Optical device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of optical device, comprising: first waveguide, configured to couple optical signal to the first waveguide by the input port of the first waveguide;Resonant waveguide, coupled to the first waveguide, wherein the resonant waveguide includes PN junction, configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide;And second waveguide, coupled to the resonant waveguide, to output the optical signal to the extraction port of the second waveguide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this utility model relate to an optical device. Background Technology

[0002] Micro-ring modulators (MRMs) hold great promise for providing high data transfer rates, ultra-low power consumption, and small area (or size) for high-speed data communication systems. However, laser energy can be trapped within the MRM, and high laser power can induce nonlinear effects such as self-heating and two-photon absorption. These nonlinear effects can significantly reduce the modulation speed, quality factor, and optical modulation amplitude (OMA) of the MRM.

[0003] Therefore, advancements in the development of micro-ring modulators are necessary to reduce nonlinear effects and maintain quality factor and modulation bandwidth. Further improvements are also needed to meet required design standards, enabling high-speed data communication in optical devices. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides an optical device comprising: a first waveguide configured to couple an optical signal to the first waveguide via an input port; a resonant waveguide coupled to the first waveguide, wherein the resonant waveguide includes a PN junction configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide; and a second waveguide coupled to the resonant waveguide to output the optical signal to a capture port of the second waveguide.

[0005] To make the above-mentioned features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below, and detailed descriptions are provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0006] When with attachment Figure 1 When reading this document, the best understanding of the various forms disclosed herein can be obtained from the detailed descriptions below. It should be noted that, according to industry standard practice, the various feature components are not drawn to scale. In fact, for clarity, the dimensions of the various feature components can be arbitrarily increased or decreased.

[0007] Figure 1 The manufacturing process of the operating optical device according to the embodiments of this disclosure is described.

[0008] Figure 2 A diagram illustrating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0009] Figure 3A diagram illustrating the bias signal of the PN junction according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0010] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 5 A diagram illustrating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 6 A diagram illustrating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 7A This is a diagram showing the external configuration of a calculator system for operating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 7B This is a diagram showing the internal configuration of a calculator system for operating a micro-ring modulator according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0015] It should be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of this disclosure. Specific embodiments or examples of components and configurations are described below to simplify this disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the size of a component is not limited to the range or values ​​disclosed, but may depend on process conditions and / or the characteristics required by the apparatus. Furthermore, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the following description may include embodiments where the first and second features are in direct contact, or embodiments where an additional feature may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. For simplicity and clarity, various features may be drawn at any different scale.

[0016] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "under," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used herein to describe the relationship between one component or feature shown in the figures and another component or feature. These spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to those shown in the figures. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly. Furthermore, the word "made of" may mean "comprising" or "consisting of."

[0017] All-pass microring modulators are used for signal modulation of optical signals and apply high input laser power to meet optical link budget requirements. However, high laser power can induce nonlinear effects within the microring modulator. For example, self-heating and two-photon absorption effects can reduce the communication bandwidth of the microring modulator. In some instances, passive add-drop microring modulators are used to reduce nonlinear effects. However, due to the additional coupling between the microring modulator and the add-drop waveguide, the quality factor and optical modulation amplitude (OMA) are reduced. The embodiments disclosed herein provide an improved microring modulation structure and a method of operating the structure, thereby reducing nonlinear effects and maintaining the quality factor and modulation bandwidth during high input laser power operation. For example, a microring modulator with a passive add-and-take waveguide improves modulation efficiency and reduces signal loss during modulation by modulating the optical signal through the PN junction within the microring modulator and optimizing the coupling coefficient between the microring resonant waveguide and the add-and-take waveguide. Therefore, the modulation of the optical signal can be improved, enabling high-speed data communication in optical devices.

[0018] In some embodiments disclosed herein, methods for operating a microring modulator are described. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be applied to the operation of other optical modulation devices.

[0019] Figure 1 The process flow 100 for operating an optical device according to an embodiment of this disclosure is described. In some embodiments, the optical device is a microring modulator.

[0020] Figure 2 Description of embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 A diagram of the micro-ring modulator 200 used in the manufacturing process.

[0021] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the micro-ring modulator 200 includes a first waveguide 202, a resonant waveguide 204 located near the first waveguide 202, and a second waveguide 206 located near the resonant waveguide 204.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first waveguide 202 is a bus waveguide. In some embodiments, the second waveguide 206 is an add-drop waveguide.

[0023] In some embodiments, resonant waveguide 204 is a ring waveguide. In some instances, resonant waveguide 204 is a circular waveguide. In some instances, resonant waveguide 204 is an elliptical waveguide. In some instances, the diameter of the ring waveguide is in the micrometer range.

[0024] In some embodiments, the resonant waveguide 204 may be replaced by a suitable dead-loop waveguide that is not necessarily of the shape described above. In some embodiments, such a loop waveguide may be selected from a wide range of suitable shapes. Such suitable loop shapes generally do not have sharp corners and / or other features that may lead to relatively high optical losses.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first waveguide 202 is configured to couple an optical signal from an input port 208 to the first waveguide 202. For example, as Figure 1 As shown in operation S110, the optical signal is transmitted from the light source (not shown) and / or coupled to the input port 208 of the first waveguide 202 by the first grating coupler 216.

[0026] In some embodiments, the optical signal is transmitted through the first waveguide 202. The optical signal includes light having multiple wavelengths, and the multiple wavelengths are multiplexed and transmitted through the first waveguide 202. For example, the optical signal enters the input port 208 of the first waveguide 202 and is confined within the first waveguide 202 before being transmitted to the penetration port 210 of the first waveguide 202.

[0027] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the optical signal is further transmitted and / or coupled to the receiving device (not shown) by the second grating coupler 218 through the penetration port 210 of the first waveguide 202.

[0028] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown in operation S120, the resonant waveguide 204 is coupled to the first waveguide 202 by positioning the resonant waveguide 204 near the first waveguide 202.

[0029] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the resonant waveguide 204 includes a highly doped PN junction 230. In some embodiments, the doping concentration is less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 17 Atoms per cubic centimeter. In some embodiments, the doping concentration is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 15 Atoms per cubic centimeter to approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶ 17 Within the atomic / cubic centimeter range. For example, a portion of the resonant waveguide 204 is made of N-type doped silicon, and a portion of the resonant waveguide 204 is made of P-type doped silicon; these two portions form a PN junction 230. The PN junction 230 can be located anywhere along the perimeter of the resonant waveguide 204.

[0030] In some embodiments, the PN junction 230 occupies approximately half the perimeter of the resonant waveguide 204. In some embodiments, the PN junction 230 occupies more or less than half the perimeter of the resonant waveguide 204. In some embodiments, the PN junction 230 is a C-shaped junction.

[0031] The bias voltage of the PN junction 230 can be either forward biased or reverse biased. The bias voltage can be adjusted by the controller 240 until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide. The term "reverse bias" refers to the electrical configuration of a semiconductor junction diode in which the N-type material is at a higher potential and the P-type material is at a lower potential. Reverse bias typically widens the depletion layer due to the lack of electrons and / or holes, which presents a high-impedance path at the junction and effectively prevents current flow. However, a small reverse leakage current can still flow through the junction. Similarly, the term "forward bias" refers to the electrical configuration of a semiconductor junction diode in which the N-type material is at a lower potential and the P-type material is at a higher potential. If the forward bias is greater than the intrinsic voltage drop of the corresponding PN junction, the corresponding barrier can be overcome by charge carriers, and a relatively large forward current can flow through the junction.

[0032] When the bias voltage changes, the free carrier density in the PN junction 230 also changes, which in turn changes the effective refractive index n of the resonant waveguide 204. eff Therefore, by changing the bias voltage, the resonant waveguide 204 can be controlled to resonate at the resonant wavelength λ or resonant frequency f. The resonant frequency f is equal to c / λ, where c is the speed of the optical signal. In other words, the optical signal at wavelength λ is modulated by applying a bias voltage to the resonant waveguide 204.

[0033] n eff *L=m*λ(Eq-1)

[0034] In Eq-1-1, n eff λ is the effective refractive index of the resonant waveguide 204, L is the perimeter of the resonant waveguide 204, m is a natural number, and λ is the wavelength of the optical signal that causes the resonant waveguide 204 to resonate. When the resonant waveguide 204 resonates, all or most of the energy of the optical signal with the resonant wavelength λ is coupled into the resonant waveguide 204 and does not pass through the first waveguide 202.

[0035] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the bias signal of the PN junction 230 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, the bias voltage can have a digital data mode. In some embodiments, the bias signal is an electrical signal that switches between high and low.

[0036] In some embodiments, during operation S120, a bias signal is applied to the PN junction to modulate the optical signal.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204 is r1. The first coupling coefficient r1 can be modulated by changing the first distance d1 between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204. For example, when the first distance between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204 decreases, the first coupling coefficient r1 increases, and when the first distance between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204 increases, the first coupling coefficient r1 decreases.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first coupling coefficient r1 is also modulated by changing the first coupling length D1 between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204. For example, when the first coupling length between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204 increases, the first coupling coefficient r1 increases, and when the first coupling length between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204 decreases, the first coupling coefficient r1 decreases.

[0039] In some embodiments, the propagation attenuation α of the resonant waveguide is defined as the resonant waveguide intensity attenuation coefficient after each round trip of the optical signal within the resonant waveguide 204. The intensity attenuation of the resonant waveguide may be a result of light absorption by the waveguide, light leakage from the waveguide, and scattering of the light signal by the roughness of the waveguide walls. For example, in a full-pass scenario, the round-trip attenuation is r1*α.

[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown in operation S130, the second waveguide 206 is coupled to the resonant waveguide 204 by positioning the second waveguide 206 near the resonant waveguide 204 to couple an optical signal. The optical signal can be output through the drop port 212 of the second waveguide 206. Alternatively, the optical signal can also be output through the add port 214 of the second waveguide 206. In some embodiments, the add port 214 of the second waveguide 206 has no output.

[0041] In some embodiments, the capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206 is connected to and / or coupled to an external optical device (not shown) so that the external optical device can analyze the resonant state of the resonant waveguide 204.

[0042] In some embodiments, the propagation attenuation α of the resonant waveguide 204 is modulated to α' such that the following equation Eq-2 is satisfied.

[0043] a*r1=a'*r2(Eq-2)

[0044] In equation Eq-2, r2 is the second coupling coefficient between resonant waveguide 204 and second waveguide 206.

[0045] In some embodiments, by changing the bias voltage on the PN junction 230, the propagation attenuation 'a' of the resonant waveguide 204 can be modulated to 'a', such that equation Eq-2 is satisfied.

[0046] In some embodiments, during operation S130, a bias signal is applied to the PN junction to modulate the optical signal.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second coupling coefficient r2 is also modulated by changing the second distance d2 between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206. For example, when the second distance between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206 decreases, the second coupling coefficient r2 increases, and when the second distance between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206 increases, the second coupling coefficient r2 decreases.

[0048] In some embodiments, the second coupling coefficient r2 is also modulated by changing the second coupling length D2 between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206. For example, when the second coupling length between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206 increases, the second coupling coefficient r2 increases, and when the second coupling length between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206 decreases, the second coupling coefficient r2 decreases.

[0049] In some embodiments, the first coupling coefficient r1, the second coupling coefficient r2, and the propagation attenuation a are modulated by simultaneously changing the first distance and the first coupling length between the first waveguide 202 and the resonant waveguide 204, the second distance and the second coupling length between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206, and the bias voltage on the PN junction.

[0050] When the insertion loss in the penetration port 210 is approximately -6 dB, about 75% of the optical signal laser power is trapped within the resonant waveguide 204 without any second waveguide 206 coupled to it. Nonlinear effects, such as self-heating and two-photon absorption, may be induced within the resonant waveguide 204 due to the high laser power confinement. For example, nonlinear effects will occur when the laser power is greater than 0 dBm. In some embodiments, by coupling to the resonant waveguide 204 via the second waveguide 206 and optimizing the second coupling coefficient r2 and propagation attenuation a, the laser power within the resonant waveguide 204 can be reduced to approximately 15% of the optical signal laser power.

[0051] In some embodiments, the coupling between the resonant waveguide 204 and the second waveguide 206 can achieve low-power modulation when tuning the resonant wavelength of the microring modulator.

[0052] In some embodiments, controller 240 is configured to be electrically connected to and / or coupled to PN junction 230 and to apply a bias signal to PN junction 230 to modulate the optical signal. In some embodiments, controller 240 includes software and hardware for providing the bias signal to PN junction 230.

[0053] It should be understood that the controller 240 may be centralized in a single location or distributed. In one embodiment, the controller 240 is embedded in the micro-loop modulator 200. In another embodiment, the controller 240 is remotely connected to the micro-loop modulator 200 via the Internet, an internal network, or other data communication mechanisms. In yet another embodiment, the controller 240 is distributed across multiple processing devices and shared by multiple processing devices. In still another embodiment, the controller 240 is part of a semiconductor device and coupled to the processing devices via appropriate data communication mechanisms.

[0054] Figure 4 Description of the embodiments disclosed herein used in Figure 1 A diagram of an example micro-ring modulator 400 in the manufacturing process. Figure 4 various aspects and Figure 2 Similarities will not be elaborated upon further for the sake of brevity. The micro-ring modulator 400 can be fabricated using various equivalent components, similar to... Figure 2 200 micro-ring modulator.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, similar to Figure 2 According to the description, the micro-ring modulator 400 includes a first waveguide 202, a resonant waveguide 204 located near the first waveguide 202, and a second waveguide 206 located near the resonant waveguide 204.

[0056] In some embodiments, the micro-ring modulator 400 further includes a controller 240 configured to be electrically connected to and / or coupled to the PN junction 230 and to apply a bias signal to the PN junction 230 to modulate the optical signal.

[0057] Figure 4 Each component of the micro-ring modulator 400 can perform with Figure 2 The operation is similar to that of the corresponding components of the micro-ring modulator 200.

[0058] In some embodiments, the micro-ring modulator 400 further includes a first terminator 420 coupled to and / or connected to a capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206. In some embodiments, the micro-ring modulator 400 further includes a second terminator 422 coupled to and / or connected to a summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first terminator 420 is a doped silicon, a grating coupler, a photodiode, or the like. The first terminator 420 is configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide 206 such that optical signal reflection at the capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206 is minimized.

[0060] In some embodiments, the second terminator 422 is made of doped silicon, or a grating coupler, photodiode, or the like. The second terminator 422 is configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide 206 such that optical signal reflection at the summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206 is minimized.

[0061] Figure 5 Description of embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 A diagram of the micro-ring modulator 500 used in the manufacturing process. Figure 5 various aspects and Figure 2 Similar to this, for the sake of brevity, these similarities will not be elaborated upon further. The micro-ring modulator 500 can be fabricated using various equivalent components, similar to... Figure 2 200 micro-ring modulator.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, similar to the above description, the micro-ring modulator 500 includes a first waveguide 202, a resonant waveguide 204 adjacent to the first waveguide 202, and a second waveguide 206 adjacent to the resonant waveguide 204.

[0063] In some embodiments, the micro-ring modulator 500 further includes a controller 240 configured to be electrically connected and / or coupled to the PN junction 230 and to apply a bias signal to the PN junction 230 to modulate the optical signal.

[0064] Figure 5 Each component of the micro-ring modulator 500 can perform with Figure 2 The operation is similar to that of the corresponding components of the micro-ring modulator 200.

[0065] In some embodiments, the microring modulator 500 further includes a doped terminator 520 coupled to and / or connected to a capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206.

[0066] For example, the doped terminator 520 can be an N-type doped terminator or a P-type doped terminator, so that the optical signal reflection at the capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206 is minimized.

[0067] In some embodiments, the microring modulator 500 further includes a terminator 522 coupled to and / or connected to the summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206. For example, the terminator 522 may be made of doped silicon, or may be a grating coupler, photodiode, or the like. The terminator 522 is configured to absorb the optical signal from the second waveguide 206 such that optical signal reflection at the summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206 is minimized.

[0068] Figure 6 Description of embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 A diagram of the micro-ring modulator 600 in the manufacturing process. Figure 6 various aspects and Figure 2 For the sake of brevity, these similarities will not be elaborated further. Various equivalent components can be used to fabricate the micro-ring modulator 600, similar to... Figure 2 200 micro-ring modulator.

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown, similar to the above description, the micro-ring modulator 600 includes a first waveguide 202, a resonant waveguide 204 adjacent to the first waveguide 202, and a second waveguide 206 adjacent to the resonant waveguide 204.

[0070] In some embodiments, the microring modulator 600 further includes a controller 240 configured to be electrically connected to and / or coupled to the PN junction 230 and to apply a bias signal to the PN junction 230 to modulate the optical signal.

[0071] Figure 6 Each component of the micro-ring modulator 600 can perform similar functions. Figure 2 The operation of the corresponding components of the micro-ring modulator 200.

[0072] In some embodiments, the microring modulator 600 further includes a photodetector 620 coupled to and / or connected to a capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206.

[0073] In some embodiments, the photodetector 620 is a photodiode detector. The photodiode is optically coupled to the capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206. Therefore, the photodiode can receive a small portion of the optical power of the optical signal in the second waveguide 206 and convert the received optical signal into a corresponding electrical output signal. In some instances, the photodiode can receive less than 10% of the optical power of the optical signal in the second waveguide 206. The photodiode can receive the remaining portion of the optical power of the optical signal in the second waveguide 206 and absorb the received optical signal, thereby minimizing optical signal reflection at the capture port 212 of the second waveguide 206.

[0074] In some embodiments, the light detector 620 is electrically connected to the meter 624. In some embodiments, the controller 240 is configured to be electrically connected (e.g., wired or wireless) to the meter 624 and configured to store and process data from the meter 624. In some embodiments, the controller 240 includes software and hardware for storing and processing data from the meter 624. In some embodiments, the meter 624 is an ammeter.

[0075] The meter 624 includes circuitry for appropriately processing, regulating, and / or converting the corresponding electrical output signal from the photodetector 620 to a form more suitable for signal processing implemented in the controller 240. In some embodiments, the meter 624 includes some or all of the following: (i) a transimpedance amplifier; (ii) a frequency filter; (iii) a rectifier; (iv) an RF power meter or monitor; and (v) an analog-to-digital converter.

[0076] In some embodiments, the microring modulator 600 further includes a terminator 622 coupled to and / or connected to the summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206. For example, the terminator 622 may be made of doped silicon, or may be a grating coupler, photodiode, or the like. The terminator 622 is configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide 206 such that optical signal reflection at the summing port 214 of the second waveguide 206 is minimized.

[0077] Figure 7A and Figure 7B Instructions for operating micro-ring modulators (e.g., Figure 2 200 Figure 4 400 Figure 5 500 and Figure 6 A calculator system 700 (600) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the calculator system 700 is used to perform the functions of the controller 240. In some embodiments, the calculator system 700 is used to perform... Figure 1 The manufacturing process 100. All or part of the processes, methods and / or operations of the foregoing embodiments can be implemented using computer hardware and computer programs executed thereon.

[0078] In some embodiments, process flow 100 or a portion thereof is executed by controller 240. In some embodiments, process flow 100 or a portion thereof is executed by the following... Figure 7A and Figure 7B The described calculator system 700 performs and / or controls.

[0079] Figure 7A This diagram illustrates the external configuration of the calculator system 700. Figure 7AIn the computer system 700, there is a computer 701 including an optical drive 705 (e.g., an optical disc read-only memory or a digital multifunction optical disc read-only memory) and a disk drive 706, a keyboard 702, a mouse 703, and a monitor 704.

[0080] Figure 7B This diagram illustrates the internal configuration of the calculator system 700. Figure 7B In addition to the optical drive 705 and the disk drive 706, the computer 701 is also equipped with one or more processors, such as a microprocessor 711; a read-only memory 712, in which programs, such as boot programs, are stored; random access memory 713 is connected to the microprocessor 711, in which commands for application programs are temporarily stored and a temporary storage area is provided; a hard disk 714, in which application programs, system programs, and data are stored; and a bus 715 connecting the microprocessor 711, the read-only memory 712, and the like. It should be noted that the computer 701 may include a network card (not shown) to provide connectivity to a local area network.

[0081] For enabling the calculator system 700 to perform the coupled micro-ring modulator (e.g., in the foregoing embodiment) in the aforementioned embodiment, Figure 2 200 Figure 4 400 Figure 5 500 and Figure 6 The program for the function of the 600) can be stored on an optical disc 721 or a disk 722, which is inserted into an optical drive 705 or a disk drive 706 and transferred to a hard disk 714. Alternatively, the program can be transferred to a computer 701 via a network (not shown) and stored on the hard disk 714. During execution, the program is loaded into random access memory 713. The program can be loaded from an optical disc 721 or a disk 722, or directly from a network. The program does not necessarily need to include, for example, an operating system or a third-party program, to enable the computer 701 to perform the functions described in the foregoing embodiments for coupling the micro-ring modulator (e.g., Figure 2 200 Figure 4 400 Figure 5 500 and Figure 6 The system functions of the 600 (or similar) control system. The program may contain only the command section to invoke the appropriate function (module) in controlled mode and obtain the desired result.

[0082] The novel microring modulator and operating method disclosed herein provide an improved microring modulator structure and operating method, thereby reducing nonlinear effects during high input laser power operation and maintaining quality factor and modulation bandwidth compared to conventional techniques and configurations. Embodiments of this disclosure provide an improved microring modulator with a passively inserted-harvesting waveguide, which modulates the optical signal using a PN junction within the microring modulator to improve modulation efficiency and reduce signal loss during modulation. Therefore, the modulation of the optical signal can be improved, enabling high-speed data communication in optical devices.

[0083] One embodiment of this disclosure is a method of operating an optical device. The optical device includes a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a resonant waveguide. The method includes coupling an optical signal into the first waveguide through an input port of the first waveguide and coupling a resonant waveguide into the first waveguide. The resonant waveguide includes a PN junction configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide. The method also includes coupling a second waveguide into the resonant waveguide to output the optical signal to a pickup port of the second waveguide. In one embodiment, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is an add-pickup waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide. In one embodiment, coupling the resonant waveguide into the first waveguide includes applying a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide. In one embodiment, the first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide is r1, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is a, and the second coupling coefficient between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide is r2, wherein the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1=a'*r2. In one embodiment, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated by a PN junction. In one embodiment, the first coupling coefficient. In one embodiment, the optical device further includes a first terminator coupled to a second waveguide acquisition port and a second terminator coupled to a second waveguide summing port, wherein the first terminator and the second terminator are configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide. In one embodiment, the first terminator is made of doped silicon, or a grating coupler, or a photodiode, and the second terminator is made of doped silicon, or a grating coupler, or a photodiode. In one embodiment, the first terminator is a photodiode, wherein the photodiode is configured to monitor optical signals in the second waveguide.

[0084] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is a join-and-capture waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide.

[0085] In an embodiment of this invention, coupling the resonant waveguide to the first waveguide includes applying a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide.

[0086] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide is r1, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is a, and the second coupling coefficient between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide is r2, wherein the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1=a'*r2.

[0087] In an embodiment of this invention, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated by the PN junction.

[0088] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first coupling coefficient and the second coupling coefficient are further modulated to maintain a*r1=a'*r2.

[0089] In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical device further includes: a first terminator coupled to a capture port of the second waveguide; and a second terminator coupled to a summing port of the second waveguide, wherein the first terminator and the second terminator are configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide.

[0090] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or is a photodiode, and the second terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or is a photodiode.

[0091] In an embodiment of this invention, the first terminator is a photodiode, which is configured to monitor optical signals in the second waveguide.

[0092] Another embodiment of this disclosure is an optical device including a first waveguide configured to couple an optical signal to the first waveguide through an input port of the first waveguide, and a resonant waveguide coupled to the first waveguide. The resonant waveguide includes a PN junction configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide. The optical device also includes a second waveguide coupled to the resonant waveguide to output the optical signal to a pickup port of the second waveguide. In one embodiment, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is an add-pickup waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide. In one embodiment, the PN junction is electrically coupled to a controller configured to apply a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide. In one embodiment, a first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide is r1, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is a, and a second coupling coefficient between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide is r2, wherein the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1 = a'*r2. In one embodiment, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated by the PN junction. In one embodiment, the first coupling coefficient and the second coupling coefficient are further modulated to maintain a*r1 = a'*r2. In one embodiment, a first terminator is coupled to the second waveguide capture port, and a second terminator is coupled to the second waveguide summing port, wherein the first and second terminators are configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide. In one embodiment, the first terminator is made of doped silicon, or a grating coupler, or a photodiode, and the second terminator is made of doped silicon, or a grating coupler, or a photodiode.

[0093] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is an add-and-take waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide.

[0094] In an embodiment of the present invention, the PN junction is electrically coupled to a controller, and the controller is configured to apply a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide.

[0095] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide is r1, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is a, and the second coupling coefficient between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide is r2, wherein the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1=a'*r2.

[0096] In an embodiment of this invention, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated by the PN junction.

[0097] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first coupling coefficient and the second coupling coefficient are further modulated to maintain a*r1=a'*r2.

[0098] In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical device further includes: a first terminator coupled to a capture port of the second waveguide; and a second terminator coupled to a summing port of the second waveguide, wherein the first terminator and the second terminator are configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide.

[0099] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or is a photodiode, and the second terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or is a photodiode.

[0100] Another embodiment of this disclosure is a method of operating an optical device, wherein the optical device includes a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a resonant waveguide. The method includes coupling an optical signal to the first waveguide through an input port of the first waveguide and coupling the resonant waveguide to the first waveguide. The resonant waveguide includes a PN junction configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide, and a first coupling coefficient of r1 between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide, and a propagation attenuation of a in the resonant waveguide. The method further includes coupling a second waveguide to the resonant waveguide to output an optical signal to a capture port of the second waveguide, wherein a second coupling coefficient of r2 between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide, the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1 = a'*r2. In one embodiment, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is an add-and-capture waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide. In one embodiment, coupling the resonant waveguide to the first waveguide includes applying a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide.

[0101] In an embodiment of this utility model, the first waveguide is a bus waveguide, the second waveguide is an add-and-take waveguide, and the resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide.

[0102] In an embodiment of this invention, coupling the resonant waveguide to the first waveguide includes applying a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide.

[0103] The foregoing has outlined the features of several embodiments or examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the nature of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that this disclosure can be readily used as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures to achieve the same purposes and / or advantages as the embodiments or examples introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also recognize that such equivalent constructions should not depart from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made to this document without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An optical device, characterized in that, include: A first waveguide is configured to couple an optical signal to the first waveguide through its input port; A resonant waveguide coupled to the first waveguide, wherein the resonant waveguide includes a PN junction configured to modulate the resonant frequency of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide; as well as The second waveguide is coupled to the resonant waveguide to output the optical signal to the capture port of the second waveguide.

2. The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The first waveguide is a bus waveguide. The second waveguide is a join-and-capture waveguide, and The resonant waveguide is a ring resonant waveguide.

3. The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PN junction is electrically coupled to a controller, which is configured to apply a bias voltage to the PN junction to modulate the refractive index of the resonant waveguide until the optical signal resonates in the resonant waveguide.

4. The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The first coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the resonant waveguide is r1. The propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is 'a', and The second coupling coefficient between the resonant waveguide and the second waveguide is r2, wherein the propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated to a', and a*r1=a'*r2.

5. The optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The propagation attenuation of the resonant waveguide is modulated by the PN junction.

6. The optical device according to claim 4, characterized in that, in: The first coupling coefficient and the second coupling coefficient are further modulated to maintain a*r1=a'*r2.

7. The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including: The first terminator is coupled to the capture port of the second waveguide; as well as A second terminator is coupled to the summing port of the second waveguide, wherein the first terminator and the second terminator are configured to absorb optical signals from the second waveguide.

8. The optical device according to claim 7, characterized in that, in: The first terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or a photodiode, and The second terminator is made of doped silicon, or is a grating coupler, or a photodiode.

9. The optical device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first terminator is a photodiode, wherein the photodiode is configured to monitor optical signals in the second waveguide.

10. The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The doping concentration of the PN junction is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 15 Atoms per cubic centimeter to approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶ 17 Within the range of atoms / cubic centimeters.

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