A simple AC-DC conversion device based on diode bridge rectification

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simple AC-DC conversion device based on diode bridge rectification relates to power electronics technical field, including input module, bridge rectifier module, energy storage module, filter module, output module and power module, input module is used for receiving AC input, bridge rectifier module and input module electric connection are used for rectifying alternating current as pulsating direct current. The utility model discloses simple structure, low in cost is suitable for low pressure, low power direct current power supply occasion, through the modular design, the circuit structure is greatly simplified, and the line connection complexity is reduced, and the manufacturing and assembly cost are reduced. Without complex control chip or high frequency conversion circuit, perfect matching low power electronic equipment, teaching experiment demonstration etc. scene's basic direct current power supply demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power electronics technology, specifically to a simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification. Background Technology

[0002] AC-DC converters, as a core foundational module in the field of power electronics, play a crucial role in converting alternating current (AC) from the public power grid (such as 220V AC or 110V AC) into direct current (DC) for various electronic devices. They serve as a vital bridge connecting the power grid and DC loads. In modern electronic applications, from everyday low-power electronic devices (such as LED lighting, simple household appliances, and small sensors) to educational experiments (demonstration of power electronic rectification principles and basic circuit building training), and low-power industrial applications (power supply for simple drive modules and microcontroller control circuits), all rely on AC-DC converters to provide stable and compatible DC power. Their performance and design rationality directly determine the operational stability, energy consumption, and operating costs of downstream electronic devices. They are essential for supporting the implementation of various basic electronic applications and promoting the widespread adoption of low-power electronic systems, holding irreplaceable significance in areas such as residential electricity supply, educational training, and light industrial power supply. In today's numerous electronic device applications, existing AC-DC converters are often characterized by their complex designs. Their internal circuitry involves a large number of electronic components and intricate wiring, which not only complicates the manufacturing process but also presents significant challenges for subsequent maintenance and repair. At the same time, these devices are generally expensive, and in scenarios where high precision is not required, such as LED lighting drivers, industrial motor control, and educational experimental demonstrations, this high-cost design is a heavy burden. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, a simplified AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification is provided. This solution overcomes the challenges of complex AC-DC converter designs, which involve numerous electronic components and intricate wiring, making manufacturing cumbersome and posing significant challenges for maintenance and repair. Furthermore, such devices are generally expensive.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification includes an input module, a bridge rectification module, an energy storage module, a filter module, an output module, and a power supply module. The input module is used to receive AC power input. The bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module and is used to rectify AC power into pulsating DC power. The input terminal of the energy storage module is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier module to absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

[0005] Preferably, the filtering module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier module to filter the rectified output and output a stable DC voltage; the output module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module to provide a DC pulse voltage output; and the power supply module is used to provide an external operating voltage.

[0006] Preferably, the bridge rectifier module integrates four rectifier diodes, which are connected in pairs to form a bridge structure. The input terminal of the bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module to rectify the AC voltage into a full-wave pulsating DC voltage.

[0007] Preferably, the energy storage module integrates a common-mode inductor L1, and the two ends of the common-mode inductor L1 are connected in parallel with electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3, respectively. Electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3 absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

[0008] Preferably, the filter module integrates SR5100 Schottky diodes D4 and D5, which are connected in parallel. The output terminal of SR5100 Schottky diode D4 is electrically connected to electrolytic capacitors C8 and C9, and electrolytic capacitor C8 is grounded.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention proposes a simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification. It features a simple structure and low cost, making it suitable for low-voltage, low-power DC power supply applications. Through modular design, it significantly simplifies circuit construction, reduces wiring complexity, and lowers manufacturing and assembly costs. It eliminates the need for complex control chips or high-frequency conversion circuits, perfectly matching the basic DC power supply needs of low-power electronic devices, teaching experiments, and other scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the bridge rectifier module in this utility model; Figure 3 This is the circuit diagram of the energy storage module in this utility model; Figure 4This is the circuit diagram of the filter module in this utility model; Figure 5 This is the circuit diagram of the microcontroller in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0012] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification in this utility model embodiment includes an input module, a bridge rectification module, an energy storage module, a filter module, an output module, and a power supply module. The input module is used to receive AC power input. The bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module and is used to rectify AC power into pulsating DC power. The input terminal of the energy storage module is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier module to absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

[0013] The filter module is electrically connected to the output of the bridge rectifier module to filter the rectified output and provide a stable DC voltage. The output module is electrically connected to the output of the energy storage module to provide a DC pulse voltage output. The power supply module is used to provide the external operating voltage.

[0014] The bridge rectifier module integrates four rectifier diodes, which are connected in pairs to form a bridge structure. The input terminal of the bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module to rectify AC voltage into full-wave pulsating DC voltage.

[0015] The energy storage module integrates a common-mode inductor L1. The two ends of the common-mode inductor L1 are connected in parallel with electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3, respectively. Electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3 absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

[0016] The filter module integrates SR5100 Schottky diodes D4 and D5, which are connected in parallel. The output terminal of SR5100 Schottky diode D4 is electrically connected to electrolytic capacitors C8 and C9, and electrolytic capacitor C8 is grounded.

[0017] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the power supply module is connected to the VDD terminal of the microcontroller to provide external voltage to the microcontroller, thereby controlling the power supply of the entire circuit. Furthermore, the bridge rectifier module can replace the diodes with rectifier bridge components such as ABS10; the capacitance value of the electrolytic capacitor is selected according to the load current and output voltage ripple requirements, with a typical value of 100μF~470μF.

[0018] In this embodiment, the AC power supply is connected through the input module, which is electrically connected to a safety capacitor. The safety capacitor can effectively reduce high-frequency noise on the power line or signal line, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference and enhancing the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, the input module is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier module. The bridge rectifier module consists of four rectifier diodes forming a bridge structure, connected in pairs. When the input sine wave has a positive half-wave, two diodes are conducting, resulting in a positive output. When the input sine wave has a negative half-wave, the other two diodes are conducting. Since these two diodes are reverse-connected, the output is still the positive half-wave. The bridge rectifier's efficiency for utilizing the input sine wave is twice that of half-wave rectification. Bridge rectification is the first step in converting AC to DC, used to achieve full-wave rectification. Figure 3 As shown, a common-mode inductor is added after the bridge rectifier module. The common-mode inductor and the electrolytic capacitor are connected in parallel to form an energy storage module. The energy storage characteristics of the electrolytic capacitor act as a transient current buffer. When the load changes abruptly, the electrolytic capacitor quickly releases the stored energy to prevent a sudden drop in output voltage, thus providing a smooth DC output voltage. The common-mode inductor helps suppress common-mode interference from the power grid from entering the equipment, preventing common-mode interference generated by the equipment itself from polluting the power grid.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown. When an external AC power supply is connected, the bridge rectifier module in the circuit converts it into a pulsed DC voltage. The pulsed DC voltage passes through a switching power supply transformer, which, through high-frequency switching control (typically tens of kHz to MHz), converts the input pulsed DC voltage into the required output voltage. Its working principle is based on magnetic coupling: the pulsed current of the primary coil forms an alternating magnetic field in the ferrite core, which in turn induces a voltage in the secondary coil. This design allows the transformer to efficiently transfer energy in a pulsed state, rather than the sinusoidal processing method of traditional power frequency transformers. Two SR5100 Schottky diodes are connected to the output of the transformer. As Schottky diodes, the SR5100 has low forward voltage drop (0.85V@5A) and fast reverse recovery characteristics, which can efficiently convert the pulsed voltage output by the transformer into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage. The smoothed voltage filtered by electrolytic capacitors C8 and C9 flows into the input of the LDO, which converts it into the 5V operating voltage required by the microcontroller. After the microcontroller receives power, it begins to work. In this embodiment, the microcontroller circuit is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0021] In summary, the advantages of this invention are: simple structure and low cost, suitable for low-voltage, low-power DC power supply applications. Modular design significantly simplifies circuit construction, reduces wiring complexity, and lowers manufacturing and assembly costs. It eliminates the need for complex control chips or high-frequency conversion circuits, perfectly matching the basic DC power supply needs of low-power electronic devices, teaching experiments, and demonstrations.

[0022] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification, characterized in that, It includes an input module, a bridge rectifier module, an energy storage module, a filter module, an output module, and a power supply module, wherein the input module is used to receive AC power input; The bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module and is used to rectify AC power into pulsating DC power. The input terminal of the energy storage module is electrically connected to the bridge rectifier module to absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

2. The simplified AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtering module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier module and is used to filter the rectified output to output a stable DC voltage. The output module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the energy storage module and is used to provide DC pulse voltage output. The power supply module is used to provide external operating voltage.

3. A simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bridge rectifier module integrates four rectifier diodes, which are connected in pairs to form a bridge structure. The input terminal of the bridge rectifier module is electrically connected to the input module to rectify the AC voltage into a full-wave pulsating DC voltage.

4. A simple AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage module integrates a common-mode inductor L1, with its two ends connected in parallel with electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3, respectively. Electrolytic capacitors C2 and C3 absorb the pulsating components after AC rectification and convert the unstable DC voltage into a relatively smooth voltage.

5. A simplified AC-DC converter based on diode bridge rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtering module integrates SR5100 Schottky diodes D4 and D5, which are connected in parallel. The output terminal of SR5100 Schottky diode D4 is electrically connected to electrolytic capacitors C8 and C9, and electrolytic capacitor C8 is grounded.

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