Trigger electrode structure and pseudo spark switch

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of pulse power, specifically discloses a trigger electrode structure and pseudo spark switch. The trigger electrode structure for pseudo spark switch includes: trigger cathode, forms the umbrella-shaped metal electrode of central symmetry, a plurality of trigger anode, with the axis of trigger cathode as center, and symmetrically and intervally surround the periphery of trigger cathode, insulator, sets up between trigger cathode and a plurality of trigger anode, so that trigger cathode and each trigger anode between all constitute an independent surface discharge gap. The pseudo spark switch includes main switch anode, main switch cathode, hollow cathode, hollow anode, insulating shell and trigger electrode. Therefore, the trigger electrode structure for pseudo spark switch of prior art is solved, because of its inherent single-channel discharge mode, it is difficult to maintain high reliable trigger at the same time, effectively solve the problem of electrode ablation concentration and short life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pulse power technology, and in particular to a trigger electrode structure and a pseudo-spark switch. Background Technology

[0002] A pseudo-spark switch is a high-power switching device based on the principle of low-pressure glow discharge. Due to its advantages such as low inductance, high current rise rate, strong self-extinguishing arc capability, and long life, it has been widely used in pulsed power systems such as high-energy physics, pulsed lasers, and electromagnetic emission.

[0003] As one of the core components of a pseudo-spark switch, the trigger electrode functions to receive external trigger signals and generate initial plasma to ignite the main gap discharge. Its reliability and stability directly determine the entire switch's service life, conduction timing accuracy (i.e., trigger jitter), and the overall reliability of the system.

[0004] Currently, the trigger electrodes commonly used in this field for pseudo-spark switches typically employ a traditional "point-to-point" structure, where a trigger cathode and a trigger anode are paired to form a single trigger discharge channel. While this structure is simple, under long-term high-current, high-voltage operating conditions, it has gradually revealed the following inherent technical defects that those skilled in the art have long strived to address but have not been able to overcome effectively:

[0005] 1. Ablation Concentration Problem: Because the trigger discharge energy is highly concentrated in a single tiny area on the surface of the trigger cathode, this area is subjected to intense bombardment by a high-density ion current with each trigger. The localized instantaneous high temperature causes the cathode material to ablate, evaporate, and sputter rapidly. This concentrated and irreversible ablation effect is the main bottleneck leading to trigger electrode failure and thus limiting the working life of the spurious spark switch.

[0006] 2. Insufficient Reliability and Redundancy: Existing single-channel triggering structures lack redundancy design. The entire triggering function relies on a single discharge path. Once this channel degrades or completely fails due to accumulated ablation, electrode contamination, or minor assembly errors, the entire switch loses its triggering function and cannot operate normally, resulting in extremely poor system fault tolerance.

[0007] 3. Significant Trigger Jitter: During the formation, diffusion, and ignition of the main discharge, the uniformity and stability of the initial plasma generated by single-point triggering are easily affected by random factors such as electrode surface condition and impurity distribution. This non-uniformity may lead to fluctuations in the delay of the main gap conduction, i.e., significant trigger jitter, which is extremely detrimental to pulsed power systems that require precise synchronization.

[0008] In summary, existing pseudo-spark switch trigger electrodes, due to their inherent single-channel discharge mode, struggle to effectively address the issues of concentrated electrode ablation and short lifespan while maintaining high-reliability triggering. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative trigger electrode that can effectively disperse trigger discharge energy, reduce localized ablation rates, and improve trigger redundancy and overall reliability to adapt to pulsed power systems with higher performance requirements. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a trigger electrode structure and a pseudo-spark switch to solve the problems of electrode erosion concentration and short lifespan in the existing trigger electrode structure for pseudo-spark switches, which, due to its inherent single-channel discharge mode, is difficult to effectively solve while maintaining high-reliability triggering.

[0010] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] A trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch includes:

[0012] The cathode is triggered, forming a centrally symmetrical umbrella-shaped metal electrode;

[0013] Multiple trigger anodes are arranged symmetrically and at intervals around the trigger cathode, with the axis of the trigger cathode as the center.

[0014] An insulator is disposed between the trigger cathode and the plurality of trigger anodes, such that each trigger cathode and each trigger anode forms an independent surface discharge gap.

[0015] Alternatively, the trigger cathode may be made of an ablation-resistant metallic material.

[0016] Alternatively, the ablation-resistant metallic material may be a copper-tungsten alloy.

[0017] Alternatively, the trigger anode may be made of oxygen-free copper.

[0018] Alternatively, the number of trigger anodes is four, and they are arranged evenly around each other at 90° intervals.

[0019] Alternatively, the insulator is a cyclic alumina ceramic insulator.

[0020] Alternatively, the trigger cathode can be connected to the negative output terminal of an external trigger pulse source via a terminal block.

[0021] Alternatively, the plurality of trigger anodes are connected to the main switch cathode.

[0022] A pseudo-spark switch includes a main switch anode, a main switch cathode, a hollow cathode, a hollow anode, and an insulating shell, wherein a sealed cavity is formed inside the insulating shell; the main switch anode and the main switch cathode are disposed opposite to each other and spaced apart in the sealed cavity to form a main discharge gap in the sealed cavity; the hollow anode is connected to the main switch anode and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode is connected to the main switch cathode and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap.

[0023] The pseudo-spark switch also includes a trigger electrode structure for the pseudo-spark switch, which is disposed on the side of the hollow cathode opposite to the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode has a plurality of through holes, each of which corresponds to a trigger anode.

[0024] Alternatively, the number of through holes is the same as the number of trigger anodes.

[0025] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0026] Through the above technical solution, the trigger discharge energy is dispersed to multiple different regions of the umbrella-shaped cathode working surface using a "one cathode to multiple anodes" design. During each trigger, the total current is diverted to multiple parallel discharge channels, significantly reducing the current density and ion bombardment energy acting on any local area of ​​the cathode. This slows down the ablation, evaporation, and sputtering rates of the electrode material, minimizing the ablation rate of the trigger cathode and resulting in an order-of-magnitude improvement in the overall lifespan of the switch. Multiple trigger anodes and the multiple discharge gaps formed by them and the common cathode create multiple trigger channels operating in parallel, improving the robustness, fault tolerance, and long-term operational reliability of the entire pulse power system. Multiple spatially symmetrically distributed discharge points can generate multiple initial plasma sources almost synchronously within the cathode cavity of the main switch. These plasma sources merge to form a more uniform and rapidly spreading initial pre-ionized plasma cloud. This uniform and rapid pre-ionization process effectively reduces the randomness of the main gap discharge formation and development, thereby reducing the switch's trigger delay and conduction time jitter, and improving the timing accuracy and stability of the pulse output signal. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1A cross-sectional view of a pseudo-spark switch with a trigger electrode provided by this utility model in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of the trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch provided by this utility model in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow cathode in one embodiment of the trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch provided by this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger cathode in one embodiment of the trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch provided by this utility model.

[0032] The markings and corresponding component names in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Trigger cathode, 2-Trigger anode, 3-Insulator, 4-Trigger pulse source, 41-Terminal, 5-Main switch anode, 6-Main switch cathode, 7-Hollow cathode, 71-Through hole, 8-Hollow anode, 9-Insulating shell. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that while the description of these embodiments is intended to aid in understanding the present invention, it does not constitute a limitation thereof. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are only for describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be embodied in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0034] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch is provided. Wherein, Figures 1 to 4 Specific embodiments thereof are shown.

[0035] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the trigger electrode structure includes: a trigger cathode 1, which is formed as a centrally symmetrical umbrella-shaped metal electrode; a plurality of trigger anodes 2, which are symmetrically and spaced around the trigger cathode 1 with the axis of the trigger cathode 1 as the center; and an insulator 3, which is disposed between the trigger cathode 1 and the plurality of trigger anodes 2, such that the trigger cathode 1 and each trigger anode 2 form an independent surface discharge gap.

[0036] The working process of this trigger electrode structure is as follows: When an external high-voltage negative trigger pulse is applied to the umbrella-shaped trigger cathode 1 through the terminal 41, since multiple trigger anodes 2 are connected to the main switch cathode 6 through conductors and are grounded together, the electric field strength on the surface discharge gap between the umbrella-shaped trigger cathode 1 and each trigger anode 2 will increase sharply at the moment the pulse arrives, exceeding the withstand strength of the insulator 3. At this time, the four discharge gaps will undergo surface flashover almost synchronously, and four parallel, high-density plasma channels will be rapidly formed on the surface of the insulator 3. Under the action of the electric field, these initial plasmas are effectively injected into the cathode cavity of the main switch through the corresponding through-holes 71 on the hollow cathode 7. These pre-generated, uniformly distributed plasmas enhance the pre-ionization degree of the main gap, thereby efficiently and reliably igniting the main pseudo-spark discharge between the main switch anode 5 and the main switch cathode 6, completing the entire switching conduction process.

[0037] Through the above technical solution, based on the one-cathode-to-multiple-anode structural arrangement, the trigger discharge energy can be dispersed to multiple different regions of the umbrella-shaped cathode working surface. Each time it is triggered, the total current is diverted to multiple parallel discharge channels, significantly reducing the current density and ion bombardment energy acting on any local area of ​​the cathode. This slows down the ablation, evaporation, and sputtering rates of the electrode material, minimizing the ablation rate of the trigger cathode 1 and resulting in an order-of-magnitude improvement in the overall lifespan of the switch. Multiple trigger anodes 2 and the multiple discharge gaps formed by them and the common cathode create multiple trigger channels operating in parallel, improving the robustness, fault tolerance, and long-term operational reliability of the entire pulse power system. Multiple spatially symmetrically distributed discharge points can generate multiple initial plasma sources almost synchronously within the cathode cavity of the main switch. These plasma sources merge to form a more uniform and rapidly diffusing initial pre-ionized plasma cloud. This uniform and rapid pre-ionization process effectively reduces the randomness of the main gap discharge formation and development, thereby reducing the switch's trigger delay and conduction time jitter, and improving the timing accuracy and stability of the pulse output signal.

[0038] It should be noted that directional terms such as "inner" and "outer" refer to "inner" and "outer" relative to the outline of the component. "Inner" refers to the direction towards the inside of the component, and "outer" refers to the direction away from it. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate sequence or importance. Moreover, in the following descriptions with accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same element. The phrase "and / or" in the text refers to A and / or B, indicating that there are three possible scenarios: only A, only B, and both A and B. The phrase " / and" in the text refers to A and B, indicating that there are two possible scenarios: only A and both A and B.

[0039] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the trigger cathode 1 is made of an ablation-resistant metal material. Using a high-hardness, high-melting-point ablation-resistant metal material to manufacture the trigger cathode 1 can further improve the ablation resistance of the electrode at the material level, greatly enhance the durability of the umbrella-shaped cathode working surface, enable it to withstand more discharge cycles, further consolidate and extend the overall working life of the switch, and is especially suitable for applications requiring extremely high repetition frequency and ultra-long life.

[0040] Specifically, the ablation-resistant metallic material is a copper-tungsten alloy. Copper-tungsten alloys possess high melting points, high hardness, low sputtering rates, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. During the operation of the umbrella-shaped multi-anode structure, although the discharge energy is dispersed, the cathode surface of each discharge channel still experiences extremely high instantaneous thermal loads and ion bombardment during the nanosecond to microsecond-level pulse discharges. The trigger cathode 1, made of copper-tungsten alloy, enhances the absolute ability of the electrode material itself to resist instantaneous ablation, significantly increasing the damage threshold of the electrode surface. Thus, even under long-term, high-intensity, repeated triggering operations, the overall geometry and surface state of the umbrella-shaped cathode remain stable, thereby maintaining the uniformity and reliability of multiple discharge channels.

[0041] In this disclosure, the trigger anode 2 is made of oxygen-free copper. Oxygen-free copper has extremely high electrical and thermal conductivity. Its excellent conductivity ensures that the pulse energy from the trigger pulse source 4 to each discharge gap can be transmitted rapidly with extremely low loss. This is crucial for achieving synchronous discharge of multiple trigger channels and helps reduce trigger jitter. At the same time, its excellent thermal conductivity can quickly diffuse the instantaneous Joule heat generated during the discharge process, avoiding the formation of local hot spots on the anode surface. This effectively prevents the risk of the anode material melting or excessive evaporation due to overheating and maintains the long-term stability of the electrode geometry. In this way, on the one hand, by ensuring low-loss and high-speed current transmission, the reliability of multi-channel synchronous triggering is supported, and the timing performance of the switch is optimized; on the other hand, the efficient heat dissipation capacity improves the working life of the trigger anode 2 itself. Together with the ablation-resistant umbrella-shaped cathode, they form a complete trigger structure that is efficient, durable, and reliable.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, there are four trigger anodes 2, arranged uniformly around each other at 90° intervals. This four-channel, 90° symmetrical layout first achieves complete centrifugal symmetry, allowing the initial plasma generated from the umbrella-shaped cathode working surface to converge and inject into the central main discharge region with maximum symmetry. This highly symmetrical plasma source distribution eliminates the possibility of main discharge emission path deviation due to asymmetric trigger point positions, resulting in a more stable and consistent breakdown process in the main gap.

[0043] Compared to two channels (with limited redundancy) or too many channels (potentially increasing structural complexity and potential failure points), four channels achieve the best balance between providing sufficient redundancy (even if any one channel fails, the system can still operate reliably using the remaining three channels) and maintaining a compact structure and controlling manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the four evenly distributed discharge points maximize the utilization of the effective working surface of the umbrella-shaped cathode, ensuring the most uniform circumferential distribution of the ablation effect during each trigger. This uniformity further slows down the ablation process in any localized area and maintains the consistency of electrical parameters across the four discharge channels over a long period, avoiding the problem of trigger performance degradation over time due to uneven ablation. This ensures the switch's trigger stability and low-jitter characteristics throughout its entire lifespan.

[0044] In one embodiment, the insulator 3 is a ring-shaped alumina ceramic insulator 3. Specifically, alumina ceramic (Al2O3) possesses extremely high insulation strength, volume resistivity, and surface resistivity. When subjected to extremely high pulse voltages, the current is strictly limited to a preset surface discharge channel, effectively preventing trigger failure caused by internal dielectric breakdown or surface leakage, thus ensuring the stability of the trigger channel. Secondly, alumina ceramic exhibits excellent high-temperature stability, high hardness, and good chemical inertness. Under the high-temperature plasma impact generated by each surface flashover, it can effectively resist thermal shock, physical corrosion, and metal vapor contamination. It is not prone to carbonization or the formation of conductive traces, thereby maintaining stable surface insulation performance over a long period.

[0045] Designing insulator 3 as a ring structure matches the surrounding layout of the umbrella-shaped cathode and multiple anodes, providing a uniform and regular insulating platform for multiple discharge gaps. At the same time, the ring shape of insulator 3 has symmetry, which can ensure that the insulating environment of the discharge gap is relatively uniform, which is beneficial to ensuring the consistency of triggering parameters of each channel and reducing trigger jitter.

[0046] In one embodiment, the trigger cathode 1 is connected to the negative output terminal of an external trigger pulse source 4 via a terminal 41, thereby ensuring that the high-voltage negative pulse can reach each working area of ​​the umbrella-shaped cathode synchronously through the shortest path with the lowest inductance. Since all trigger anodes 2 are connected to the grounded switch cathode, a potential difference can be established between the umbrella-shaped cathode and all the surrounding trigger anodes 2. From the circuit structure perspective, this ensures that multiple surface discharge gaps can reach the breakdown threshold almost simultaneously, achieving multi-channel synchronous discharge, which is beneficial for reducing switch trigger jitter.

[0047] In this disclosure, multiple trigger anodes 2 are connected to the main switch cathode 6. Equipotentially connecting all trigger anodes 2 to the main switch cathode 6 achieves a unified trigger reference potential. This ensures that the high-voltage negative pulse applied to the trigger cathode 1 forms a completely consistent and well-defined high electric field relative to all trigger anodes 2, thereby ensuring highly synchronized surface breakdown of the multiple surface discharge gaps distributed around it. Therefore, ensuring the synchronization of multi-channel discharge at the circuit level is a key foundation for achieving low trigger jitter. This connection method constructs the shortest current path from the trigger anodes 2 to the main switch cathode 6, allowing the initial plasma generated by triggering to be efficiently guided and injected into the main discharge region, greatly improving triggering efficiency. This simple and reliable shared connection structure avoids the complex wiring required for separate high-voltage isolation for each trigger anode 2, simplifies the internal electrical connections of the system, enhances insulation reliability, and also improves the manufacturability and stability of the product.

[0048] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the trigger electrode structure further includes a hollow cathode 7 with multiple through holes 71, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the positions of the trigger anode 2. This allows for the establishment of a directional plasma transport channel between the trigger region and the main discharge region. The initial plasma generated between each trigger anode 2 and the umbrella-shaped cathode can be collimated and injected into the main discharge cavity through its corresponding dedicated through hole 71, ensuring that the plasma generated from each independent trigger channel is transported to the main gap with maximum efficiency. This maximizes the retention of the total plasma and energy generated by multi-channel triggering. The uniform transmission of the initial plasma to the main gap through the multiple through holes 71 optimizes the pre-ionization uniformity of the main gap and helps reduce trigger jitter.

[0049] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a pseudo-spark switch is provided.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the dummy spark switch includes a main switch anode 5, a main switch cathode 6, a hollow cathode 7, a hollow anode 8, and an insulating shell 9, wherein a sealed cavity is formed inside the insulating shell 9; the main switch anode 5 and the main switch cathode 6 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart in the sealed cavity to form a main discharge gap in the sealed cavity; the hollow anode 8 is connected to the main switch anode 5 and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode 7 is connected to the main switch cathode 6 and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap; the dummy spark switch also includes a trigger electrode structure for the dummy spark switch, which is arranged on the side of the hollow cathode 7 opposite to the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode 7 has a plurality of through holes 71, and the through holes 71 correspond one-to-one with the trigger anode 2.

[0051] The operation of this pseudo-spark switch is as follows: When a high-voltage negative trigger pulse is applied to the umbrella-shaped common trigger cathode 1, the surface discharge gaps between it and the surrounding multiple trigger anodes 2 break down almost synchronously, generating multiple uniformly distributed initial plasma channels on the surface of the insulator 3. The generated initial plasma is collimated and efficiently injected into the internal cavity of the hollow cathode 7 through the corresponding through holes 71. The injected plasma induces a strong hollow cathode 7 effect within the cavity of the hollow cathode 7. The oscillating motion of charged particles greatly improves the ionization efficiency, generating high-density plasma and forming a high-energy electron beam that exits from the hole at the front end of the hollow cathode 7. This electron beam first passes through the central hole of the hollow anode 8 and enters the main discharge gap, strongly ionizing the working gas in the gap. This process rapidly transitions the discharge from a local glow mode to a high-current pseudo-spark discharge mode that runs through the entire main gap, ultimately establishing a stable low-resistance path between the main switch anode 5 and the main switch cathode 6, completing the switch conduction process.

[0052] Through the above technical solution, the umbrella-shaped multi-anode trigger electrode transforms the traditional single-point concentrated discharge into a multi-point distributed discharge, making the trigger energy uniformly distributed and reducing the local ablation rate of the electrode. This effect, combined with the stable discharge environment formed by the hollow cathode 7 and hollow anode 8, ensures that the switch can maintain an extremely long service life even when subjected to large current surges. The multiple trigger channels provide built-in redundancy, so even if the performance of a single channel deteriorates, the remaining channels can still maintain the switching function through their dedicated through-holes 71. At the same time, the stable sealed cavity formed by the insulating shell 9 ensures the long-term stability of the internal gas environment and electric field distribution, further improving the overall reliability of the system. Multi-channel synchronous triggering can generate highly uniform and rapid pre-ionization in the main gap. The guiding effect of the hollow anode 8 ensures the rapid and consistent switching of the discharge mode. These factors work together to reduce the trigger delay and conduction time jitter of the switch, achieving better pulse timing accuracy.

[0053] Optionally, the number of through holes 71 is the same as the number of trigger anodes 2. In this way, the plasma generated by each independent trigger anode 2 has a dedicated, interference-free, and complete path from generation to injection, avoiding the phenomenon of plasma collision, mixing, or energy cancellation that may occur before injection when multiple trigger channels share a through hole 71 or some channels lack a direct outlet. This ensures that the energy of each plasma path can be delivered to the hollow cathode 7 cavity without loss, thereby providing a strong and uniform pre-ionization source for the main gap, thus guaranteeing the overall performance of the switch.

[0054] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that this utility model is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments, and anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this utility model. The above specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model, which should be determined by the claims, and the description can be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. A trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch, characterized in that, include: The cathode is triggered, forming a centrally symmetrical umbrella-shaped metal electrode; Multiple trigger anodes are arranged symmetrically and at intervals around the trigger cathode, with the axis of the trigger cathode as the center. An insulator is disposed between the trigger cathode and the plurality of trigger anodes, such that each trigger cathode and each trigger anode forms an independent surface discharge gap.

2. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger cathode is made of an ablation-resistant metallic material.

3. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ablation-resistant metallic material is a copper-tungsten alloy.

4. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger anode is made of oxygen-free copper.

5. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of trigger anodes is four, and they are arranged evenly around each other at 90° intervals.

6. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulator is a cyclic alumina ceramic insulator.

7. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger cathode is connected to the negative output terminal of an external trigger pulse source via a terminal block.

8. The trigger electrode structure for a pseudo-spark switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of trigger anodes are connected to the cathode of the main switch.

9. A pseudo-spark switch, characterized in that, The device includes a main switch anode, a main switch cathode, a hollow cathode, a hollow anode, and an insulating shell, wherein a sealed cavity is formed inside the insulating shell; the main switch anode and the main switch cathode are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart in the sealed cavity to form a main discharge gap in the sealed cavity; the hollow anode is connected to the main switch anode and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode is connected to the main switch cathode and is located on its side facing the main discharge gap. The dummy spark switch further includes a trigger electrode structure for the dummy spark switch as described in any one of claims 1-8, the trigger electrode structure being disposed on the side of the hollow cathode opposite to the main discharge gap; the hollow cathode is provided with a plurality of through holes, each of which corresponds to a trigger anode.

10. The pseudo-spark switch according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of through holes is the same as the number of trigger anodes.

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