Controller large current anti-reverse connection circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to electric tool controller technical field, concretely is a kind of controller large current anti-reverse connection circuit, and the circuit includes controller power control circuit and large current anti-reverse connection circuit;The controller power control circuit is used for the power on and off of electric tool controller, and it is powered on or power off for electric tool controller to run or stop;Large current anti-reverse connection circuit element includes metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, digital ground and related auxiliary element;The related auxiliary element includes capacitor, resistance, digital ground, controller pin and 12V DC power supply;Large current anti-reverse connection circuit is cut off current loop by digital ground and controller pin when positive and negative electrode is reversely connected, and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor will be in the reverse bias state, cannot form loop;Form effective current path when normal connection, realize the anti-reverse connection protection under large current scene, improve electric tool controller use safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power tool controller technology, specifically a high-current reverse connection protection circuit for controllers. Background Technology

[0002] Currently available power tool controllers require connection to a battery pack or power supply. If the positive and negative terminals are accidentally reversed during connection, a large reverse current will be generated, exceeding the tolerance range of the components. This reverse current can directly impact internal circuit components, potentially causing damage to the controller, capacitor breakdown, capacitor explosion, chip burnout, or even a fire, posing a serious safety hazard. Traditional reverse connection protection circuits often use ordinary diodes, which suffer from large voltage drops and high power consumption, lacking an effective high-current reverse connection protection mechanism and failing to meet the needs of high-current scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-current reverse connection protection circuit for controllers to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit, which includes a controller power control circuit and a high-current reverse connection protection circuit. The power control circuit of the controller is used to turn the power on and off of the power tool controller, to power the power tool controller to run or to stop the power tool controller when it is powered off. The controller power control circuit consists of a controller power control switch J4, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14, diodes D5, D1, and D4, resistors R1 and R2, a switch signal MCU SW IN, a power supply VCC B+, and an output power supply BAT IN.

[0005] The controller power control switch J4 includes two pins, pin 1 and pin 2. Pin 2 of the controller power control switch J4 is grounded. Pin 1 of the controller power control switch J4 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5 and D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the switch signal MCU SW IN. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to one pin of resistor R2. One pin of resistor R2 is connected to the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 and one pin of resistor R1. The other pin of resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D4 and the power supply VCC B+. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14. The source of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is connected to the output power supply BAT IN.

[0006] The controller power control circuit controls the on / off state of the controller control switch J4 to achieve circuit on / off. The circuit on / off state includes the controller controlling switch J4 to conduct the circuit to ground and form a loop, and the controller controlling switch J4 to disconnect the circuit from ground and prevent the formation of a loop. The diodes D5, D4, and D1 function as forward conduction circuits or reverse cut-off circuits. The reverse cut-off of diodes D5 and D4 can prevent reverse current, ensuring that the current can only flow from the power supply to the circuit ground, and avoiding the current in the circuit flowing back to the power supply, which would cause circuit instability and damage. The resistors R1 and R2 are used for current limiting, limiting the amount of current flowing through the circuit and protecting the components in the circuit.

[0007] When the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is not reverse-connected, when the MCU SW IN sends an open signal, it controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4 through diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to ground through the closing of the controller power control switch J4, and the positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ through resistors R1 and R2. Diode D5 is forward-biased and diode D4 is forward-biased. At this time, the Vgs voltage of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is greater than the Vth conduction voltage, so the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is turned on. The positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ flows to the output power supply BAT_IN through the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14, and the output power supply BAT_IN is powered on, thus completing the power-on control of the controller.

[0008] When the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is reversed, the MCU SW IN sends an open signal, which controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4 via diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to ground through the control of closing the controller power control switch J4, and the positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ through resistors R1 and R2. Diode D5 is reverse-biased and cut off, and diode D4 is reverse-biased and cut off. Therefore, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is disconnected, and the controller cannot complete the power-on control.

[0009] The high-current reverse connection protection circuit includes a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a digital ground, and related auxiliary components. These auxiliary components include capacitors, resistors, diodes, controller pins, and a 12V DC power supply. The controller pins include a positive and a negative pin. When the digital ground and controller pins are reverse-connected, the high-current reverse connection protection circuit cuts off the current loop, causing the MOSFET to be reverse-biased and unable to form a loop. Under normal connection, the digital ground and controller pins are normally connected, and the MOSFET is in a conducting state, forming an effective current path, thus achieving reverse connection protection and improving the safety of the power tool controller.

[0010] The high-current reverse connection protection circuit consists of the controller positive pin H1, the controller negative pin H2, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C1, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C2, capacitor C14, 12V DC power supply VCC 12V, resistor R26, resistor R27, power supply VCCB+, power supply B-, digital ground, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16.

[0011] The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 has a MOS body diode inside; the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16 also has a MOS body diode inside.

[0012] The controller's negative pin H2 is connected to the power supply B-. The controller's positive pin H1 is connected to the power supply VCC B+, the positive terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14. The negative terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14 are simultaneously connected to digital ground. The 12V DC power supply VCC is connected to one pin of resistor R26. The other pin of resistor R26 is connected to one pin of resistor R27, the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The other pin of resistor R27 is connected to digital ground. The power supply B- is connected to the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The sources of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and Q16 are simultaneously connected to digital ground.

[0013] The controller's positive pin H1 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the controller's negative pin H2 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the power supply. Resistors R26 and R27 are used for current limiting, restricting the current flowing through the circuit to ensure voltage stability and protect the components in the circuit. Capacitor C14 is used to stabilize the power supply voltage and reduce the impact of voltage fluctuations on the circuit. High-voltage, high-capacity capacitors C1 and C2 are used for storing and releasing charge. The digital ground is used for the circuit's conductive connection, allowing the circuit to form a loop.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: When the positive and negative terminals of the power tool controller are reversed with the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack or power supply, closing the controller power switch supplies power to the controller. The diodes in the controller power control circuit and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors in the high-current reverse connection protection circuit are all in a reverse bias state, and the digital ground is not connected to the negative terminal of the controller, so a circuit cannot be formed. There is no high current, so there will be no damage to internal components, damage to the controller, capacitor breakdown, capacitor explosion, chip burnout, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This utility model relates to a controller power control circuit with a high current reverse connection protection circuit. Figure 2 This utility model relates to a high-current reverse connection protection circuit for a controller. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] Please see Figures 1-2 This utility model embodiment provides a controller high current reverse connection protection circuit, which includes a controller power control circuit and a high current reverse connection protection circuit. The power control circuit of the controller is used to turn the power on and off of the power tool controller, to power the power tool controller to run or to stop the power tool controller when it is powered off. The controller power control circuit consists of a controller power control switch J4, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14, diodes D5, D1, and D4, resistors R1 and R2, a switch signal MCU SW IN, a power supply VCC B+, and an output power supply BAT IN.

[0018] The controller power control switch J4 includes two pins, pin 1 and pin 2. Pin 2 of the controller power control switch J4 is grounded. Pin 1 of the controller power control switch J4 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5 and D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the switch signal MCU SW IN. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to one pin of resistor R2. One pin of resistor R2 is connected to the gate G of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 and one pin of resistor R1. The other pin of resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D4 and the power supply VCC B+. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the drain D of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14. The source S of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is connected to the output power supply BAT IN.

[0019] The controller power control circuit controls the on / off state of the controller control switch J4 to achieve circuit on / off. The circuit on / off state includes the controller controlling switch J4 to conduct the circuit to ground and form a loop, and the controller controlling switch J4 to disconnect the circuit from ground and prevent the formation of a loop. The diodes D5, D4, and D1 function as forward conduction circuits or reverse cut-off circuits. The reverse cut-off of diodes D5 and D4 can prevent reverse current, ensuring that the current can only flow from the power supply to the circuit ground, and avoiding the current in the circuit flowing back to the power supply, which would cause circuit instability and damage. The resistors R1 and R2 are used for current limiting, limiting the amount of current flowing through the circuit and protecting the components in the circuit.

[0020] When the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is not reverse-connected, when the MCU SW IN sends an open signal, it controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4 through diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to ground through the closing of the controller power control switch J4, and the positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ through resistors R1 and R2. Diode D5 is forward-biased and diode D4 is forward-biased. At this time, the Vgs voltage of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is greater than the Vth turn-on voltage, so the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is turned on. The positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ flows to the output power supply BAT_IN through the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14. The output power supply BAT_IN is powered on, and the controller completes the power-on control. When the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is reversed, the MCU SW IN sends an open signal, which controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4 via diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to ground through the control of closing the controller power control switch J4, and the positive terminal of diode D5 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply VCC B+ through resistors R1 and R2. Diode D5 is reverse-biased and cut off, and diode D4 is reverse-biased and cut off. Therefore, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is disconnected, and the controller cannot complete the power-on control.

[0021] The high-current reverse connection protection circuit includes a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a digital ground, and related auxiliary components. These auxiliary components include capacitors, resistors, diodes, controller pins, and a 12V DC power supply. The controller pins include a positive and a negative pin. When the digital ground and controller pins are reverse-connected, the high-current reverse connection protection circuit cuts off the current loop, causing the MOSFET to be reverse-biased and unable to form a loop. Under normal connection, the digital ground and controller pins are normally connected, and the MOSFET is in a conducting state, forming an effective current path, thus achieving reverse connection protection and improving the safety of the power tool controller.

[0022] The high-current reverse connection protection circuit consists of the controller positive pin H1, the controller negative pin H2, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C1, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C2, capacitor C14, 12V DC power supply VCC 12V, resistor R26, resistor R27, power supply VCCB+, power supply B-, digital ground, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16.

[0023] The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 has a MOS body diode inside; the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16 also has a MOS body diode inside.

[0024] The controller's negative pin H2 is connected to the power supply B-. The controller's positive pin H1 is connected to the power supply VCC B+, the positive terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14. The negative terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14 are simultaneously connected to digital ground. The 12V DC power supply VCC is connected to one pin of resistor R26. The other pin of resistor R26 is connected to one pin of resistor R27, the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The other pin of resistor R27 is connected to digital ground. The power supply B- is connected to the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The sources of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and Q16 are simultaneously connected to digital ground.

[0025] The controller's positive pin H1 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the controller's negative pin H2 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the power supply. Resistors R26 and R27 are used for current limiting, restricting the current flowing through the circuit to ensure voltage stability and protect the components in the circuit. Capacitor C14 is used to stabilize the power supply voltage and reduce the impact of voltage fluctuations on the circuit. High-voltage, high-capacity capacitors C1 and C2 are used for storing and releasing charge. The digital ground is used for the circuit's conductive connection, allowing the circuit to form a loop.

[0026] When the positive terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is connected to the positive pin H1 of the controller and the negative terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is connected to the negative pin H2 of the controller, the positive terminals of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply, and the negative terminals of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are connected to the digital ground. At this time, when the controller completes the power-on control, the 12V DC power supply VCC_12V is energized, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 is in the conducting state, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16 is in the conducting state, and the digital ground is connected to the negative pin H2 of the controller. The high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1 and C2 are charged.

[0027] When the negative terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is connected to the positive terminal H1 of the controller, and the positive terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply is connected to the negative terminal H2 of the controller, the positive terminals of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage battery pack or power supply, and the negative terminals of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are connected to the digital ground. At this time, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 is in reverse bias, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16 is in reverse bias, and the digital ground is disconnected from the negative terminal H2 of the controller. A circuit cannot be formed, there is no large current, the controller does not respond and will not be damaged.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-current reverse connection protection circuit for a controller, characterized in that, The circuit includes a controller power control circuit and a high-current reverse connection protection circuit. The power control circuit of the controller is used to turn the power on and off of the power tool controller, to power the power tool controller to run or to stop the power tool controller when it is powered off. The high-current reverse connection protection circuit components include a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, a digital ground, and related auxiliary components; The relevant auxiliary components include capacitors, diodes, resistors, controller pins, and a 12V DC power supply; The controller pins include a controller positive pin and a controller negative pin; The high-current reverse connection protection circuit cuts off the current loop when the digital ground and controller pins are reverse-biased, causing the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor to be in a reverse bias state and unable to form a loop. When normally connected, the digital ground and controller pins are normally connected, and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is in a conducting state, forming an effective current path, thereby achieving reverse connection protection and improving the safety of using the power tool controller.

2. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller power control circuit consists of a controller power control switch J4, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14, diodes D5, D1, and D4, resistors R1 and R2, a switch signal MCU SW IN, a power supply VCC B+, and an output power supply BATIN.

3. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controller power control switch J4 includes two pins, pin 1 and pin 2. Pin 2 of the controller power control switch J4 is grounded. Pin 1 of the controller power control switch J4 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5 and D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the switch signal MCU SW IN. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to one pin of resistor R2. One pin of resistor R2 is connected to the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 and one pin of resistor R1. The other pin of resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D4 and the power supply VCC B+. The negative terminal of diode D4 is connected to the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14. The source of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is connected to the output power supply BAT IN.

4. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controller power control circuit controls the on / off state of the controller control switch J4 to achieve circuit on / off. The circuit on / off state includes the controller controlling switch J4 to conduct the circuit to ground and form a loop, and the controller controlling switch J4 to disconnect the circuit from ground and prevent the formation of a loop. The diodes D5, D4, and D1 function as forward conduction circuits or reverse cut-off circuits. The reverse cut-off of diodes D5 and D4 can prevent reverse current, ensuring that the current can only flow from the power supply to the circuit ground, and avoiding the current in the circuit flowing back to the power supply, which would cause circuit instability and damage. The resistors R1 and R2 are used for current limiting, limiting the amount of current flowing through the circuit and protecting the components in the circuit.

5. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-current reverse connection protection circuit consists of the controller positive pin H1, the controller negative pin H2, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C1, high-voltage high-capacity capacitor C2, capacitor C14, 12V DC power supply VCC 12V, resistor R26, resistor R27, power supply VCC B+, power supply B-, digital ground, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16.

6. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 has a MOS body diode inside; the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16 also has a MOS body diode inside.

7. The controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller's negative pin H2 is connected to the power supply B-. The controller's positive pin H1 is connected to the power supply VCC B+, the positive terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14. The negative terminals of high-voltage large-capacity capacitors C1, C2, and C14 are simultaneously connected to digital ground. The 12V DC power supply VCC is connected to one pin of resistor R26. The other pin of resistor R26 is connected to one pin of resistor R27, the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15, and the gate of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The other pin of resistor R27 is connected to digital ground. The power supply B- is connected to the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and the drain of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q16. The sources of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q15 and Q16 are simultaneously connected to digital ground.

8. A controller high-current reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller's positive pin H1 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the controller's negative pin H2 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the power supply. Resistors R26 and R27 are used for current limiting, restricting the current flowing through the circuit to ensure voltage stability and protect the components in the circuit. Capacitor C14 is used to stabilize the power supply voltage and reduce the impact of voltage fluctuations on the circuit. High-voltage, high-capacity capacitors C1 and C2 are used for storing and releasing charge. The digital ground is used for the circuit's conductive connection, allowing the circuit to form a loop.

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