A segmented column infiltration device with dynamic adjustment of compaction degree of porous medium

Abstract

The utility model discloses a segmented type cylinder infiltration device with dynamic adjustable compaction degree of porous medium belongs to soil moisture migration monitoring technical field, has solved that the existing device is easy to form gas resistance effect because of the gas retention of soil pore in the wetting front advancing stage, lacks the gas guide and exhaust device, leads to the saturation process from bottom to top and is long in time consumption and is easy to form the non -uniform saturated area, the accuracy of seepage parameter test is influenced significantly, and the experimental efficiency is low, and the experimental period is too long Problem, through adopting segmented type acrylic glass cylinder structure, can adjust height to simulate greater than 1m deep soil layer environment, cooperate the axial pressure of screw compaction mechanism and the circumferential rotation compound compaction function, accurate reappears deep soil in -situ stress state, promotes soil pressure simulation precision, has the characteristics such as good compaction uniformity, convenient operation, buffer protection, visualization and detachable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil moisture transport monitoring technology, specifically to a segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional laboratory methods for measuring seepage typically involve placing porous media into a fixed-size cylindrical permeameter, utilizing the gravitational potential of water to drive water flow through the head difference between the upper and lower ends, and then calculating the permeability coefficient. In existing technologies, soil seepage characteristic testing devices generally employ fixed-size closed container structures, whose height is usually limited to the simulation needs of shallow soil layers less than 1m. This makes it difficult to reproduce the in-situ stress environment of deep soil layers, thus limiting the applicability of deep soil pressure simulations and failing to adequately reflect the stress characteristics of porous media under deep burial conditions. Meanwhile, existing devices are prone to gas resistance effects due to gas retention in soil pores during the wetting front propagation stage. The lack of gas guiding and venting devices results in a prolonged bottom-up saturation process and the formation of non-uniform saturation zones, significantly affecting the accuracy of seepage parameter measurements, leading to low experimental efficiency and excessively long experimental cycles. Furthermore, for complex geological conditions with strata in the soil profile, traditional devices cannot dynamically reproduce the dynamic expansion and contraction and morphological changes of the strata under different earth pressures. This restricts the refined study of the permeability characteristics of the strata and fails to meet the research needs of fields such as farmland irrigation, geological engineering, and other fields requiring research on complex soil hydrological processes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree for porous media, comprising a multifunctional base, a transparent column, and a screw compaction mechanism. The multifunctional base integrates an inlet valve, a drain valve, an L-shaped vent valve, supporting feet, and a porous partition. The inlet valve is located on the left side of the base for connecting to an external water source, facilitating the upward saturation of water within the porous medium. A drain valve is located on the bottom right edge of the base to discharge seepage liquid, and an vent valve is located on the upper right side to eliminate air resistance. Three supporting feet are fixedly installed at the bottom of the base to adapt to non-horizontal terrain and ensure vertical stability during infiltration. The porous partition is fixedly connected to the top of the base to prevent fine particles from the porous medium from leaking out with the water flow. A rubber ring is embedded in the upper part of the base to further prevent leakage at the flange connection.

[0004] Furthermore, the transparent column adopts a segmented splicing structure and is vertically fixed to the multifunctional base via flanges. Specifically, it can be composed of multiple acrylic glass columns; in this specification, the device adopts a three-segment design. Rubber rings are provided on the surface of the acrylic glass columns to prevent water leakage. The acrylic glass columns are equipped with L-shaped exhaust pipes and outflow sampling ports. One end of the L-shaped exhaust pipe is vertically connected to the upper left side of the acrylic glass column and consists of an L-shaped branch pipe and an on / off ball valve. The other end of the L-shaped exhaust pipe is vertically upward and fixedly equipped with an on / off ball valve. When the water level does not exceed the opening, it can expel trapped gas in the soil to reduce the capillary barrier effect; when the water level exceeds the limit, it serves to prevent overflow. Outflow sampling ports are intermittently provided on the right side of the acrylic glass column to collect outflow liquid samples. The surface of the acrylic glass column is designed with graduations for observing the compaction deformation and wetting front migration of porous media.

[0005] Furthermore, the screw compaction mechanism includes a compaction cylinder, a rotating handwheel, a positioning screw, an upper perforated compaction plate, a compression spring, a hexagonal bolt, a bubble level, and a lower perforated compaction plate. The compaction cylinder has a water injection hole at its upper end and is fitted with a hexagonal bolt for injecting water from top to bottom. The lower end of the screw is fixedly connected to the upper perforated compaction plate, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the rotating handwheel. A compression spring is located at the bottom of the upper perforated compaction plate, and a lower perforated compaction plate is located at the bottom of the compression spring. The surfaces of the upper and lower perforated compaction plates have permeable holes to facilitate the uniform entry of water into the porous medium from top to bottom. The edges of the upper and lower perforated compaction plates are made of flexible silicone material to reduce friction between the compaction plates and the sidewalls and to block water. A bubble level is installed at the center of the upper end of the rotating handwheel to determine if the device is horizontal and stable. The screw compaction mechanism is connected to the top of the transparent column via a flange; the rotating handwheel drives the screw to move axially up and down. Beneficial effects

[0006] 1. This utility model provides a segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree for porous media. It adopts a segmented acrylic glass column structure, which can flexibly adjust the height to simulate soil environments deeper than 1m. Combined with the axial pressure and circumferential rotation compound compaction function of the screw compaction mechanism, it accurately reproduces the in-situ stress state of deep soil, improves the accuracy of soil pressure simulation, and has the characteristics of good compaction uniformity, convenient operation, buffer protection, visualization and disassembly.

[0007] 2. This utility model provides a segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree for porous media. Through its splicing design, it can construct complex geological profiles containing strata. Combined with its transparent visualization characteristics, it allows for real-time observation of the deformation of the strata under different pressures and the propagation process of the wetting front of the infiltrating water. An L-shaped vent pipe is added to the acrylic glass column to efficiently remove trapped gas from soil pores, shortening the time required for porous media saturation. The overall device integrates deep soil pressure simulation, complex strata evolution observation, and gas resistance elimination, meeting the needs of refined research on complex soil hydrological processes in fields such as farmland irrigation, geological engineering, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional base structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the acrylic glass column structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the screw compaction mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a top view of the screw compactor of this utility model.

[0010] In the diagram: 1. Multifunctional base; 11. Inlet valve; 12. Drain valve; 13. L-shaped exhaust valve; 14. Support feet; 15. Perforated partition; 2. Transparent column; 21. Acrylic glass column; 211. L-shaped exhaust pipe; 212. Outflow sampling port; 3. Screw compaction mechanism; 31. Compaction cylinder; 32. Rotary handwheel; 33. Positioning screw; 34. Upper perforated compaction plate; 35. Compression spring; 36. Hex bolt; 37. Bubble level; 38. Lower perforated compaction plate. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. Example

[0013] This embodiment provides a segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree for porous media, such as... Figures 1 to 5 As shown. Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the device, which includes a multi-functional base 1, a transparent column 2, and a screw compaction mechanism 3.

[0014] refer to Figure 2 The multifunctional base 1 integrates a water inlet valve 11, a drain valve 12, an L-shaped vent valve 13, supporting feet 14, and a porous partition 15. The water inlet valve 11 is installed through the left side of the multifunctional base 1 to connect to an external water source, facilitating the upward saturation of water within the porous medium. The drain valve 12 is located at the bottom right edge of the multifunctional base 1 to drain seepage liquid, and the L-shaped vent valve 13 is located at the upper right side of the base to eliminate air resistance. Three supporting feet 14 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the multifunctional base 1 to adapt to non-horizontal terrain and ensure vertical stability during the infiltration process. The porous partition 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the multifunctional base 1 to prevent fine particles of the porous medium from leaking out with the water flow. A rubber ring is embedded in the upper part of the multifunctional base 1 to further prevent leakage at the flange connection.

[0015] The compaction cylinder 31 is located at the top of the transparent column 2. The upper end of the positioning screw 33 is connected to the rotating handwheel 32, and the lower end extends into the compaction cylinder 31 and is connected to the upper perforated compaction plate 34. The positioning screw 33 and the compaction cylinder 31 are threaded together. The bottom of the upper perforated compaction plate 34 is provided with a compression spring 35. The bottom of the compression spring 35 is provided with a lower perforated compaction plate 38. The surfaces of the upper perforated compaction plate 34 and the lower perforated compaction plate 38 are provided with water-permeable holes, and the edges are made of flexible silicone material. A rubber sealing ring is embedded at the connection between the supporting foot 14 and the porous partition 15.

[0016] refer to Figure 3The transparent column 2 adopts a segmented splicing structure and is vertically fixed to the multifunctional base 1 via flanges. Specifically, it can be spliced ​​from multiple acrylic glass columns 21. In this specification, the device adopts a three-segment design. The surface of the acrylic glass column 21 is provided with a rubber ring to prevent water leakage. The acrylic glass column 21 is equipped with an L-shaped exhaust pipe 211 and an outflow sampling port 212. One end of the L-shaped exhaust pipe 211 is vertically connected to the upper left side of the acrylic glass column 21 and consists of an L-shaped branch pipe and an on / off ball valve. The other end of the L-shaped exhaust pipe 211 is vertically upward and fixedly equipped with an on / off ball valve. When the water level does not exceed the opening, it can expel the soil-retained gas to reduce the capillary barrier effect; when the water level exceeds the limit, it plays a role in preventing overflow. The right side of the acrylic glass column 21 is intermittently provided with outflow sampling ports 212 for collecting outflow liquid samples. The surface of the acrylic glass column 21 is designed with graduations for observing the compaction deformation and wetting front migration of porous media.

[0017] refer to Figures 4 to 5 The screw compaction mechanism 3 includes a compaction cylinder 31, a rotating handwheel 32, a positioning screw 33, an upper-perforated compaction plate 34, a compression spring 35, a hexagonal bolt 36, a bubble level 37, and a lower-perforated compaction plate 38. The compaction cylinder 31 has a water injection hole at its upper end and is fitted with the hexagonal bolt 36 for injecting water from top to bottom. The positioning screw 33 has the upper-perforated compaction plate 34 fixedly connected to its lower end and the rotating handwheel 32 fixedly connected to its upper end. The upper-perforated compaction plate 34 has evenly distributed permeable holes on its surface, facilitating the uniform entry of water into the porous medium from top to bottom. The edges of the upper-perforated compaction plate 34 are made of flexible silicone material to reduce friction between the compaction plate and the edges. The friction between the walls also serves to block moisture; a bubble level 37 is installed at the center of the upper end of the rotating handwheel 32 to determine whether the device is horizontal and stable; a compression spring 35 is sleeved on the outside of the positioning screw 33; the bottom of the compression spring 35 is fixedly connected to the lower perforated compaction plate 38, which has the same specifications and material as the upper perforated compaction plate; the screw compaction mechanism 3 is connected to the top of the transparent column 2 through a flange; the positioning screw 33 is driven to move axially up and down by rotating the handwheel 32, and the pressure is adjusted by the compression spring 35 to control the degree of compaction, thereby realizing the combination of axial pressure and circumferential rotation of the perforated compaction plate 34. Example

[0018] This embodiment provides the usage method and working principle of the device described in the above embodiment; Bottom-up saturation: Adjust the support feet 14 and use a bubble level 37 to check the levelness, ensuring the column installation device is perpendicular to the ground surface. Based on the required simulated soil thickness, select an appropriate number of acrylic glass columns 21 and connect them sequentially via flanges to form a transparent column 2. Vertically install the transparent column 2 above the multi-functional base 1. Fill the transparent column 2 with the porous medium to be tested and install the screw compaction mechanism 3 directly above the transparent column 1. Rotate the handwheel 32 of the screw compaction mechanism 3 to apply downward pressure to the upper perforated compaction plate 34. Observe the compression amount of the compression spring 35 and the porous medium through the transparent column 2 until the required compression level is achieved. Then, place the multi-functional base 1... The water inlet valve 11 at the bottom of the functional base 1 is connected to an external water source. Water flows into the multifunctional base 1 through the water inlet valve 11. During this process, the L-shaped vent valve 13 of the multifunctional base 1 remains open. After the liquid level in the L-shaped vent valve 13 of the multifunctional base 1 is consistent with the porous baffle 15 above, the valve is closed, and the L-shaped vent pipes 211 of all the glass columns above are opened. After the liquid level covers the inner cavity of the base, it gradually rises through soil capillary action. Continuous water injection drives the soil pore gas to be discharged through the L-shaped vent pipes 211 until a stable saturated seepage field is formed. When outflow is detected at the other end of the L-shaped vent pipe 211, overflow protection is achieved synchronously by adjusting the ball valve of the L-shaped branch pipe 211, and the seepage liquid is obtained by combining the outflow sampling port 213. This device simulates the natural seepage process through bottom immersion water injection, and reproduces the in-situ state of the soil by combining a layered compaction structure, eliminating the airlock effect and realizing visual observation of capillary rise and independent measurement of multiple parameters.

[0019] Infiltration from top to bottom: This device can also be used for traditional water infiltration experiments, mainly to determine soil permeability parameters (such as permeability coefficient, saturated hydraulic conductivity), dynamic changes in infiltration rate, and soil water holding characteristics.

[0020] Following the horizontal calibration procedure in Example 1, the device was assembled and compacted after filling with soil. The hexagonal bolts 36 on the upper part of the water inlet of the compaction cylinder 31 were unscrewed and connected to an external water source. Infiltrating water entered the compaction cylinder 31 and evenly infiltrated into the transparent column 2 through the permeable holes on the surfaces of the upper and lower perforated compaction plates 34 and 38. During infiltration, all L-shaped vent valves 211 of the acrylic glass columns 21 were closed, the water inlet valve 11 of the multi-functional base 1 was closed, and the L-shaped vent valve 13 of the multi-functional base 1 was opened. When the infiltrated liquid filled the entire base of the multi-functional base 1, the vent valves were closed. For sampling, the drain valve 12 at the bottom of the multi-functional base 1 was opened to collect the infiltrated liquid. If it is necessary to collect the infiltrated water from a specific acrylic glass column 21, all valves below that glass column must be closed. After the infiltrated water saturates to the soil layer level, the outflowing water sample is collected. By observing data such as the location of the wetting front and the change in infiltration amount over time during the infiltration process, and combining Darcy's law or infiltration models, the characteristics of soil moisture movement can be quantitatively described, providing basic parameters for research on agricultural irrigation, soil and water conservation, etc.

[0021] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree for porous media, characterized in that, It includes a multi-functional base (1) and is equipped with an inlet valve (11), a drain valve (12), an L-shaped exhaust valve (13), a support foot (14) and a perforated partition (15). The transparent column (2) adopts a segmented splicing structure and is vertically set above the multifunctional base (1); The screw compaction mechanism (3) is located on the top of the transparent column (2) and is used to compact the porous medium inside the column.

2. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet valve (11) and the drain valve (12) are both located on the bottom outside of the multi-functional base (1) and are connected to the inside of the multi-functional base (1), respectively for connecting to the external water source and draining liquid; the L-shaped exhaust valve (13) is located on the upper outside for exhaust; the bottom of the multi-functional base (1) is provided with at least three supporting feet (14) and the top is provided with a perforated partition (15).

3. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transparent column (2) is made of multiple acrylic glass columns (21) connected by flanges. The surface of the column is marked with scales and is equipped with an L-shaped exhaust pipe (211) and an outflow sampling port (212).

4. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 3, characterized in that, The L-shaped exhaust pipe (211) is connected at one end to the upper end of the acrylic glass column (21), and at the other end is vertically upward and equipped with an on / off ball valve for exhausting or preventing overflow.

5. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outflow sampling port (212) is intermittently set along the right side of the column to collect seepage liquid samples at different heights.

6. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 5, characterized in that, The screw compaction mechanism (3) includes a compaction cylinder (31), a rotating handwheel (32), a positioning screw (33), an upper-perforated compaction plate (34), a compression spring (35), a hexagonal bolt (36), a bubble level (37), and a lower-perforated compaction plate (38).

7. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 6, characterized in that, The compaction cylinder (31) is set on the top of the transparent column (2). The upper end of the positioning screw (33) is connected to the rotating handwheel (32), and the lower end extends into the compaction cylinder (31) and is connected to the upper perforated compaction plate (34). The positioning screw (33) is threadedly connected to the compaction cylinder (31). The bottom of the upper perforated compaction plate (34) is provided with a compression spring (35). The bottom of the compression spring (35) is provided with a lower perforated compaction plate (38). The surfaces of the upper perforated compaction plate (34) and the lower perforated compaction plate (38) are provided with water-permeable holes, and the edges are made of flexible silicone material.

8. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper center of the rotating handwheel (32) is equipped with a bubble level (37) for detecting the horizontal state of the device.

9. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 8, characterized in that, A rubber sealing ring is embedded at the connection between the supporting foot (14) and the porous partition (15).

10. The segmented column infiltration device with dynamically adjustable compaction degree of porous media according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper end of the compaction cylinder (31) is provided with a water injection hole and is equipped with hexagonal bolts (36) for connecting to an external water source.

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