet

[0064] 43 Insulating support screw 44 Circuit board fixing screw

[0065] 45 First magnet 46 Second magnet

[0066] 47 Soft magnet backplate 48 Magnet pole shoes

[0067] 49 Flat mounting backplate 50 Mounting holes

[0068] 51 Ring magnet 52 Pole gap

[0069] 53 Central magnet 54 Outer ring magnetic poles

[0070] 55 Adsorption interface 56 Magnetic lines of force

[0071] 57 Damping hinge; 58 Photovoltaic panel mounting holes

[0072] 59 Photovoltaic panel fixing clips 60 Magnetic adsorption components

[0073] 61 Sealing ring 62 Chassis cover plate

[0074] 63 Magnet mounting hole; 64 Magnet mounting position

[0075] 65 chassis cover clips Detailed Implementation

[0076] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and acquisition system, including an installation support 1, a photovoltaic power generation panel 2, an Internet of Things controller 3, a power controller 4, a sensor controller 5, a first sensor support rod 6, a wind speed and direction measurement unit 7, a second sensor support rod 8, a multi-functional environmental sensor 9, a sensor support rod extension sleeve 11, a photovoltaic panel installation module 12, a magnetic field shielding sheet 42, and a magnetic adsorption component 60.

[0078] A ferromagnetic mounting post 1 is vertically positioned in the agricultural environment. The photovoltaic panel 2, mounted on top of the mounting post 1 via a photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 and a magnetic adsorption component 60, is height- and angle-adjustable. It generates photovoltaic power and shields the IoT controller 3, power controller 4, and sensor controller 5 located below, preventing rainwater, condensation, or other liquids sprayed during agricultural activities from entering the equipment. The photovoltaic panel 2 should be placed in a location with ample, unobstructed sunlight, and its angle should be adjusted according to the local geographical location.

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 includes a photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 and a damping hinge 57; the photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 has multiple photovoltaic panel mounting holes 58 for fixing to the photovoltaic power generation panel 2 by bolts; the photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 and the magnetic adsorption component 60 are connected by the damping hinge 57, and the photovoltaic panel fixing clip 59 can rotate around the axis of the damping hinge 57 to realize the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic power generation panel 2.

[0080] like Figure 1 and Figure 3aAs shown, the IoT controller 3, power controller 4, and sensor controller 5 are all composed of a chassis 39, a circuit board 41, and a magnetic field shielding sheet 42. At least one magnetic adsorption component 60 is fixed to the rear outer surface of the chassis 39 for magnetic adsorption onto the mounting support 1. The rear end face of the chassis 39 is provided with multiple stud mounting holes 40 for mounting insulating support screws 43. The circuit board 41 is fixed to the chassis 39 by circuit board fixing screws 44 and insulating support screws 43. A magnetic field shielding sheet 42 is affixed to the entire inner surface of the rear end of the chassis 39 to shield the magnetic field leaked by the magnetic adsorption component 60 and prevent interference to the electrical components on the circuit board 41.

[0081] Preferably, such as Figure 3a As shown, the front surface of the chassis 39 has an openable chassis cover 62, which is mechanically connected to the chassis 39 via a chassis cover clip 65. A sealing ring 61 is provided between the chassis cover 62 and the chassis 39 to prevent external moisture and dust and other contaminants from entering the chassis 39, thereby improving the service life of the internal electrical components.

[0082] Preferably, the sealing ring 61 may be made of a highly durable elastic polymer material and should have low creep to improve the long-term availability of the device.

[0083] like Figure 3b As shown, the rear outer surface of the chassis 39 has multiple magnetic mounting holes 63 for positioning and screw fastening. The magnetic adsorption assembly 60 is fixed to the rear outer surface of the chassis 39 by bolts. Figure 3b The magnet mounting position shown is 64.

[0084] Preferably, the outer surface of the chassis 39 is coated with a waterproof and rust-proof coating.

[0085] The magnetic field shielding sheet 42 is made of a metal or alloy with high magnetic permeability, such as pure iron, pure nickel sheet, silicon steel sheet or amorphous magnetic alloy, etc., and an anti-rust coating should be made on the surface of the above metal sheet to improve the service life of the magnetic field shielding sheet 42.

[0086] The magnetic field shielding sheet 42 can also be made of ferrite powder-polymer composite material, which reduces costs and improves its flexibility, making it easier to fit with the chassis 39.

[0087] like Figure 1As shown, the wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 are fixedly connected to the front end of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8; the rear ends of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 are respectively fixedly connected to a retractable sensor support rod extension sleeve 11; a set of magnetic adsorption components 60 are installed at the rear of the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 to achieve adsorption of the mounting column 1.

[0088] The all-in-one environmental sensor 9 is used to detect parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, light intensity and spectral distribution, oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural environment; the wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 is used to detect the airflow direction and airflow rate in the agricultural environment.

[0089] Preferably, the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 should be made of high-strength, lightweight materials, including but not limited to high-strength aluminum alloy, carbon fiber-resin composite material, and reinforced fiber-resin composite material. The sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 consists of a set of coaxial sleeved metal tubes and is equipped with a damping structure, allowing for length adjustment by pulling out or retracting the metal tubes.

[0090] Preferably, the diameters of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 should be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 to achieve complete retraction of the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11. The first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 should adopt a high-rigidity hollow tube structure to provide sufficient resistance to deformation and improve specific strength.

[0091] The photovoltaic power generation panel 2, the Internet of Things controller 3, and the sensor controller 5 are electrically connected to the power controller 4. The power controller 4 is used to collect and store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and provide a stable output. The wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 are electrically connected to the sensor controller 5. The sensor controller 5 is further electrically connected to the Internet of Things controller 3 to enable the Internet of Things controller 3 to read the sensor data.

[0092] Preferably, the electrical wiring between the sensor controller 5 and the IoT controller 3 can use a multi-core cable to simultaneously meet the needs of power supply and signal communication. As an anti-interference measure, the wiring of the signal communication section should use shielded twisted-pair cable or a similar structure to improve signal quality and system stability.

[0093] like Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when used for mounting on curved surfaces such as round tubes, the magnetic adsorption assembly 60 includes a first magnet 45, a second magnet 46, a soft magnetic backplate 47, and magnetic pole shoes 48. The first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are cuboid bar magnets, with their magnetization directions perpendicular to the front and rear surfaces of the magnets, and the magnetization polarities of the first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are opposite. The first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are fixed to the rear surface of the soft magnetic backplate 47, and the rear surfaces of the first magnet 45 and the second magnet 46 are respectively fixed to a magnetic pole shoe 48 with a curved contact surface, which is used to improve the fit with the curved surface and increase the adsorption strength. The front end of the soft magnetic backplate 47 is bolted to the rear end of the chassis 39.

[0094] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the second magnet 46, the soft magnet back plate 47, the first magnet 45, the magnet pole shoe 48, and the adsorption interface 55 of the mounting column 1 constitute a closed magnetic circuit. The magnetic lines of force 56 are mainly concentrated inside the magnetic adsorption component 60 and the adsorption area of ​​the mounting column 1. The surface of the magnet pole shoe 48 has a high magnetic flux density.

[0095] The first magnet 45, the second magnet 46, the soft magnet back plate 47, and the magnet pole shoe 48 constitute an equivalent U-shaped magnet, which improves the adsorption force while saving the amount of permanent magnet material.

[0096] like Figure 5 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, when used for mounting on a flat or square tube surface, the magnetic adsorption assembly 60 includes a flat mounting backplate 49 and one or more sets of magnetic adsorption units disposed on the flat mounting backplate 49; the magnetic adsorption unit includes a central magnet 53 and an annular magnet 51 surrounding the outside of the central magnet 53, and a magnetic pole gap 52 is provided between the annular magnet 51 and the central magnet 53, the magnetic pole gap 52 being filled with engineering plastic or elastic polymer material to prevent displacement of the annular magnet 51 and the central magnet 53 during installation, and to prevent debris from entering the magnetic pole gap 52 and reducing the adsorption firmness. The flat mounting backplate 49 is made of non-magnetic metal material or high-strength engineering plastic to avoid affecting magnetic adsorption; and multiple mounting holes 50 are provided on the edge of the flat mounting backplate 49 for fixing to the rear end of the chassis 39 by bolts.

[0097] Preferably, the contact interface between the magnetic adsorption component 60 and the mounting post 1 (i.e., the contact interface between the magnet pole shoe 48 and the mounting post 1, and the contact interface between the flat mounting back plate 49 and the mounting post 1) can be coated with a layer of polymer elastomer film, such as rubber, silicone rubber or polyurethane, to improve the friction of the contact interface and prevent the magnetic adsorption component 60 from slipping on the mounting post 1.

[0098] Preferably, the first magnet 45, the second magnet 46, the annular magnet 51 and the central magnet 53 of this invention can be high-performance magnets, such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets (used in normal temperature environments and with low cost) or samarium cobalt (SmCo) permanent magnets (used in environments requiring heat resistance and corrosion resistance).

[0099] Preferably, the first magnet 45, the second magnet 46, the annular magnet 51, and the central magnet 53 of this invention are high-performance magnets, and the total effective adsorption area should be greater than 10 cm². 2 The weight of each individual component of the aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2, IoT controller 3, power controller 4, sensor controller 5, first sensor support rod 6, wind speed and direction measurement unit 7, second sensor support rod 8, and multi-functional environmental sensor 9 should be limited to 1.5-3.5 kg. The adsorption magnet portion of each component should provide an adsorption force of no less than 100-150 N. This adsorption force should fully consider the fit of the contact surfaces and retain a safety margin. For vibrating or slippery surfaces, the adsorption force should be increased to 250-300 N. Considering the end stability of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8, their maximum extension length should be limited to 1.2 m. In practical applications, to avoid hindering normal agricultural operations, this extension distance can be fine-tuned according to actual conditions.

[0100] In another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic adsorption component 60 may integrate one or more sets of electromagnet components. By adjusting the current therein, the magnetic adsorption component 60 can further enhance the adsorption force of the mounting column 1, thereby improving the adhesion strength under vibration conditions or on wet and slippery surfaces.

[0101] Preferably, the IoT controller 3, power controller 4, sensor controller 5, first sensor support rod 6 and second sensor support rod 8 can flexibly change the adsorption position, installation angle, relative position sequence and installation height of the components according to the actual construction environment and usage requirements.

[0102] Preferably, the extension lengths of the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual conditions of the agricultural site, and the front-end wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 can also be finely adjusted in angle to improve environmental adaptability.

[0103] The circuit board 41 of the IoT controller 3 is an edge computing motherboard 22; the circuit board 41 of the power controller 4 is a power supply controller motherboard 13; and the circuit board 41 of the sensor controller 5 is an environmental sensor motherboard 27. Figure 7As shown, the edge computing motherboard 22 includes an embedded processor 23, a wireless network adapter 24, and a data storage device 25; the power supply controller motherboard 13 includes an MPPT driver module 14, a battery pack 15, a DC power module 16, an AC power module 17, a power multiplexer 18, a start button 19, a power management unit 20, and a main relay 21; the environmental sensor motherboard 27 includes a sensor signal bus 37, a first sensor transmitter 33, and a second sensor transmitter 35; the wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 includes an ultrasonic airflow sensor 36; and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 includes a temperature and humidity sensor 28, a barometric pressure sensor 29, a light intensity sensor 30, a spectral distribution sensor 31, an oxygen sensor 32, and a carbon dioxide sensor 34.

[0104] The ultrasonic airflow sensor 36 is electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37. It uses multiple sets of solid-state ultrasonic transceivers to detect airflow speed and direction. After signal processing and conversion, it achieves real-time measurement of wind speed and direction.

[0105] The temperature and humidity sensor 28, air pressure sensor 29, light intensity sensor 30, and spectral distribution sensor 31 are installed at corresponding positions in the openings of the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor 9 and are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37, respectively for measuring ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, light intensity, and spectral distribution.

[0106] The sensitive units of the oxygen sensor 32 and carbon dioxide sensor 34 are installed outside the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor 9. They are used to convert the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the air into analog electrical signals proportional to them, and are electrically connected to the first sensor transmitter 33 and the second sensor transmitter 35, respectively, which amplifies and digitizes the signals.

[0107] The MPPT drive module 14 is connected in series between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the battery pack 15. It automatically adjusts the impedance according to the optimal power point of the photovoltaic panel 2 to maximize the output power of the photovoltaic panel 2. After stabilizing the output voltage and output current, it charges the battery pack 15. The battery pack 15 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 2 and improve the output load performance.

[0108] The battery pack 15, DC power module 16, and AC power module 17 are electrically connected to the power multiplexer 18. The power multiplexer 18 is used to manage multiple power inputs. When one or more of the devices in the battery pack 15, DC power module 16, and AC power module 17 provide power, the device of the present invention can be powered normally.

[0109] Preferably, the battery pack 15 may be composed of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion supercapacitors, conventional supercapacitors, or energy storage devices with similar performance. Its structure may be composed of one or more energy storage units connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel configurations to adapt to different output voltage and power requirements.

[0110] Preferably, as a supplementary measure under low light conditions, when the photovoltaic panel 2 generates insufficient power, the DC power module 16 or AC power module 17 can be connected to an external power source. At this time, the power multiplexer 18 automatically charges the battery pack 15 and maintains the normal operation of the system.

[0111] The start button 19 is electrically connected to the power management unit 20 and is used to issue start and stop commands to the power management unit 20 in manual mode. The main relay 21 is connected in series between the power multiplexer 18 and the edge computing motherboard 22 and is used to control the power supply to the edge computing motherboard 22.

[0112] Preferably, the start button 19 can be connected to an extension cable of a certain length and fixed to the housing of the power controller 4 for convenient on-site operation; the start button 19 can also be connected to a remote control operation component for convenient remote start-up.

[0113] The data storage 25 and the wireless network adapter 24 are electrically connected to the embedded processor 23, respectively.

[0114] The sensor controller 5 has a communication antenna 10 on its side chassis. The communication antenna 10 is electrically connected to the wireless network adapter 24 via a high-frequency coaxial cable 26 and is used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals.

[0115] The embedded processor 23 is used to run supporting algorithm software such as real-time data preprocessing algorithm, lightweight analysis algorithm and data encryption and compression, and to drive and control the wireless network adapter 24 and data storage 25.

[0116] The wireless network adapter 24 is used for radio communication between the device of this utility model and an external network, realizing the reception of control commands and the transmission of sensor monitoring data.

[0117] Preferably, the wireless network adapter 24 may adopt ZigBee or Lo-Ra protocol mode to reduce average power consumption and provide a larger signal coverage range.

[0118] Preferably, the wireless network adapter 24 can use Wi-Fi, 4G, or 5G communication methods to achieve higher information transmission rates and reduce latency.

[0119] Preferably, the wireless network adapter 24 may also adopt a low-density coding model based on the Sub-GHz band to achieve stronger anti-error and anti-interference capabilities, improve signal diffraction and coverage area, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the system.

[0120] Furthermore, the data storage 25 serves as a data cache, storing temporary data and necessary configuration parameters during the operation of the embedded processor 23, and as a supplementary measure when wireless network communication is unsuccessful, to avoid data recording interruption and data loss.

[0121] Preferably, the data storage device 25 can be a non-volatile memory device, such as phase-change memory, quantum barrier memory, or ferroelectric memory, or a combination thereof, to improve system response speed. Alternatively, the data storage device 25 can be a combination of conventional volatile memory such as SRAM, PSRAM, DRAM, and Flash memory to improve system cost-effectiveness.

[0122] Furthermore, the bus signal extender 38 is connected in series between the environmental sensor motherboard 27 and the edge computing motherboard 22 to realize the electrical connection between the sensor signal bus 37 and the embedded processor 23, and is used to realize waveform reshaping and level adaptation of sensor communication signals to improve the reliability and stability of system operation.

[0123] Preferably, the bus signal extender 38 can be an ASIC chip with isolation drive function to simplify system design. For complex signal protocols, the bus signal extender 38 can be built based on a small FPGA, DSC or SOC chip containing programmable logic function to improve the processing speed of multiple complex signals and reduce communication latency.

[0124] Furthermore, the first sensor transmitter 33 and the second sensor transmitter 35 are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus 37 for amplification and analog-to-digital conversion of analog signals.

[0125] Preferably, the sensor signal bus 37 can be in the form of a serial bus such as One-Wire, TWI, I2C, SM-BUS or ME-BUS to simplify circuit complexity.

[0126] Preferably, the sensor signal bus 37 can also be in the form of CAN, RS485 or RS422, etc., to improve the reliability and stability of the bus.

[0127] The working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0128] S1: Installation and Deployment Process

[0129] For field or outdoor applications, mounting post 1 should be installed at the agricultural site. For greenhouse applications, a suitable steel column can be selected inside the greenhouse as mounting post 1. Attach the IoT controller 3, power controller 4, and sensor controller 5 to the appropriate positions on mounting post 1. Attach the first sensor support rod 6 and the second sensor support rod 8 to suitable positions on both sides of mounting post 1. Adjust the sensor support rod extension sleeve 11 to the appropriate length and lock it. Install the wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 at the front end of the first sensor support rod 6; install the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 at the front end of the second sensor support rod 8. After installation, organize the data cables of the wind speed and direction measurement unit 7 and the multi-functional environmental sensor 9 and connect them to the corresponding sockets of the sensor controller 5. Then connect the sensor controller 5 to the IoT controller 3 via the data cable, and install the communication antenna 10 at the RF interface position on the side of the IoT controller 3 housing and tighten it. Finally, connect the output of the power controller 4 to the sensor controller 5 and the IoT controller 3 via the power cable. A photovoltaic panel mounting module 12 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the photovoltaic panel 2 and attached to the mounting support 1. The photovoltaic panel 2 is positioned above the IoT controller 3 and the power controller 4. The photovoltaic panel 2 is then connected to the solar input terminal of the power controller 4, and the data cable and power cable are neatly secured. If the ambient light is poor, the existing power supply line can be connected to the DC power module 16 or the AC power module 17 to achieve wired power supply. After confirming the connection is correct, press the start button 19 to power on the device. At this point, the S1 installation and deployment process is complete.

[0130] S2: Device Start-up and Operation

[0131] S2.1: Device Start-up Procedure

[0132] When phase S1 is completed and the power-on button 19 is pressed, the power management unit 20 sends an enable signal, the main relay 21 closes, and the power controller 4 enters output mode, supplying power to the IoT controller 3 and sensor controller 5. At this time, the IoT controller 3 powers on and runs, the embedded processor 23 starts up, and loads the self-test program from the data memory 25. It performs self-tests on the wireless network adapter 24 and the bus signal extender 38. After the test passes, the embedded processor 23 loads the embedded microkernel operating system, loads the drivers for the wireless network adapter 24 and the bus signal extender 38, and performs initialization. Then, the bus signal extender 38 automatically performs the initialization operation of the sensor signal bus 37 and assigns addresses to the temperature and humidity sensor 28, the air pressure sensor 29, the light intensity sensor 30, the spectral distribution sensor 31, the first sensor transmitter 33, the second sensor transmitter 35, and the ultrasonic airflow sensor 36. At this point, the device startup process is complete.

[0133] S2.2: Equipment Operation Flow

[0134] During normal operation, the first sensor transmitter 33 and the second sensor transmitter 35 sample and convert the analog signals output by the oxygen sensor 32 and the carbon dioxide sensor 34, respectively. The embedded processor 23 sends read commands to the bus signal extender 38, sequentially reading the output values ​​of the temperature and humidity sensor 28, the air pressure sensor 29, the light intensity sensor 30, the spectral distribution sensor 31, the first sensor transmitter 33, the second sensor transmitter 35, and the ultrasonic airflow sensor 36, thereby acquiring environmental sensing data. Each time the bus signal extender 38 completes a round of reading, it triggers the embedded processor 23 via an interrupt and sends the read data to the embedded processor 23. The embedded processor 23 performs preprocessing and statistical analysis on the raw sensor data according to the program, and transfers the raw data, analysis results, and data timestamps into the data storage 25. Simultaneously, the embedded processor 23 connects to an external network through the wireless network adapter 24 and periodically packages the data from the temporary data storage 25 and sends it to a cloud server or a local area network server at the agricultural site, achieving data upload. This process is repeated cyclically in actual operation to achieve real-time monitoring of environmental parameters at the agricultural site.

Claims

1. A non-destructive installation-type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system, characterized in that, The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and acquisition system includes an installation support (1), a photovoltaic power generation panel (2), an Internet of Things controller (3), a power controller (4), a sensor controller (5), a first sensor support rod (6), a wind speed and direction measurement unit (7), a second sensor support rod (8), an all-in-one environmental sensor (9), a sensor support rod extension sleeve (11), a photovoltaic panel installation module (12), a magnetic field shielding sheet (42), and a magnetic adsorption component (60). The ferromagnetic mounting post (1) is vertically arranged in the agricultural environment; the photovoltaic power generation panel (2) is installed on the upper part of the mounting post (1) with adjustable height and angle through the photovoltaic panel mounting module (12) and magnetic adsorption component (60), for photovoltaic power generation and to shield the Internet of Things controller (3), power controller (4) and sensor controller (5) located below it. The IoT controller (3), power controller (4) and sensor controller (5) are all composed of a chassis (39), a circuit board (41) and a magnetic shield (42); at least one magnetic adsorption component (60) is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the rear end of the chassis (39) to achieve magnetic adsorption on the mounting support (1); the circuit board (41) is fixedly attached to the chassis (39) by an insulating support screw (43); a magnetic shield (42) is attached to the entire inner surface of the rear end of the chassis (39) to shield the magnetic field leaked by the magnetic adsorption component (60) and prevent the electrical components on the circuit board (41) from being interfered with; The wind speed and direction measurement unit (7) and the multi-functional environmental sensor (9) are fixed to the front end of the first sensor support rod (6) and the second sensor support rod (8); the rear ends of the first sensor support rod (6) and the second sensor support rod (8) are respectively fixed to a telescopic sensor support rod extension sleeve (11); a set of magnetic adsorption components (60) are installed at the rear of the sensor support rod extension sleeve (11) to achieve adsorption of the mounting column (1); The photovoltaic power generation panel (2), the Internet of Things controller (3) and the sensor controller (5) are electrically connected to the power controller (4) respectively; the wind speed and direction measurement unit (7) and the all-in-one environmental sensor (9) are electrically connected to the sensor controller (5); the sensor controller (5) is further electrically connected to the Internet of Things controller (3).

2. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When used for mounting on the curved surface of a circular tube, the magnetic adsorption assembly (60) includes a first magnet (45), a second magnet (46), a soft magnet backplate (47), and a magnet pole piece (48); the first magnet (45) and the second magnet (46) are cuboid bar magnets, whose magnetization direction is perpendicular to the front and rear surfaces of the magnet, and the magnetization polarity directions of the first magnet (45) and the second magnet (46) are opposite; the first magnet (45) and the second magnet (46) are fixed to the rear surface of the soft magnet backplate (47), and the rear surfaces of the first magnet (45) and the second magnet (46) are respectively fixed to a magnet pole piece (48) with a curved contact surface; the front end of the soft magnet backplate (47) is bolted to the rear end of the chassis (39).

3. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When used for mounting on a flat or square tube surface, the magnetic adsorption assembly (60) includes a flat mounting back plate (49) and one or more sets of magnetic adsorption units disposed on the flat mounting back plate (49); the magnetic adsorption unit includes a central magnet (53) and an annular magnet (51) surrounding the outside of the central magnet (53), and there is a magnetic pole gap (52) between the annular magnet (51) and the central magnet (53).

4. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact interface between the magnetic adsorption component (60) and the mounting support (1) is coated with a layer of polymer elastomer film.

5. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic adsorption component (60) integrates one or more sets of electromagnet components.

6. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel mounting module (12) includes a photovoltaic panel fixing clip (59) and a damping hinge (57); the photovoltaic panel fixing clip (59) has multiple photovoltaic panel mounting holes (58) for fixing to the photovoltaic power generation panel (2) by bolts; the photovoltaic panel fixing clip (59) and the magnetic adsorption component (60) are connected by the damping hinge (57).

7. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front surface of the chassis (39) has an openable chassis cover (62), which is mechanically connected to the chassis (39) by a chassis cover buckle (65); a sealing ring (61) is provided between the chassis cover (62) and the chassis (39).

8. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the chassis (39) is coated with a waterproof and rust-proof coating; the magnetic field shield (42) is made of a metal or alloy with high magnetic permeability and coated with an anti-rust coating; or, the magnetic field shield (42) is made of ferrite powder-polymer composite material.

9. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board (41) of the IoT controller (3) is an edge computing motherboard (22); the circuit board (41) of the power controller (4) is a power supply controller motherboard (13); and the circuit board (41) of the sensor controller (5) is an environmental sensor motherboard (27). The edge computing motherboard (22) includes an embedded processor (23), a wireless network adapter (24), and a data storage device (25). The power supply controller motherboard (13) includes an MPPT driver module (14), a battery pack (15), a DC power supply module (16), and an AC power supply module (17). The system includes a power multiplexer (18), a start button (19), a power management unit (20), and a main relay (21); the environmental sensor motherboard (27) includes a sensor signal bus (37), a first sensor transmitter (33), and a second sensor transmitter (35); the wind speed and direction measurement unit (7) includes an ultrasonic airflow sensor (36); and the multi-functional environmental sensor (9) includes a temperature and humidity sensor (28), a barometric pressure sensor (29), a light intensity sensor (30), a spectral distribution sensor (31), an oxygen sensor (32), and a carbon dioxide sensor (34). The ultrasonic airflow sensor (36) is electrically connected to the sensor signal bus (37); The temperature and humidity sensor (28), air pressure sensor (29), light intensity sensor (30), and spectral distribution sensor (31) are installed at the corresponding positions of the openings in the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor (9) and are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus (37). The sensitive units of the oxygen sensor (32) and carbon dioxide sensor (34) are installed outside the housing of the all-in-one environmental sensor (9) and are electrically connected to the first sensor transmitter (33) and the second sensor transmitter (35) respectively; the first sensor transmitter (33) and the second sensor transmitter (35) are electrically connected to the sensor signal bus (37). The MPPT drive module (14) is connected in series between the photovoltaic power generation panel (2) and the battery pack (15). The battery pack (15), DC power module (16), and AC power module (17) are electrically connected to the power multiplexer (18) respectively. The start button (19) is electrically connected to the power management unit (20). The main relay (21) is connected in series between the power multiplexer (18) and the edge computing motherboard (22). The data storage (25) and the wireless network adapter (24) are electrically connected to the embedded processor (23) respectively; the side of the chassis of the sensor controller (5) is provided with a communication antenna (10), and the communication antenna (10) and the wireless network adapter (24) are electrically connected through a high-frequency coaxial cable (26); A bus signal extender (38) is connected in series between the environmental sensor motherboard (27) and the edge computing motherboard (22) to realize the electrical connection between the sensor signal bus (37) and the embedded processor (23).

10. The non-destructive installation type agricultural environmental monitoring and data acquisition system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bus signal extender (38) is an ASIC chip with isolation drive function, or is built based on a small FPGA, DSC or SOC chip containing programmable logic function.

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