A large-angle broadband wave-transparent metamaterial antenna cover
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521368087.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-06-30
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型实施例提出一种大角度宽带透波超材料天线罩，解决了在大入射角度下如何实现带内宽带透波，以及带外快速截止以降低整体的雷达散射截面(RCS)的技术问题
本实用新型所述大角度宽带透波超材料天线罩，上下两层带阻型微结构层实现工作频带外的快速截止，以降低天线罩的雷达散射截面(RCS)；中间带通型微结构层实现工作频带内的宽带透波；从而可以满足高性能通信探测系统及隐身的需求。
Smart Images
Figure CN224862469U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of metamaterials, specifically to a wide-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome. Background Technology
[0002] Radomes are one of the most commonly used and important components in radar communication systems. With the trend towards wider bandwidth in communication systems, research on broadband radomes is increasingly being strengthened. While designing the broadband characteristics of a frequency selective surface (FSS), it is necessary to ensure the stability of its operating performance across the entire frequency band under different incident angles to improve the overall performance of the antenna system. For traditional FSS radomes, their frequency response is often highly sensitive to the incident angle of electromagnetic waves; as the incident angle increases, the transmission characteristics deteriorate sharply, achieving only a narrow operating bandwidth at large incident angles.
[0003] Existing radome design methods mainly include geometry optimization, material selection, and structural layering. Geometry optimization alone is insufficient to overcome the losses and phase shifts caused by large incident angles. Material selection and layered design can increase bandwidth to some extent, but at large incident angles, the impedance differences and phase delays between different layers lead to a sharp deterioration in transmission characteristics, making it impossible to achieve broadband transmission at large incident angles. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention proposes a large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome, which solves the technical problems of how to achieve broadband in-band transmission at large incident angles and rapid out-of-band cutoff to reduce the overall radar cross section (RCS).
[0005] This utility model provides a large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome, which includes a first dielectric layer, a first microstructure layer, a second microstructure layer, a third microstructure layer, a first prepreg layer, and a second prepreg layer; the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is the first dielectric layer, the first microstructure layer, the first prepreg layer, the second microstructure layer, the second prepreg layer, and the third microstructure layer; the first microstructure layer and the third microstructure layer are both band-stop type microstructure layers, and the second microstructure layer is a band-pass type microstructure layer.
[0006] Preferably, the radome further includes a second dielectric layer, and the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is as follows: a first dielectric layer, a first microstructure layer, a first prepreg layer, a second microstructure layer, a second prepreg layer, a third microstructure layer, and a second dielectric layer.
[0007] Preferably, both the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer include a third prepreg layer, a PMI foam layer and a fourth prepreg layer stacked sequentially; the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is the third prepreg layer, the PMI foam layer, the fourth prepreg layer, the first microstructure layer, the first prepreg layer, the second microstructure layer, the second prepreg layer, the third microstructure layer, the fourth prepreg layer, the PMI foam layer and the third prepreg layer.
[0008] Preferably, the first prepreg layer, the second prepreg layer, the third prepreg layer, and the fourth prepreg layer are all made of the same material; more preferably, the first prepreg layer, the second prepreg layer, the third prepreg layer, and the fourth prepreg layer are all glass fiber prepreg layers or quartz fiber prepreg layers.
[0009] Preferably, the thicknesses of the first prepreg layer, the third prepreg layer, the fourth prepreg layer, and the PMI foam layer are all different, while the thicknesses of the second prepreg layer and the first prepreg layer are the same.
[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the first prepreg layer and the second prepreg layer is 0.96 mm; the thicknesses of the third prepreg layer, the PMI foam layer and the fourth prepreg layer are 1.3 mm, 4.5 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively.
[0011] Preferably, the first microstructure layer includes a substrate and a single-ring conductive structure disposed on the substrate, and the third microstructure layer includes a substrate and a double-ring conductive structure disposed on the substrate; or The first microstructure layer includes a substrate and a single-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate, and the third microstructure layer includes a substrate and a double-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate. The second microstructure layer includes a substrate and a first conductive geometric structure, a second conductive geometric structure, a third conductive geometric structure, a fourth conductive geometric structure, a fifth conductive geometric structure, and a sixth conductive geometric structure disposed on the substrate and connected end to end to form an approximately hexagonal structure; the first conductive geometric structure, the third conductive geometric structure, the fourth conductive geometric structure, and the sixth conductive geometric structure are all the same, and the second conductive geometric structure and the fifth conductive geometric structure are the same. Each of the first conductive geometric structure, the third conductive geometric structure, the fourth conductive geometric structure, and the sixth conductive geometric structure includes a first straight line segment, a raised curve segment, and a second straight line segment that are connected end to end in sequence and perpendicularly. The raised curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave. The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment are respectively connected to the middle of the two ends of the raised curve segment. Each of the second and fifth conductive geometric structures includes a third straight segment, a concave curve segment, and a fourth straight segment that are connected end to end in a vertical sequence; the concave curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave.
[0012] Preferably, the linewidth W0 of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth conductive geometric structures is 0.05 mm; the length gap_dx of the continuous line segment of a single high level and a single low level in the convex curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.09 mm; and the length gap_dy of the line segment from high level to low level in the concave curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.38 mm. The radius L0 and line width W1 of the single-ring conductive structure are 1.84 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively; the outer ring radius L1 and inner ring radius L2 of the double-ring conductive structure are 1.87 mm and 1.33 mm, respectively; the line width W1 of both the outer and inner rings of the double-ring conductive structure is 0.1 mm. Alternatively, the side length and line width of the single-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.9 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively; the side length of the outer ring and the side length of the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.8 mm and 1 mm, respectively; and the line width of both the outer ring and the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon is 0.1 mm.
[0013] Preferably, any two adjacent layers of the third prepreg layer, PMI foam layer, fourth prepreg layer, first microstructure layer, first prepreg layer, second microstructure layer, second prepreg layer, third microstructure layer, fourth prepreg layer, PMI foam layer and third prepreg layer are bonded together by an adhesive film.
[0014] Preferably, the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the adhesive film are 3.2 and 0.007, respectively; The dielectric constants of the first, second, third, and fourth prepreg layers are all 3.3, and the loss tangents are all 0.005. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the PMI foam layer are 1.12 and 0.068, respectively.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome of this invention has two band-stop microstructure layers at the top and bottom to achieve rapid cutoff outside the operating frequency band, thereby reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of the radome; and a middle band-pass microstructure layer to achieve broadband wave transmission within the operating frequency band; thus meeting the requirements of high-performance communication detection systems and stealth. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first microstructure layer, the second microstructure layer and the third microstructure layer in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the transmittance curve of the radome in TM mode.
[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the transmittance curve of the radome in TE mode. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0022] This invention proposes a wide-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome, which aims to achieve broadband in-band transmission at large incident angles and rapid out-of-band cutoff to reduce the overall radar cross section (RCS) of the radome, thereby meeting the requirements of high-performance communication detection systems and stealth.
[0023] This invention proposes a large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome, which includes a first dielectric layer, a first microstructure layer, a second microstructure layer, a third microstructure layer, a first prepreg layer, and a second prepreg layer. The stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is the first dielectric layer, the first microstructure layer, the first prepreg layer, the second microstructure layer, the second prepreg layer, and the third microstructure layer. The first microstructure layer and the third microstructure layer are both band-stop type microstructure layers, and the second microstructure layer is a band-pass type microstructure layer.
[0024] More specifically, considering the in-band broadband transmission characteristics and out-of-band fast cutoff characteristics of the large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome 100, the radome 100 of this invention adopts a C-layer design. A schematic diagram of the radome 100 is shown below. Figure 1 .
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome 100 of this utility model embodiment includes a first dielectric layer 10, a second dielectric layer 80, a first microstructure layer 20, a second microstructure layer 40, a third microstructure layer 60, a first prepreg layer 30, and a second prepreg layer 50.
[0026] The stacking order of the structures of the large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome 100 from the outside to the inside is as follows: first dielectric layer 10, first microstructure layer 20, first prepreg layer 30, second microstructure layer 40, second prepreg layer 50, third microstructure layer 60, and second dielectric layer 80. The first microstructure layer 20 and the third microstructure layer 60 are both band-stop type microstructure layers, and the second microstructure layer 40 is a band-pass type microstructure layer.
[0027] In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 80 are identical.
[0028] Both the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 80 include a third prepreg layer 12, a PMI foam layer 14, and a fourth prepreg layer 16 stacked sequentially. The stacking order of the structures of the radome 100 from the outside to the inside is as follows: third prepreg layer 12, PMI foam layer 14, fourth prepreg layer 16, first microstructure layer 20, first prepreg layer 30, second microstructure layer 40, second prepreg layer 50, third microstructure layer 60, fourth prepreg layer 16, PMI foam layer 14, and third prepreg layer 12.
[0029] The first prepreg layer 30, the second prepreg layer 50, the third prepreg layer 12, and the fourth prepreg layer 16 are all made of the same material. Preferably, the first prepreg layer 30, the second prepreg layer 50, the third prepreg layer 12, and the fourth prepreg layer 16 are all glass fiber prepreg layers or quartz fiber prepreg layers.
[0030] The thicknesses of the first prepreg layer 30, the third prepreg layer 12, the fourth prepreg layer 16, and the PMI foam layer 14 are all different, while the thicknesses of the second prepreg layer 50 and the first prepreg layer 30 are the same.
[0031] Specifically, the thickness of the first prepreg layer 30 and the second prepreg layer 50 is 0.96 mm; the thicknesses of the third prepreg layer 12, the PMI foam layer 14 and the fourth prepreg layer 16 are 1.3 mm, 4.5 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively.
[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the first microstructure layer 20 includes a substrate 22 and a single-ring conductive structure 24 disposed on the substrate 22, and the third microstructure layer 60 includes a substrate 62 and a double-ring conductive structure 64 disposed on the substrate 62.
[0033] Alternatively, in other optional embodiments, the first microstructure layer includes a substrate and a single-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate, and the third microstructure layer includes a substrate and a double-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate.
[0034] The second microstructure layer 40 includes a substrate 42 and a first conductive geometric structure, a second conductive geometric structure, a third conductive geometric structure, a fourth conductive geometric structure, a fifth conductive geometric structure, and a sixth conductive geometric structure disposed on the substrate 42 and connected end-to-end to form an approximately hexagonal structure. The first, third, fourth, and sixth conductive geometric structures are all identical, and the second and fifth conductive geometric structures are also identical. The substrates 22, 42, and 62 are all made of materials including, but not limited to, PI film.
[0035] Each of the first conductive geometric structure, the third conductive geometric structure, the fourth conductive geometric structure, and the sixth conductive geometric structure includes a first straight line segment, a raised curve segment, and a second straight line segment that are connected end to end in sequence and perpendicularly. The raised curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave. The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment are respectively connected to the middle of the two ends of the raised curve segment. Each of the second and fifth conductive geometric structures includes a third straight segment, a concave curve segment, and a fourth straight segment that are connected end to end in a vertical sequence; the concave curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave.
[0036] In the first microstructure layer 20 and the third microstructure layer 60, the radius L0 and linewidth W1 of the single-ring conductive structure 24 are 1.84 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the outer ring radius L1 and inner ring radius L2 of the double-ring conductive structure 64 are 1.87 mm and 1.33 mm, respectively; the linewidth W1 of both the outer ring and the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure 64 is 0.1 mm.
[0037] Alternatively, in the first microstructure layer 20 and the third microstructure layer 60, the side length and line width of the single-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.9 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the side length of the outer ring and the side length of the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.8 mm and 1 mm, respectively; the line width of both the outer ring and the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon is 0.1 mm.
[0038] In the second microstructure layer 40, the linewidth W0 of the first conductive geometry, the second conductive geometry, the third conductive geometry, the fourth conductive geometry, the fifth conductive geometry, and the sixth conductive geometry is 0.05 mm; the length gap_dx of the continuous line segment of a single high level and a single low level in the convex curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.09 mm, and the length gap_dy of the line segment from high level to low level in the concave curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.38 mm.
[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, any two adjacent layers of the third prepreg layer 12, PMI foam layer 14, fourth prepreg layer 16, first microstructure layer 20, first prepreg layer 30, second microstructure layer 40, second prepreg layer 50, third microstructure layer 60, fourth prepreg layer 16, PMI foam layer 14, and third prepreg layer 12, which are stacked sequentially, are bonded together by an adhesive film; the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the adhesive film are 3.2 and 0.007, respectively.
[0040] The dielectric constants of the first prepreg layer 30, the second prepreg layer 50, the third prepreg layer 12, and the fourth prepreg layer 16 are all 3.3, and the loss tangent is 0.005. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of PMI foam layer 14 are 1.12 and 0.068, respectively.
[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the wave transmission curve of the radome 100 in TM mode. Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the transmittance curve of the radome 100 in TE mode. Simulation results are as follows... Figures 3 to 4 As shown in Table 1, the transmission statistics results are presented in the table.
[0042] Table 1
[0043] As can be seen from the results shown in Table 1 above, this utility model discloses a broadband transparent radome 100 with a large incident angle. The radome 100 shown in this utility model adopts a C-layer three-layer microstructure design, with the upper and lower layers being band-resistive microstructures 20 and 60 (i.e., Figure 1 The first microstructure 20 and the third microstructure 60 shown achieve out-of-band fast cutoff to reduce the RCS of the radome 100; the intermediate bandpass microstructure 40 (i.e. Figure 1The second microstructure 40 shown achieves in-band broadband transmission. Simulation calculations, as shown in Table 1 above, demonstrate that in TM mode, the radome 100 achieves an average transmittance greater than 80% within the operating frequency band of 5-12 GHz, and in TE mode, the radome 100 also achieves an average transmittance greater than 80% within the operating frequency band of 5-12 GHz. Furthermore, in both TM and TE modes, it achieves fast cutoff outside the operating frequency band of 14-18 GHz.
[0044] For specific examples, such as Figure 3-4 The radome 100 shown, at an incident angle of 60°, exhibits the following characteristics: 1) Transmission zone: The bandwidth of the transmission zone with a TE transmittance greater than 80% is 6.1 GHz, and the bandwidth of the TM transmittance greater than 80% is 6.7 GHz; 2) Cutoff zone: Both TE and TM achieve out-of-band cutoff of over -10 dB in the 14-18 GHz frequency band. This means that the antenna coverage range is effectively expanded while maintaining a low RCS, ensuring efficient communication of the antenna system.
[0045] This invention proposes a microstructure-based large-angle broadband transparent radome design (i.e., large-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome 100), primarily applicable to satellite communications, radar systems, aerospace radomes, wireless sensor networks, and electromagnetic compatibility. Its advantage lies in maintaining a wide bandwidth even at large incident angles, effectively expanding the antenna's operating coverage and thus improving the overall performance of the antenna system. Furthermore, in military applications, considering stealth requirements, the radome 100 of this invention is designed with both effective in-band bandpass and rapid out-of-band cutoff to meet stealth requirements.
[0046] The most challenging aspect of designing the radome 100 for broadband wave transmission at large incident angles is achieving consistent high transmittance across the entire bandwidth. This is because, as the incident angle increases, traditional wave-transmitting materials and methods often lead to poor impedance matching, enhanced multiple reflections and interference effects, and the excitation of higher-order modes. These factors combined cause a sharp decline in wave transmission performance. Therefore, the design requires precise control of the electromagnetic properties of the materials, the use of complex structural designs, and extensive simulations—a process that is both time-consuming and challenging.
[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A wide-angle broadband transparent metamaterial radome, characterized in that, It includes a first dielectric layer, a first microstructure layer, a second microstructure layer, a third microstructure layer, a first prepreg layer, and a second prepreg layer; the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is the first dielectric layer, the first microstructure layer, the first prepreg layer, the second microstructure layer, the second prepreg layer, and the third microstructure layer; the first microstructure layer and the third microstructure layer are both band-stop type microstructure layers, and the second microstructure layer is a band-pass type microstructure layer.
2. The radome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radome further includes a second dielectric layer, and the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is as follows: first dielectric layer, first microstructure layer, first prepreg layer, second microstructure layer, second prepreg layer, third microstructure layer and second dielectric layer.
3. The radome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer each include a third prepreg layer, a PMI foam layer and a fourth prepreg layer stacked in sequence; the stacking order of the structures of the radome from the outside to the inside is the third prepreg layer, the PMI foam layer, the fourth prepreg layer, the first microstructure layer, the first prepreg layer, the second microstructure layer, the second prepreg layer, the third microstructure layer, the fourth prepreg layer, the PMI foam layer and the third prepreg layer.
4. The radome according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first, second, third, and fourth prepreg layers are all made of the same material.
5. The radome according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thicknesses of the first prepreg layer, the third prepreg layer, the fourth prepreg layer, and the PMI foam layer are all different, while the thicknesses of the second prepreg layer and the first prepreg layer are the same.
6. The radome according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the first and second prepreg layers is 0.96 mm; the thicknesses of the third, PMI foam, and fourth prepreg layers are 1.3 mm, 4.5 mm, and 0.3 mm, respectively.
7. The radome according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first microstructure layer includes a substrate and a single-ring conductive structure disposed on the substrate; the third microstructure layer includes a substrate and a double-ring conductive structure disposed on the substrate; or The first microstructure layer includes a substrate and a single-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate, and the third microstructure layer includes a substrate and a double-ring conductive structure of a regular hexagon disposed on the substrate. The second microstructure layer includes a substrate and a first conductive geometric structure, a second conductive geometric structure, a third conductive geometric structure, a fourth conductive geometric structure, a fifth conductive geometric structure, and a sixth conductive geometric structure disposed on the substrate and connected end to end to form an approximately hexagonal structure; the first conductive geometric structure, the third conductive geometric structure, the fourth conductive geometric structure, and the sixth conductive geometric structure are all the same, and the second conductive geometric structure and the fifth conductive geometric structure are the same. Each of the first conductive geometric structure, the third conductive geometric structure, the fourth conductive geometric structure, and the sixth conductive geometric structure includes a first straight line segment, a raised curve segment, and a second straight line segment that are connected end to end in sequence and perpendicularly. The raised curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave. The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment are respectively connected to the middle of the two ends of the raised curve segment. Each of the second and fifth conductive geometric structures includes a third straight segment, a concave curve segment, and a fourth straight segment that are connected end to end in a vertical sequence; the concave curve segment is in the shape of a rectangular wave.
8. The radome according to claim 7, characterized in that, The linewidth W0 of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth conductive geometric structures is 0.05 mm; the length gap_dx of the continuous line segment of a single high level and a single low level in the convex curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.09 mm; and the length gap_dy of the line segment from high level to low level in the concave curve segment of the rectangular wave is 0.38 mm. The radius L0 and line width W1 of the single-ring conductive structure are 1.84 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively; the outer ring radius L1 and inner ring radius L2 of the double-ring conductive structure are 1.87 mm and 1.33 mm, respectively; the line width W1 of both the outer and inner rings of the double-ring conductive structure is 0.1 mm. Alternatively, the side length and line width of the single-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.9 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively; the side length of the outer ring and the side length of the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon are 1.8 mm and 1 mm, respectively; and the line width of both the outer ring and the inner ring of the double-ring conductive structure of the regular hexagon is 0.1 mm.
9. The radome according to claim 3, characterized in that: Any two adjacent layers of the third prepreg layer, PMI foam layer, fourth prepreg layer, first microstructure layer, first prepreg layer, second microstructure layer, second prepreg layer, third microstructure layer, fourth prepreg layer, PMI foam layer, and third prepreg layer are bonded together by an adhesive film.
10. The radome according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the adhesive film are 3.2 and 0.007, respectively; The dielectric constants of the first, second, third, and fourth prepreg layers are all 3.3, and the loss tangents are all 0.
005. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the PMI foam layer are 1.12 and 0.068, respectively.
11. The radome according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first prepreg layer, the second prepreg layer, the third prepreg layer, and the fourth prepreg layer are all glass fiber prepreg layers or quartz fiber prepreg layers.