An anti-seepage reconstruction and on-line monitoring and early warning system for soil and groundwater pollution in a typical karst area

Abstract

The utility model discloses a typical karst region soil groundwater pollution anti -infiltration reconstruction and on -line monitoring early warning system, including karst region water pressure monitoring system, anti -infiltration layer leakage on -line monitoring system, groundwater quality on -line monitoring early warning system, data platform, power supply system. Water pressure monitoring system is through monitoring well and sensor real -time monitoring pressure variation, and anti -infiltration layer leakage monitoring system is positioned leakage point with the help of HDPE membrane upper and lower voltage signal and sensor cable, and water quality monitoring system is through the water and detection unit monitoring key index, and each system data transmission to data platform realizes linkage early warning. The system has promoted the integration and intelligent level of karst region pollution monitoring, and is suitable for southwest karst region pollution prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of groundwater pollution prevention and control equipment in karst areas, specifically to a typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system, which is applicable to soil and groundwater pollution monitoring and control in geologically complex areas such as the karst areas in Southwest China. Background Technology

[0002] The Southwest Karst Region, the world's largest contiguous area of ​​exposed carbonate rocks, spans multiple provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. It features deep deposits of soluble rock strata and a humid tropical-subtropical landform. The region's karst and fissure water recharge pathways are complex, and pollutant runoff is highly concealed. Coupled with frequent metal mining and processing activities, heavy metals easily infiltrate through the soil, polluting groundwater. Furthermore, the Southwest Karst Region is ecologically fragile, crisscrossed by underground fissures and conduits, and experiences significant seasonal fluctuations in water and gas pressure, leading to a worsening groundwater pollution situation, making environmental protection an urgent priority.

[0003] Currently, my country's focus in groundwater pollution prevention and control is concentrated in plains and coastal areas. Relevant work has not yet been carried out systematically in the karst areas of the southwest, leaving a technological gap in the overall pollution situation and the identification of groundwater pollution sources. Adaptive technical support is urgently needed.

[0004] In karst seepage prevention projects, karst collapse is a major threat: changes in water level cause high-frequency vibrations in the water and air pressure within cavities, leading to the loss of the overlying soil layer, forming soil cavities, and ultimately inducing collapse, which can easily damage the seepage prevention layer. For such sudden pollution leaks, a precise monitoring and early warning system is urgently needed to assist in rapid response.

[0005] Existing research is mostly limited to theoretical models of pressure pulsation in karst cavities, lacking evaluation and balance systems for water and gas pressure conduction and drainage effects in the southwest region; groundwater pollution early warning mainly relies on water quality trend analysis, lacking real-time automatic monitoring capabilities and a complete early warning mechanism, making it difficult to respond to sudden pollution events.

[0006] In summary, given the geological characteristics of karst areas, the development of integrated systems for water and gas pressure monitoring, seepage prevention layer leakage monitoring, and online groundwater early warning is urgently needed to address the challenges of continuous monitoring and intelligent applications, prevent damage to seepage prevention layers, and provide pollution emergency control solutions.

[0007] The above background information is provided only to aid in understanding the inventive concept and technical solution of this utility model. It does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application. In the absence of clear evidence that the above information was disclosed on the filing date of this patent application, the above background information should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application. Utility Model Content

[0008] The main purpose of this utility model is to propose a typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system to solve the technical problems of the prior art, such as lack of systematic online monitoring in the southwestern karst area, insufficient monitoring of the correlation between water and air pressure, seepage prevention layer leakage and groundwater quality, delayed early warning response and weak data integration capability.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system includes:

[0011] (1) A water and gas pressure monitoring system for karst areas, the system including a water and gas pressure monitoring well, a piezometer buried in the monitoring well, a water and gas pressure drainage device arranged in parallel with the monitoring well, and a ground data acquisition device in the general building;

[0012] (2) An online monitoring system for seepage in the impermeable layer, the system comprising a signal transmitting device, a signal receiving device, and a data acquisition and data processing unit located in the comprehensive building;

[0013] (3) A groundwater quality online monitoring and early warning system for karst areas, the system comprising a water extraction and distribution unit, a detection unit located in a comprehensive building, a control unit, and a data transmission unit;

[0014] (4) Data platform: The three systems are connected to the same data platform through the data acquisition and transmission unit. The data platform is an operating system that integrates data and status acquisition, processing and various report generation, and adopts a hardware architecture of "one center, three platforms and multiple terminals".

[0015] (5) Power supply system.

[0016] Preferably, in the karst area water-gas pressure monitoring system:

[0017] (1) The piezometer is fixed in the monitoring well by a stainless steel bracket, the probe is inserted into the karst pipe, and the sampling frequency is ≥10Hz;

[0018] (2) The water and gas pressure drainage device is a drainage well arranged in parallel with the monitoring well, and the distance between the monitoring well and the water and gas pressure drainage well at the same point does not exceed 2m;

[0019] (3) The comprehensive room is equipped with an automated data acquisition instrument, a data acquisition management system and a portable computer. The piezometer is connected to the automated data acquisition instrument through the piezometer cable. The automated data acquisition instrument is connected to the data acquisition management system through a multi-core cable and is equipped with a grounding rod.

[0020] Preferably, the ground data acquisition device is a waterproof sealed box with an IP65 protection rating, and the internal data acquisition unit is equipped with RS232 / 485, GPRS and TCP / IP interface modules.

[0021] Preferably, the data acquisition and management system is connected to an external communication network via a wired network; the automated data acquisition instrument is connected to a portable computer via a USB or RS232 interface.

[0022] Preferably, in the online monitoring system for leakage of the impermeable layer:

[0023] (1) The thickness of the HDPE geomembrane is ≥1.5mm. The emitter on the membrane and the emitter under the membrane are stainless steel discs. The emitter is buried above and below the geotextile of the geomembrane layer.

[0024] (2) The sensor cable is a twisted pair shielded cable, which is laid in a grid pattern on the top and bottom of the membrane. The cable joint is sealed by a waterproof junction box.

[0025] (3) After the sensor cables are collected, they are connected to the terminal or multi-channel hub in the general office. The terminal or multi-channel hub is connected to the portable reading device and the data logger respectively.

[0026] Preferably, the data logger communicates with the management system, personal PC, and mobile APP via a network.

[0027] Preferably, in the groundwater quality online monitoring and early warning system:

[0028] (1) The detection unit consists of automatic monitoring instruments that meet the requirements of each detection item. The automatic monitoring instruments are online water quality monitoring equipment, which are equipped with pH analyzer, arsenic analyzer, lead analyzer, zinc analyzer and cadmium analyzer.

[0029] (2) The water sampling pipe is connected to the online water quality monitoring equipment in the integrated building, and the online water quality monitoring equipment is connected to the terminal or multi-channel hub box.

[0030] Preferably, the data platform integrates an IoT module and a touch screen, supports data storage, display, and early warning signal output, and connects the three subsystems via wired or wireless means; it has functions such as on-site data acquisition, remote control, data analysis, report generation, and alarm, and realizes data transmission and early warning release through wireless networks such as 4G / 5G / GPRS.

[0031] Preferably, the power supply system is powered by municipal electricity or solar panels, equipped with an MPPT charge / discharge controller, and forms a dual power supply mode with the AC power adapter, which connects to the three subsystems and the data platform respectively.

[0032] Preferably, the integrated room is a brick-concrete or container-type computer room, which centrally deploys automated data acquisition instruments, terminals or multi-channel hubs, data recorders and other equipment, and uniformly provides wired network, 4G / 5G / GPRS / VPN wireless network and power supply interface.

[0033] Technical principle:

[0034] This invention is based on a closed-loop logic of "monitoring-early warning-intervention," with three subsystems working collaboratively. The technical principle is as follows:

[0035] 1. Principle of Karst Water and Gas Pressure Monitoring System

[0036] Monitoring wells are deployed in the central karst development area, with piezometer sensors embedded in the karst fissures to collect real-time dynamic data on water and gas pressure within the cavities. When the pressure change exceeds a preset critical value (calculated based on the collapse coefficient K and water level fluctuation), the data platform triggers an early warning and simultaneously activates adjacent water and gas pressure drainage devices. Pressure is released or replenished through drainage wells to balance the negative pressure caused by the drop in groundwater level, preventing the expansion of soil cavities and karst collapse. Data is transmitted to the platform via RS232 / 485, GPRS, and other methods, enabling dynamic monitoring and intelligent intervention.

[0037] 2. Principle of Online Monitoring System for Leakage in Seepage Prevention Layer

[0038] A stable voltage signal is applied to both sides of the HDPE geomembrane via a signal transmitter. HDPE is a high-resistivity material, and under normal conditions, no current flows through it. When the membrane is damaged, current forms a loop through the leakage channel, causing an abnormal potential near the leak. A sensor cable captures the abnormal potential signal, and after analysis by the data processing unit, the leak point can be accurately located. This information is then transmitted to the management system via a 4G / 5G network, enabling real-time early warning and rapid repair of leaks.

[0039] 3. Principle of Online Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Early Warning System

[0040] The water sampling and distribution unit extracts groundwater via sampling pumps, which is then pre-treated through a sedimentation tank and filter before being sent to the detection unit to prevent pipe blockage and sensor contamination. The detection unit monitors indicators such as pH, arsenic, lead, zinc, and cadmium using electrode and spectroscopic methods. The signals are converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control unit, where they are processed and uploaded to the data platform. When an indicator exceeds a preset threshold, the system issues warnings through multiple channels, including SMS, mobile app, and large screens, to guide emergency pollution control.

[0041] 4. Data platform and integrated building

[0042] The data platform integrates data from the three systems to provide unified support for intervention decisions, enabling effective linkage and sharing of data from each system, and ensuring the efficient operation of the entire technical solution from monitoring to early warning to intervention in a complete closed loop.

[0043] Technological innovation points:

[0044] 1. Overcoming the challenge of evaluating water-gas pressure balance in karst areas

[0045] Focusing on key factors such as the collapse coefficient K value, the ratio of ventilation hole diameter to karst cavity diameter, the instantaneous change rate of groundwater and gas pressure, and water level fluctuation, a water and gas pressure evaluation model is established to optimize the design of water and gas pressure drainage devices, providing a scientific basis for stability monitoring and early warning of seepage prevention and barrier projects.

[0046] 2. Breaking through the limitations of traditional monitoring technologies

[0047] (1) To address the problem of complex geology and difficulty in locating seepage in karst areas, online monitoring equipment is used to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of water and air pressure and seepage in the anti-seepage layer, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional methods.

[0048] (2) To solve the problem of difficulty in real-time monitoring of water quality changes, water quality anomalies can be quickly detected by using online water quality monitoring and early warning technology, providing timely decision support for pollution prevention and control.

[0049] 3. Achieve multi-domain data integration and intelligent management

[0050] By integrating databases in the fields of environmental and groundwater pollution prevention and control, we can break down data fragmentation barriers and improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data analysis; by creating a visualization system to present data in an intuitive form, and by combining IoT and cloud computing technologies, we can achieve intelligent monitoring and management of remote karst areas and solve the problem of continuous follow-up monitoring.

[0051] 4. Establish a full-chain monitoring and prevention system

[0052] (1) Establish a water and gas pressure balance evaluation system for karst areas, clarify the relationship between water and gas pressure changes and drainage effects, and provide support for preventing karst collapse.

[0053] (2) Establish an online monitoring and early warning system for seepage prevention, monitor leakage in real time and issue early warnings to reduce leakage losses.

[0054] (3) Establish an online water quality monitoring and early warning system to ensure water quality safety and provide strong support for environmental protection and water resource management.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art include:

[0056] 1. Improved system integration efficiency

[0057] The three systems are integrated into the same platform, sharing a common building and data platform, reducing redundant equipment deployment, lowering maintenance costs, adapting to the complex field environment of karst areas, and constructing a full-chain monitoring system of "geological risk - engineering status - environmental impact". This solves the problems of scattered data, insufficient correlation analysis, and scattered equipment and waste of resources in existing technologies, providing complete data support for comprehensive decision-making.

[0058] 2. Improve the accuracy of monitoring data

[0059] High-precision piezometers are used to achieve high-frequency monitoring of water and air pressure, which can capture subtle fluctuations; HDPE membrane potential anomaly monitoring technology can accurately locate leakage points (with a positioning accuracy of 1m); water quality monitoring covers key indicators such as pH, arsenic, lead, zinc, and cadmium, which is more comprehensive than the single-indicator monitoring of existing technologies, significantly improving the ability to identify pollution hazards and providing accurate data support for risk early warning in complex geological environments of karst areas.

[0060] 3. Rapid response and intervention

[0061] When the pressure is abnormal, the negative pressure is actively balanced through the water and air pressure drainage system to reduce the risk of damage to the seepage prevention layer; when leakage or water quality exceeds the standard, an early warning is triggered within 30 seconds, which greatly shortens the time compared with the lagging response of the existing technology, and provides a critical window period for emergency repair, effectively reducing the risk of karst collapse and pollution spread.

[0062] 4. Intelligent management decision-making

[0063] The data platform adopts a "one center, three platforms, multiple terminals" architecture, supporting remote control and multi-terminal access, breaking down information silos and enabling cross-departmental collaborative decision-making. This integrated monitoring and early warning system provides a scalable practical solution for the prevention and control of typical karst groundwater pollution in Southwest China, promotes industry technology upgrades and standardization, and enhances the intelligent management level of pollution prevention and control in karst areas.

[0064] Technology application prospects:

[0065] This invention addresses the geological characteristics and environmental risks of typical karst areas by integrating water vapor pressure monitoring, seepage prevention layer leakage monitoring, and groundwater quality monitoring technologies to form a complete solution for soil and groundwater pollution prevention in karst areas. Its application prospects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0066] 1. Accurately address ecological and environmental risks in the karst region of Southwest China

[0067] Southwest China's karst regions are generally at risk of karst collapse due to changes in water and air pressure, which can easily lead to damage to anti-seepage projects, groundwater pollution, land resource destruction, and the depletion of surface water bodies. This invention, by real-time monitoring of water and air pressure changes and the condition of the anti-seepage layer, can provide early warning of karst collapse and leakage risks, effectively blocking the diffusion of pollutants through karst fissures and pipelines, and providing technical protection for the ecological environment safety of the region.

[0068] 2. Enhance pollution monitoring and emergency response capabilities in karst areas.

[0069] Groundwater pollution in karst areas is characterized by its high degree of concealment and complex migration paths, making it difficult for traditional monitoring methods to cope with sudden pollution events. This invention utilizes a linked monitoring and intelligent early warning system integrating "water and air pressure - seepage prevention layer leakage - groundwater quality" to quickly locate leakage points and identify pollution spread trends. This significantly improves the response efficiency of karst areas to concealed and sudden geological disasters and pollution events, buying crucial time for emergency remediation and pollution control.

[0070] 3. Promote the development of seepage prevention and groundwater treatment technologies in karst areas.

[0071] This invention is the first to combine water-air pressure balance evaluation, precise location of seepage in the impermeable layer, and real-time water quality monitoring technology, forming an integrated monitoring and early warning system suitable for karst areas. This technology not only provides a practical solution for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in typical karst areas in Southwest China, but also offers technical reference for the design of seepage prevention projects, groundwater environment management, and the construction of intelligent monitoring platforms in karst areas, promoting technological upgrading and standardization in the industry.

[0072] In summary, this utility model has significant application value in ensuring the ecological environment safety of karst areas, enhancing pollution prevention and control capabilities, and promoting technological progress in the industry, and has broad market prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0073] Figure 1 This is a roadmap for a typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the online water and gas pressure monitoring system in the karst area according to this utility model;

[0075] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the online monitoring system for seepage in the seepage prevention layer of this utility model;

[0076] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the groundwater online monitoring system of this utility model;

[0077] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the groundwater online monitoring system of this utility model;

[0078] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the intelligent management platform for the online monitoring and early warning system of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The specific structure and operation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. A route diagram of a typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to this utility model is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0080] The specific implementation steps of a typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system are as follows:

[0081] I. Preliminary Investigation and Analysis

[0082] Reference Figure 1 The implementation of the technology first requires conducting an investigation into the environmental pollution status, the hydrogeological conditions of the karst area, and the migration pathways and receptors of pollution, and then analyzing the karst development characteristics based on the investigation results.

[0083] 1. Environmental pollution status investigation

[0084] Technical guidelines such as the "Guidelines for Groundwater Environmental Status Investigation and Evaluation" and the "Guidelines for Groundwater Pollution Health Risk Assessment" can be used to conduct pollution status investigations and clarify the types, distribution, and degree of pollution of pollutants.

[0085] 2. Investigation of hydrogeological conditions in karst areas

[0086] Geophysical exploration and drilling methods were used to clarify the regional strata, groundwater distribution and karst development, and on-site hydrogeological tests and indoor geotechnical tests were carried out to provide a basis for the deployment of the monitoring system.

[0087] 3. Investigation of pollution migration pathways and receptors

[0088] Through manual reconnaissance and groundwater connectivity experiments, the conditions for karst water recharge, runoff, and discharge were clarified, and key pathways for pollution migration were identified.

[0089] II. Deployment and Operation of Water and Gas Pressure Monitoring System in Karst Areas

[0090] Reference Figure 2 The karst area water and gas pressure monitoring system includes water and gas pressure monitoring wells, piezometers buried in the monitoring wells, water and gas pressure drainage devices arranged parallel to the monitoring wells, ground data acquisition devices, and a comprehensive building.

[0091] 1. Monitoring point deployment

[0092] The karst groundwater and gas pressure monitoring points are located in the central area of ​​karst development. The monitoring wells are cylindrical PVC wells with the bottom penetrating the karst fissure development zone. A 2m section at the bottom has permeable holes covered with a filter screen. The piezometer is fixed inside the monitoring well with a stainless steel bracket. The probe extends deep into the karst conduit, with a sampling frequency ≥10Hz. The burial depth is determined based on the type, depth, and thickness of the karst aquifer to be exposed. The monitoring well borehole must penetrate the karst fissure development zone or karst conduit (due to core breakage, low core recovery rate, water inrush or leakage during drilling, drill bit loss, etc.) to achieve the purpose of monitoring the dynamic changes of karst groundwater and gas.

[0093] The piezometer and the water-gas pressure drainage system are installed separately. The piezometer is installed in the monitoring well, and the water-gas pressure drainage well is installed in the adjacent well. The water-gas pressure drainage system is the water-gas pressure drainage well. The distance between the monitoring well and the water-gas pressure drainage well at the same location shall not exceed 2m.

[0094] 2. Data Collection and Early Warning

[0095] The ground data acquisition device is housed in a waterproof, sealed enclosure with an IP65 protection rating. The internal data acquisition unit is equipped with RS232 / 485, GPRS, and TCP / IP interface modules. A high-precision piezometer is used, and a sensor reader is connected to a water vapor pressure probe. The sensor reader is connected to communication equipment to collect and record data. The piezometer and data acquisition unit enable high-frequency data acquisition (sampling frequency ≥10Hz) of water vapor pressure changes within karst cavities.

[0096] The integrated room houses an automated data acquisition unit, a data acquisition and management system, and a portable computer. The piezometer is connected to the automated data acquisition unit via a piezometer cable, and the automated data acquisition unit is connected to the data acquisition and management system via a multi-core cable, and is equipped with a grounding rod. The data acquisition system adopts a client-side access architecture. The database is configured in the acquisition computer, and the application program communicates with the measurement unit via RS232 / 485, GPRS, and TCP / IP, sending the measured data to the database on the acquisition computer. The data acquisition and management system connects to an external communication network via a wired network; the automated data acquisition unit and the portable computer are connected via USB or RS232 interfaces for on-site debugging.

[0097] When the water and gas pressure fluctuates significantly, the data processing center compares the received data with the critical data for ground subsidence to determine whether the real-time data exceeds the critical value, predicts the geological disasters that are about to occur, and issues geological disaster warning information. Before the water and gas pressure changes reach a level that may cause karst subsidence and cause irreversible damage to various engineering measures, the periodic high-frequency vibrations caused by the water and gas pressure changes are artificially intervened through the water and gas pressure guiding and drainage device (controlled by the solenoid valve at the top of the pipe) to effectively balance the negative pressure formed by the cavities of the karst groundwater level drop.

[0098] III. Deployment and Operation of Online Monitoring System for Leakage in the Impermeable Layer

[0099] Reference Figure 3 The online monitoring system for seepage in the impermeable layer includes a signal transmission source and a data acquisition and processing unit in a comprehensive building. The signal transmission source comprises an on-membrane transmitter, an under-membrane transmitter, and sensor cables.

[0100] 1. System Deployment

[0101] The HDPE geomembrane is ≥1.5mm thick and laid at the bottom of the seepage-proof reservoir, with the joints hot-melt welded. An on-membrane launcher and an under-membrane launcher are installed on the target HDPE geomembrane in the seepage-proof layer. Both the on-membrane and under-membrane launchers are stainless steel discs, buried above and below the geotextile in the seepage-proof layer.

[0102] The sensor cables are twisted-pair shielded wires, laid in a mesh pattern on the top and bottom of the membrane. The cable joints are sealed with waterproof junction boxes. The data acquisition instrument is connected to the sensor cables. A transmitting device is installed at the bottom of the reservoir in the seepage prevention modification area. The transmitting device is connected to the sensor cables, and detection sensors are installed on the sensor cables. All sensor cable devices are transferred in a junction box near the reservoir area and connected to the monitoring equipment.

[0103] 2. Monitoring and Early Warning Principles

[0104] By applying voltage signals to both sides of the geomembrane, sensors are installed on the top and bottom of the geomembrane to continuously collect potential signals. Due to the high resistance of the HDPE membrane and the conductivity effect of the leak, when the HDPE membrane leaks due to accidental damage during the operation of the geomembrane, the current will form a loop through the leakage channel (i.e., the leak). At this time, the leak is equivalent to a current source, and the potential near the leak will show obvious abnormalities.

[0105] After the sensor cables are collected, they are connected to a terminal or multi-channel hub in the main building. The terminal or multi-channel hub is then connected to a portable reading device and a data logger, which constitutes the data acquisition unit. The data logger communicates with the management system, personal PC, and mobile app via network, which constitutes the data processing unit.

[0106] The data processing unit completes the normal management of the system, the issuance of work instructions, and the transmission of data. It receives, statistically analyzes, analyzes and issues early warning signals for monitoring data in real time. Through wireless networks such as 4G / 5G / GPRS, it monitors the seepage prevention layer for leakage warnings in the PC management system, monitors whether leakage occurs in the seepage prevention layer in real time, accurately alarms, and locates the leakage point.

[0107] IV. Deployment and Operation of Groundwater Quality Online Monitoring and Early Warning System

[0108] Reference Figures 4 to 5 The online monitoring and early warning system for groundwater quality in karst areas includes a water extraction and distribution unit, a detection unit in a comprehensive building, a control unit, and a data transmission unit.

[0109] 1. Water intake and distribution unit

[0110] Reference Figure 5 The water sampling and distribution unit is a crucial component for ensuring the normal operation of the entire system and obtaining accurate data. It must guarantee the reliability and validity of the water samples provided and includes a sampling unit, a pretreatment unit, and a distribution unit. The sampling unit contains sampling pumps, sampling pipes, etc. The pretreatment unit is equipped with pretreatment devices for different monitoring items to meet the requirements of analytical instruments regarding water sample settling time and filtration accuracy. The distribution unit directly supplies water to the automatic monitoring instruments, and the water quality, pressure, and quantity it provides must all meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring instruments, i.e., online water quality monitoring equipment.

[0111] The water distribution unit directly supplies water to the automatic monitoring instruments. The water quality, pressure, and quantity supplied must meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring instruments. The water distribution unit is equipped with pressure gauges and ball valves. The water distribution pipelines of each instrument adopt a parallel water sampling method. The inner diameter, water flow rate, and flow velocity of the pipeline of each instrument can be adjusted individually and each instrument is equipped with a pressure gauge. Each branch of the water distribution system meets the water demand requirements of its instrument.

[0112] The pretreatment unit is equipped with pretreatment devices for different monitoring items, including sedimentation tanks and filters, to perform a series of treatments on water samples to eliminate factors that interfere with automatic monitoring instruments and ensure the continuous and reliable operation of the analysis system over a long period of time.

[0113] 2. Control Unit

[0114] The control unit serves as the command center for coordinating the work of all units within the control system. It employs an integrated cabinet design, housing all the equipment of the control unit, including a built-in PLC and industrial computer. The control system integrates all instruments and equipment, such as water level gauges, water pumps, valves, and monitoring devices, into a collaborative automatic control system, enabling timed pump start-up and timed monitoring. The control unit performs the control work of the automatic water quality monitoring system, communicates with the data platform, and has protective operations and automatic recovery functions in case of system power failure or water outage. Core components include a programmable logic controller (PLC), an industrial computer, peripheral devices, actuators, and circuits. Power supply and communication methods are the same as those of the seepage prevention layer leakage monitoring system.

[0115] 3. Detection Unit

[0116] Reference Figure 5The detection unit is the core component of the automatic water quality monitoring system, consisting of automatic monitoring instruments that meet the requirements of various detection items. The selection principle for these instruments is that their measurement accuracy meets the water quality analysis requirements and complies with nationally stipulated analytical methods. The automatic monitoring instruments are online water quality monitoring equipment, internally equipped with pH analyzers, arsenic analyzers, lead analyzers, zinc analyzers, and cadmium analyzers, etc. The water sampling pipe connects to the online water quality monitoring equipment in the integrated building, and the online water quality monitoring equipment connects to a terminal or multi-channel hub box.

[0117] 4. Data acquisition and transmission unit

[0118] Data acquisition and transmission are required to be able to execute automatically according to the analysis cycle, and to achieve remote control, automatic encryption and backup; the acquisition device adopts a unified communication protocol according to national standards to realize the transmission of data and key status parameters in wired or wireless manner; the data acquisition and transmission unit is equipped with a high-performance workstation for on-site monitoring data acquisition and transmission. A set of data is collected every cycle, including monitoring results, monitoring instrument status, etc. All acquired data is stored in the on-site server, and according to the data transmission software settings, all or selected data can be transmitted to the data platform system. This part consists of a data logger, portable computer and portable reading device in the integrated room.

[0119] V. Power Supply System

[0120] The power supply system can be powered by municipal electricity or solar panels, and is equipped with an MPPT charge and discharge controller. It forms a dual power supply mode with the AC power adapter, which connects to the three subsystems and the data platform respectively, ensuring continuous operation of the equipment.

[0121] VI. Comprehensive Room

[0122] The integrated room is a brick-concrete or container-type computer room, which centrally deploys automated data acquisition instruments, terminals or multi-channel hubs, data loggers and other equipment. It provides wired network, 4G / 5G / GPRS / VPN wireless network and power supply interface, and provides unified power supply and network resources to ensure the coordinated operation of equipment.

[0123] VII. Data Platform

[0124] The data platform is an operating system that integrates data and status acquisition, processing, and various report generation. It possesses functions such as field data and key status parameter acquisition, conditional reverse control of field systems and instruments, data analysis and management, report generation and submission, and alarm functions. The data platform software adopts a secure and stable data transmission method, features regular automatic backup, automatic alarm classification, and remote monitoring, and is scalable.

[0125] Reference Figure 6The data platform is an integrated online monitoring and early warning system intelligent management platform: the system is supported by cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, and uses digital means to achieve data traceability and information analysis through comprehensive interconnection, complete data acquisition, and in-depth intelligent decision-making, forming an online monitoring and early warning system intelligent management platform with "one center, three platforms, and multiple terminals".

[0126] Online monitoring equipment for water and gas pressure, seepage, and groundwater quality in karst areas records monitoring data through data acquisition instruments, uploads the relevant data to a database, and transmits it to the "Smart Management Platform for Online Monitoring and Early Warning System" via communication protocols. The remote center can obtain monitoring data at any time. The online monitoring and early warning system can realize real-time reception of monitoring data, graphical operation, statistical analysis, early warning analysis, and issue early warning signals.

[0127] The intelligent management platform for online monitoring and early warning systems implements the following functions:

[0128] 1. A typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system, which mainly includes a karst area water and gas pressure monitoring system, an online monitoring system for seepage in the seepage prevention layer, and an online monitoring and early warning system for karst area groundwater.

[0129] (1) Online monitoring and early warning system for seepage prevention projects: The system monitors and warns of seepage in the seepage prevention layer through a PC management system using wireless networks such as 4G / 5G / GPRS. It monitors in real time whether seepage occurs in the seepage prevention layer, accurately alarms, and locates the seepage point.

[0130] (2) Automatic monitoring and early warning system for water and gas pressure in karst areas: The data acquisition system adopts a client access structure design. The database is configured in the acquisition computer and communicates with the measurement unit through RS485, LAN, WIFI, GPRS and other communication methods to send the measured data to the database of the acquisition computer.

[0131] (3) Groundwater quality online monitoring and early warning system: The monitoring data is transmitted to the back-end data center for storage and management in real time through the MODBUS communication protocol and RS232 / RS485. Through the intelligent operation platform, the automatic collection, automatic transmission, processing and analysis and rapid response of water quality monitoring data are realized.

[0132] 2. The online monitoring and early warning system adopts a JAVA-developed B / S architecture and uses a cloud server to connect and upload data from various systems.

[0133] 3. Develop a cloud platform and data sharing center to realize sensor data transmission, storage, processing, and early warning information sending services, achieving real-time data monitoring and data sharing. Sensors can monitor data online, and the data processing center compares the received data with early warning values ​​to determine whether the real-time data exceeds the early warning value; if it does, an early warning information is issued.

[0134] 4. Video monitoring

[0135] Real-time and timed video image monitoring, rich image data, effective monitoring, on-site deployment of video monitoring points, real-time video image monitoring, and realization of field monitoring through wired / wireless network transmission back to the monitoring video management platform.

[0136] 5. Data Display

[0137] Based on the characteristics of the monitoring data, various data display formats are used, including a three-dimensional display that is vivid and engaging.

[0138] 6. Data Early Warning

[0139] Users can query and browse monitoring data, images, and graphs to verify alarm events. It supports customized alarm strategies and can issue warning messages via SMS, app push notifications, and other methods. The warning service offers flexible warning rule settings and can be sent through SMS, mini-programs, in-app push notifications, and large-screen displays. Users can view the current alarm status and alarm history on PC and in the cloud app.

[0140] 7. Remote control

[0141] The device can be easily managed remotely via a browser using commands such as "wake up, call, read self-recording, real-time video, start recording / taking pictures, time synchronization, configuration modification, firmware upgrade" to manage the device.

[0142] 8. Data sharing

[0143] The data exchange and sharing platform enables cross-regional, cross-institutional, and cross-domain data exchange and resource sharing, solving problems such as the real-time nature of data exchange, the completeness of functions, and the configurability of interfaces.

[0144] 9. Report Management

[0145] Define report formats and provide report management functions. Based on real-time production data and historical data sets, various system management reports are generated through data item-based data aggregation and calculation. Features include custom report structure, automatic generation of customized reports, and export of reports in full formats.

[0146] A typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system integrates data on water and air pressure, seepage of the seepage prevention layer, and online monitoring of groundwater in the karst area onto a cloud platform. Through advanced algorithms and data analysis technologies, the cloud platform can quickly identify potential seepage or water quality problems, providing strong support for timely response. The monitoring results integrated into the cloud platform can easily achieve cross-departmental and cross-regional data sharing, breaking down information silos and improving overall response capabilities. Different institutions and personnel can collaborate based on the same data source, improving work efficiency and accuracy. The cloud platform can dynamically adjust the early warning level based on real-time monitoring data, providing managers with timely and accurate early warning information.

[0147] Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous variations are possible with respect to the above description, and therefore the embodiments are merely illustrative of one or more specific implementations.

[0148] Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt specific situations to the doctrine of the present invention without departing from the central concept of the present invention described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but may include all embodiments and equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0149] The above description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various substitutions or modifications can be made to these described embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0150] Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the processes, methods, and steps described in the specification. From the disclosure of the present invention, those skilled in the art will readily utilize existing or later-developed processes, methods, or steps that substantially perform the same function or achieve the same results as the corresponding embodiments described herein. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover such processes, methods, or steps.

Claims

1. A typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that, include: (1) A water and gas pressure monitoring system for karst areas, the system including a water and gas pressure monitoring well, a piezometer buried in the monitoring well, a water and gas pressure drainage device arranged in parallel with the monitoring well, and a ground data acquisition device in the general building; (2) An online monitoring system for seepage in the impermeable layer, the system comprising a signal transmitting device, a signal receiving device, and a data acquisition and data processing unit located in the comprehensive building; (3) A groundwater quality online monitoring and early warning system for karst areas, the system comprising a water extraction and distribution unit, a detection unit located in a comprehensive building, a control unit, and a data transmission unit; (4) Data platform: The three systems are connected to the same data platform through the data acquisition and transmission unit. The data platform is an operating system that integrates data and status acquisition, processing and various report generation, and adopts a hardware architecture of "one center, three platforms and multiple terminals". (5) Power supply system.

2. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The karst area water-gas pressure monitoring system: (1) The piezometer is fixed in the monitoring well by a stainless steel bracket, the probe is inserted into the karst pipe, and the sampling frequency is ≥10Hz; (2) The water and gas pressure drainage device is a drainage well arranged in parallel with the monitoring well, and the distance between the monitoring well and the water and gas pressure drainage well at the same point does not exceed 2m; (3) The comprehensive room is equipped with an automated data acquisition instrument, a data acquisition management system and a portable computer. The piezometer is connected to the automated data acquisition instrument through the piezometer cable. The automated data acquisition instrument is connected to the data acquisition management system through a multi-core cable and is equipped with a grounding rod.

3. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground data acquisition device is a waterproof sealed box with an IP65 protection rating, and the internal data acquisition unit is equipped with RS232 / 485, GPRS and TCP / IP interface modules.

4. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition and management system is connected to an external communication network via a wired network; the automated data acquisition instrument is connected to a portable computer via a USB or RS232 interface.

5. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The online monitoring system for leakage of the impermeable layer: (1) The thickness of the HDPE geomembrane is ≥1.5mm. The emitter on the membrane and the emitter under the membrane are stainless steel discs. The emitter is buried above and below the geotextile of the geomembrane layer. (2) The sensor cable is a twisted pair shielded cable, which is laid in a grid pattern on the top and bottom of the membrane. The cable joint is sealed by a waterproof junction box. (3) After the sensor cables are collected, they are connected to the terminal or multi-channel hub in the general office. The terminal or multi-channel hub is connected to the portable reading device and the data logger respectively.

6. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data logger communicates with the management system, personal PC, and mobile APP via network.

7. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned groundwater quality online monitoring and early warning system: (1) The detection unit consists of automatic monitoring instruments that meet the requirements of each detection item. The automatic monitoring instruments are online water quality monitoring equipment, which are equipped with pH analyzer, arsenic analyzer, lead analyzer, zinc analyzer and cadmium analyzer. (2) The water sampling pipe is connected to the online water quality monitoring equipment in the integrated building, and the online water quality monitoring equipment is connected to the terminal or multi-channel hub box.

8. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data platform integrates an IoT module and a touch screen, supporting data storage, display, and early warning signal output. It connects to three subsystems via wired or wireless means. It has functions such as on-site data acquisition, remote control, data analysis, report generation, and alarm, and realizes data transmission and early warning release through 4G / 5G / GPRS wireless networks.

9. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system is powered by municipal electricity or solar panels, and is equipped with an MPPT charge and discharge controller. It forms a dual power supply mode with the AC power adapter and connects to the three subsystems and the data platform respectively.

10. The typical karst area soil and groundwater pollution seepage prevention and online monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated room is a brick-concrete or container-type computer room, which centrally deploys automated data acquisition instruments, terminals or multi-channel hubs, and data recorder equipment, and uniformly provides wired network, 4G / 5G / GPRS / VPN wireless network and power supply interface.

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