Battery equalization-based charging control apparatus, system, and device

Abstract

The application provides a charging control device, system and equipment based on battery equalization, wherein the charging control device is connected between a power supply and a battery pack, and is used for equalizing charging of the battery pack. In an initial charging stage, the charging control device charges the battery pack by using a first current output by the power supply. As the charging process proceeds, when it is detected that there is a battery to be equalized in the battery pack and the battery to be equalized contains a first section single battery, the battery to be equalized is charged by using the first current; and if the battery to be equalized does not contain the first section single battery, the battery to be equalized is charged by using a second current output by the power supply. The technical scheme can not only equalize the battery by using the second current output by the power supply, but also reuse the first current output by the power supply for battery equalization, and meanwhile, the cost and energy utilization rate are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging technology, and in particular to a charging control device, system and apparatus based on battery equalization. Background Technology

[0002] Battery packs typically consist of multiple individual cells (such as lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries) connected in series to provide a high voltage to meet the power requirements of a power system. Because the manufacturing processes, material consistency, and charge / discharge rates of the individual cells within a battery pack may vary, inconsistencies in the voltage of the individual cells can occur during charging and discharging. This inconsistency can significantly reduce the performance of the battery pack and, in severe cases, accelerate its damage. Therefore, battery balancing is one of the core technologies in battery pack management.

[0003] Existing battery balancing solutions include passive and active balancing schemes. Passive balancing primarily refers to dissipative balancing, where when an excessively high voltage is detected in a single cell within the battery pack, excess energy is dissipated as heat through parallel resistors, switching transistors, or other components until the voltage of that cell converges with the voltages of the other cells. However, this method involves significant energy waste. Active balancing primarily refers to energy transfer balancing, which uses energy storage components such as inductors, capacitors, transformers, and DC-DC converters to "transfer" energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells, achieving energy redistribution. While this solution eliminates energy waste, it is structurally complex and costly.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of passive and active balancing schemes, a new battery balancing scheme is urgently needed to balance cost and energy utilization. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application addresses the shortcomings of existing battery balancing solutions by providing a charging control device, system, and equipment based on battery balancing, which balances the cost and energy utilization of battery balancing solutions.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this application provides a battery balancing-based charging control device connected between a power supply and a battery pack for balancing the charging of the battery pack. The battery pack includes N individual cells connected in series and numbered sequentially according to the charging direction. The charging control device includes a voltage detection unit and a charging control unit, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0007] The voltage detection unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each individual cell in the battery pack and the charging control unit. The charging control unit is used to charge the battery pack using the first current output by the power supply. The voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage of each individual cell and output it to the charging control unit.

[0008] The charging control unit is also used to determine, based on the voltage of each individual cell, that there is a cell to be balanced in the battery pack and that the cell to be balanced includes the first individual cell, and then use the first current to charge the cell to be balanced; and when the cell to be balanced does not include the first individual cell, use the second current output by the power supply to charge the cell to be balanced.

[0009] Optionally, the charging control unit includes an equalization judgment circuit, N first control switches, and a switch control unit;

[0010] The equalization judgment circuit is connected to the voltage detection unit and the switch control unit. The switch control unit is also connected to N first control switches. Among the N first control switches, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual cell and the negative terminal of the battery pack or between the positive terminal of the 1st individual cell and the positive terminal of the battery pack. The nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the nth individual cell and the negative terminal of the battery pack. n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-1).

[0011] The equalization judgment circuit is used to obtain the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack from the voltage detection unit, calculate the voltage difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the individual cells in the battery pack, and output an equalization indication signal when the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage threshold. The equalization indication signal is used to indicate that there is a cell to be equalized in the battery pack and carries the identification information of the cell to be equalized.

[0012] The switch control unit is used to determine the identifier of the battery to be balanced according to the balancing indication signal. When the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell, it controls the on / off state of the N first control switches to replenish the battery to be balanced with the first current. When the battery to be balanced does not include the first single cell, it controls the on / off state of the N first control switches to replenish the battery to be balanced with the second current.

[0013] Optionally, the power supply includes N current output terminals and a power negative terminal. The N current output terminals are connected to the positive terminals of N individual batteries through the charging control device, and the power negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack through the charging control device.

[0014] When the battery to be balanced includes x1 adjacent individual cells, including the first individual cell, the switch control unit controls the x1th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current output from the power supply through the first current output terminal, while the other current output terminals of the power supply have no current. This allows the first current to be used to replenish the adjacent x1 individual cells, where x1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; or...

[0015] When the battery to be balanced includes two adjacent cells, including the Nth cell, the switch control unit controls the Nth first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current output from the power supply through the first current output terminal and the second current output from the (N-x2+1)th current output terminal. There is no current at the other current output terminals. This allows the battery pack to be charged using the first current while the adjacent x2 cells are simultaneously charged using the second current, where x2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; or...

[0016] When the battery to be balanced is an adjacent x3 cells of the battery pack that do not include the first cell and the Nth cell, and the first cell of the adjacent x3 cells is the i-th cell and the last cell is the j-th cell, the switch control unit controls the j-th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the second current output by the power supply through the i-th current output terminal, and there is no current output from the other current output terminals, so as to use the second current to replenish the adjacent x3 cells of the battery pack, where x3 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

[0017] Optionally, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The power supply includes a first current output terminal, a second current output terminal, and a power supply negative terminal. The charging control unit also includes N second control switches. The first current output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the first individual battery through the first second control switch. The second current output terminal is connected to the positive terminals of the second individual battery to the Nth individual battery through (N-1) second control switches. The power supply negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery.

[0018] The switch control unit determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack according to the equalization indication signal, and controls the on / off state of the N first control switches and the N second control switches according to the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack, so as to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced and thus replenish the battery to be balanced.

[0019] Optionally, the battery to be balanced includes a first group of batteries and a second group of batteries spaced at least one cell apart. The first group of batteries includes four adjacent cells, including the first cell. The second group of batteries includes five adjacent cells. The switch control unit controls the fourth first control switch to be turned on, the second control switch connected to the positive terminal of the first cell in the second group of batteries to be turned on, and the first control switch connected to the negative terminal of the fifth cell in the second group of batteries to be turned on. The other first and second control switches are turned off. The first group of batteries is charged with the first current received from the first current output terminal, and the second group of batteries is charged with the second current received from the second current output terminal. x4 and x5 are both integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-2).

[0020] Optionally, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The power supply includes a first current output terminal and a power supply negative terminal. The charging control unit also includes N second control switches. The first current output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the Nth individual battery through the Nth second control switch, and the power supply negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery.

[0021] The switch control unit determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack according to the equalization indication signal. Based on the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack, it controls one of the N first control switches and one of the N second control switches to turn on in a time-division manner, so as to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced and thus replenish the battery to be balanced.

[0022] Optionally, the voltage detection unit is also connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack;

[0023] The voltage detection unit is also used to detect the total voltage of the battery pack and output it to the charging control unit. The charging control unit is also used to determine whether the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack. When the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack, it determines whether there are batteries to be balanced based on the voltage of each individual battery in the battery pack. When the total voltage of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery pack, it controls the power supply to stop charging and / or replenishing the battery pack.

[0024] Optionally, the charging control unit is further configured to output a current balancing signal when it is determined that there are batteries to be balanced in the battery pack. The current balancing signal is used to instruct the power supply to adjust the magnitude of the output current so that the charging control unit can charge and / or replenish the battery pack using the adjusted first current and / or second current.

[0025] The second aspect of this application also provides a battery-balanced charging control system, including a power supply, a battery pack, and a battery-balanced charging control device as described in the first aspect.

[0026] The charging control device is connected between the power supply and the battery pack, and is used to control the power supply to charge the battery pack in a balanced manner.

[0027] A third aspect of this application also provides an electromechanical device, including:

[0028] The battery-balanced charging control device as described in the first aspect or the battery-balanced charging control system as described in the second aspect;

[0029] The load circuit has its two ends connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively.

[0030] In the embodiments of this application, a battery balancing-based charging control device is connected between the power supply and the battery pack, which can perform balancing charging of the battery pack. In the initial charging stage, the charging control device uses a first current output from the power supply to charge the battery pack. As the charging process progresses, when it detects the presence of a battery to be balanced within the battery pack, and that battery contains a first single cell, the first current is used to replenish the charge of the battery to be balanced. If the battery to be balanced does not contain a first single cell, a second current output from the power supply is used to replenish the charge of the battery to be balanced. In this technical solution, depending on the position of the battery to be balanced within the battery pack, not only can the second current output from the power supply be used to balance the battery, but the first current output from the power supply can also be reused for battery balancing. This method is simpler in structure and lower in cost compared to existing active balancing schemes, and significantly reduces energy waste and improves energy utilization compared to existing passive balancing schemes, thus addressing both cost and energy utilization issues. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit module of a battery balancing-based charging control system provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of two connection relationships between the battery pack and the charging control device in the first embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the charging control unit and the battery pack in the first embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figures 4A to 4C This is a schematic diagram of the charging current path of the battery to be balanced in the first embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the charging control device and the battery pack provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figures 6A to 6C This is a schematic diagram of the charging current path of the battery to be balanced in the second embodiment;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the charging control device and the battery pack provided in the third embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of the charging control method based on battery balancing provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, appearing in this application specification, claims, and drawings, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used to distinguish different objects and are not used to describe a specific order. Connections in this application include direct connections and indirect connections. An indirect connection refers to the presence of other electronic components, pins, etc., between the two connected components. The term "XX terminal" mentioned in this application may or may not be an actual terminal, such as simply one end of a component or one end of a wire. The term "and / or includes three cases" mentioned in this application, such as A and / or B, includes A, B, and A and B.

[0042] Battery packs are typically formed by connecting multiple individual cells (such as lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries) in series. As an energy combination that provides stable voltage, capacity, and power, they are widely used in consumer electronics, transportation, energy storage, industrial applications, communication equipment, and many other fields. In practical applications, due to differences in manufacturing processes, material consistency, and charge / discharge rates, parameters such as capacity, voltage, and internal resistance of individual cells gradually become inconsistent, leading to problems such as wasted capacity, charging risks, and shortened lifespan in battery packs. Specifically, during discharge, the cell with the lowest capacity will discharge completely first, leaving the remaining capacity of other cells unused, thus reducing the overall capacity of the battery pack. During charging, the cell with the lowest capacity will fully charge first, and continuing to charge it will lead to overcharging, potentially causing electrolyte decomposition, overheating, or even fire and explosion risks. Furthermore, long-term overcharging / over-discharging accelerates the aging of individual cells, resulting in a significant reduction in the cycle life of the battery pack (typically, the lifespan of a battery pack is determined by the cell in the worst condition). Therefore, battery balancing in a battery pack is essential during battery pack use. It can make the state (voltage, remaining capacity, etc.) of each individual battery cell more consistent, thus ensuring battery pack performance, extending service life, and ensuring safety during battery pack use.

[0043] As described in the background section, existing battery balancing methods mainly include passive balancing and active balancing. However, both methods have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, passive balancing methods have simple structures and low costs but waste energy, while active balancing methods have high energy utilization but complex structures and high costs. In other words, existing balancing methods cannot balance cost and energy utilization.

[0044] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a battery balancing-based charging control device connected between a power supply and a battery pack. In the initial charging phase, the charging control device uses a first current output from the power supply to charge the battery pack. As the charging process progresses, when a battery to be balanced is detected in the battery pack and this battery contains a first single cell, the first current is used to replenish the battery's charge. If the battery to be balanced does not contain a first single cell, a second current output from the power supply is used to replenish the battery's charge. This technical solution, based on the battery's position in the battery pack, can balance the battery using both the second current output from the power supply and the first current output from the power supply. Compared to existing active balancing schemes, this method is simpler in structure and lower in cost. Compared to existing passive balancing schemes, it significantly reduces energy waste and improves energy utilization, thus addressing both cost and energy efficiency issues.

[0045] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] First Embodiment

[0047] For example, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit module of a battery-balanced charging control system provided in the first embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the charging control system may include a power supply 10, a battery pack 20, and a charging control device 30 connected between the power supply 10 and the battery pack 20. The charging control device 30 is used to charge the battery pack 20 evenly using the power supply 10.

[0048] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the battery pack 20 includes N individual cells connected in series and numbered sequentially according to the charging direction, namely B1, B2, ..., BN, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The positive terminal of these individual cells connected in series serves as the positive terminal of the battery pack 20, and the negative terminal of these individual cells connected in series serves as the negative terminal of the battery pack 20. That is, the positive terminal of individual cell B1 is the positive terminal of the battery pack 20, and the negative terminal of individual cell BN is the negative terminal of the battery pack 20.

[0049] In this embodiment, the positive and negative terminals of the N individual battery cells are both connected to the charging control device 30, which is connected to the current output terminal and the negative terminal IPD of the power supply 10, respectively. Figure 1 The power supply 10 includes N current output terminals (IP1 to IPN) as an example. The first current output terminal IP1 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack 20 via a charging control device 30. The second to Nth current output terminals IP2 are connected to the positive terminals of the second to Nth individual cells via the charging control device 30, respectively. The negative terminal IPD is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 via the charging control device 30. Under the control of the internal control logic of the power supply 10, the power supply 10 can selectively output a first current i1 through the first current output terminal IP1 and / or output a second current i2 through at least one of the second to Nth current output terminals IP2 to IPN to charge or replenish the battery pack 20.

[0050] It is understood that in this embodiment, the currents output from the second current output terminal IP2 to the Nth current output terminal IPN are all referred to as the second current i2. In practical applications, the currents output by each current output terminal can be the same or different, and the values ​​of the second current i2 output by each current output terminal can also be different. They can be determined according to different design requirements, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, when the power supply outputs a first current through the first current output terminal, if the power supply forms a charging circuit with the battery pack through the charging control device, then in the initial stage, the charging control unit can control the charging circuit of the battery pack to be turned on. That is, the first current output by the power supply through the first current output terminal flows into the battery pack from the positive terminal of the first single cell in the battery pack, flows through the first single cell to the Nth single cell in sequence, and flows out from the negative terminal of the Nth single cell, thereby realizing the purpose of the power supply charging the entire battery pack.

[0052] For example, Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating two connection relationships between the battery pack and the charging control device in the first embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, in this embodiment, the charging control device 30 includes a voltage detection unit 31 and a charging control unit 32. The voltage detection unit 31 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each individual cell in the battery pack 20 and the charging control unit 32. The charging control unit 32 charges the battery pack 20 using a first current i1 output from the power supply 10. The voltage detection unit 31 detects the voltage of each individual cell and outputs it to the charging control unit 32. The charging control unit 32 is also used to, based on the voltage of each individual cell, determine if there is a cell to be balanced in the battery pack 20, and if the cell to be balanced includes the first individual cell B1, then use the first current i1 to charge the cell to be balanced; if the cell to be balanced does not include the first individual cell B1, then use the second current i2 output from the power supply 10 to charge the cell to be balanced.

[0053] As an example, refer to Figure 2A As shown, the voltage detection unit 31 includes N voltage sampling modules (vp1 to vpN), each connected to the positive and negative terminals of one of the N individual battery cells. Based on the obtained positive and negative terminal voltages of each individual battery cell, the unit calculates the voltage (VB1 to VBN) across each cell and outputs it to the charging control unit 32. The charging control unit 32 then uses the maximum voltage (VBmax) and minimum voltage (VBmin) of each individual battery cell in the battery pack 20 to determine if there are any cells in the battery pack 20 that need to be equalized. This implementation is simple, accurate, and easy to implement; however, because each of the N voltage sampling modules experiences some power loss, it suffers from high power consumption.

[0054] To reduce the power consumption of the voltage detection unit, this embodiment also provides another implementation of the voltage detection unit. (Refer to...) Figure 2B As shown, the voltage detection unit 31 includes one voltage sampling module (vp) and 2N switches. Switches M11 to MN1 are connected between the positive terminals of the N individual cells and the first input terminal of the voltage sampling module, and switches M12 to MN2 are connected between the negative terminals of the N individual cells and the second input terminal of the voltage sampling module. The charging control unit 32 is used to detect the voltage (VB1 to VBN) of the N individual cells in a time-division multiplexing manner within a detection cycle. That is, the charging control unit 32 can divide the detection cycle into N detection stages, and detect the voltage (VB1 to VBN) of the N individual cells in each of the N detection stages. For example, in the first detection stage, the charging control unit 32 controls switches M11 and M12 to turn on and the other switches to turn off, so that the two input terminals of the voltage sampling module can be connected to the positive and negative voltages of the first individual cell, respectively, and output the voltage VB1 of the first individual cell after processing. Similarly, the voltage detection unit 31 can output the voltages of the other (N-1) individual cells. This implementation method is relatively... Figure 2A The implementation shown reduces the power consumption of the charging control device because only one voltage sampling module consumes power.

[0055] Understandably, the above Figure 2A and Figure 2B The voltage sampling module can be implemented using an operational amplifier. It can use the actual voltage as the sampling voltage, or it can amplify or reduce the actual voltage as the sampling voltage. This application does not limit this.

[0056] In addition, in other embodiments of this application, the voltage detection unit 31 may also collect the voltage of a single cell by means of a resistor voltage divider, and this application does not limit it.

[0057] As an example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the charging control unit and the battery pack in the first embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 3As shown, the charging control unit 32 includes an equalization judgment circuit 321, N first control switches (K11 to K1N), and a switch control unit 322. The equalization judgment circuit 321 is connected to the voltage detection unit 31 and the switch control unit 322, and the switch control unit 322 is also connected to the N first control switches. Among the N first control switches, the Nth first control switch (K1N) is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual cell BN and the negative terminal of the battery pack 20, and the nth first control switch K1n is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual cell BN and the negative terminal of the battery pack 20, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-1). It is understood that in other embodiments, the Nth first control switch (K1N) is connected between the positive terminal of the first individual cell B1 and the positive terminal of the battery pack 20. In this connection, the control logic of the N first control switches (K11 to K1N) is slightly different. Optionally, Figure 3 The battery pack 20 consists of three individual cells (B1, B2, and B3), which will be explained in detail below.

[0058] In this embodiment, the equalization judgment circuit 321 is used to obtain the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack 20 from the voltage detection unit 31, calculate the voltage difference ΔVB between the maximum voltage VBmax and the minimum voltage VBmin of the individual cells in the battery pack 20, and output an equalization indication signal JHD when the voltage difference ΔVB is greater than a preset voltage threshold Vref. The equalization indication signal JHD is used to indicate that there is a battery to be equalized in the battery pack 20 and carries the identification information of the battery to be equalized. Correspondingly, the switch control unit 322 is used to determine the identification of the battery to be equalized according to the equalization indication signal. When the battery to be equalized includes the first individual cell B1, it controls the on / off state of N first control switches to replenish the battery to be equalized with a first current i1. When the battery to be equalized does not include the first individual cell B1, it controls the on / off state of N first control switches to replenish the battery to be equalized with a second current i2.

[0059] Optional, refer to Figure 3As shown, the equalization judgment circuit 321 may include a first selector OP1, a second selector OP2, a first arithmetic unit MI, and a comparison unit CP. The input terminals of both the first selector OP1 and the second selector OP2 are used to receive the voltage (VB1~VBN) of each individual battery cell. The output terminals of both are connected to the input terminal of the arithmetic unit MI. The output terminal of the arithmetic unit MI is connected to the first input terminal of the comparison unit CP. The second input terminal of the comparison unit CP is used to input a preset voltage threshold Vref. The output terminal of the comparison unit CP is connected to the switch control unit 322. The first selector OP1 is used to select the maximum voltage VBmax from the voltages (VB1~VBN) of each individual battery cell, and the second selector OP2 is used to select the minimum voltage VBmin from the voltages (VB1~VBN). Optionally, the first arithmetic unit MI can be implemented using a subtractor. It is used to calculate the voltage difference ΔVB between the received maximum voltage VBmax and the minimum voltage VBmin. Correspondingly, the comparison unit CP compares the received voltage difference ΔVB with the preset voltage threshold Vref to determine whether a battery in the battery pack 20 needs to be equalized. Specifically, when the voltage difference ΔVB is greater than the preset voltage threshold Vref, it indicates that there are batteries in the battery pack 20 that need to be balanced. At this time, the comparison unit CP outputs a balancing indication signal. When the voltage difference ΔVB is less than or equal to the preset voltage threshold Vref, it indicates that there are no batteries in the battery pack 20 that need to be balanced. It is understood that the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific implementation of the balancing judgment circuit 321, and it can also be implemented by other circuit structures.

[0060] For example, in this embodiment, assuming the rated voltage of a single battery cell is 1.5V, and the battery pack 20 is composed of three 1.5V single batteries connected in series, with a preset voltage threshold of 0.3V, then in this embodiment, if the voltage difference between the maximum and minimum single-cell voltages is detected to be greater than 0.3V, it is determined that there is a battery to be balanced in the battery pack 20, and the single battery corresponding to the minimum single-cell voltage is the battery to be balanced; otherwise, it is considered that there is no battery to be balanced in the battery pack 20. It is understood that this embodiment does not limit the value of the preset voltage threshold.

[0061] It is understood that when there are batteries to be balanced in the battery pack 20, the equalization indication signal JHD output by the comparison unit CP will carry the identifier of the battery to be balanced. For example, the equalization indication signal JHD is an N-bit signal, in which a high-level signal is used to indicate the identifier and position of the battery to be balanced. This embodiment does not limit the method of identifying the battery to be balanced.

[0062] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, the voltage detection unit 31 is also connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack 20. In this case, the voltage detection unit 31 is also used to detect the total voltage of the battery pack 20 and output it to the charging control unit 32. The charging control unit 32 is also used to determine whether the total voltage of the battery pack 20 is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack. When the total voltage of the battery pack 20 is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack, the unit determines whether there are batteries to be balanced based on the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack 20. When the total voltage of the battery pack 20 is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery pack, the unit controls the power supply 10 to stop charging the battery pack 20.

[0063] For example, in Figure 2A In the implementation shown, the voltage detection unit also includes an (N+1)th voltage acquisition module, which can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack respectively, thereby obtaining the total voltage of the battery pack. Figure 2B In the implementation shown, the charging control unit can control switches M11 and MN2 to be turned on. At this time, the voltage detection unit outputs the total voltage of the battery pack. This embodiment does not limit the implementation method of obtaining the total voltage of the battery pack; it can be determined according to the actual circuit.

[0064] For example, in this embodiment, when the battery pack 20 is composed of three 1.5V individual cells connected in series, assuming the rated voltage of the battery pack 20 is 4.3V, if the voltage detection unit 31 detects that the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack 20 is greater than or equal to 4.3V, it considers the battery pack 20 to be fully charged. To avoid overcharging of the lower-capacity individual cells, which could lead to battery bulging, fire, or other risks, all N first control switches are turned off to stop the power supply 10 from charging the battery pack 20, thus eliminating the need for battery balancing. In other words, in this application, the charging control unit 32 can determine whether there are cells in the battery pack 20 that need balancing when the total voltage of the battery pack 20 is less than its rated voltage, thereby ensuring safe charging of the battery pack 20 and improving charging safety.

[0065] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, the charging control unit 32 is further configured to output a current balancing signal when it is determined that there are batteries to be balanced in the battery pack 20. The current balancing signal is used to instruct the power supply 10 to adjust the magnitude of the output current so that the charging control unit 32 can charge and / or replenish the battery pack 20 using the adjusted first current i1 and / or second current i2.

[0066] Normally, the voltage difference between the battery to be balanced and other batteries is small. If a larger voltage is used for charging, there is a high probability that the voltage of the battery to be balanced will exceed that of other batteries, further leading to battery imbalance. Therefore, when the charging control unit 32 determines that the battery pack 20 needs to be balanced and charged, it can send a current balancing signal back to the power supply 10 so that the power supply 10 can reduce the output current and use a smaller current for charging or balancing. This also ensures that the charging current of a single battery is less than its rated charging current, thus ensuring the charging safety of the battery pack 20.

[0067] Optionally, in this embodiment, in order to balance the balancing cost and energy utilization, the charging control device 30 in this embodiment can adopt different balancing strategies to replenish the battery to be balanced according to the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack 20.

[0068] In one possible design, the power supply 10 includes N current output terminals and a negative power terminal. The N current output terminals are connected to the positive terminals of N individual battery cells via a charging control device 30, and the negative power terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 via the charging control device 30. For example, Figures 4A to 4C This is a schematic diagram of the charging current path of the battery to be balanced in the first embodiment of this application. Optionally, in Figures 4A to 4C In this example, battery pack 20 includes three individual cells. Correspondingly, power supply 10 includes three current output terminals (IP to IP3) and a negative power supply terminal IPD. The first current output terminal IP1 is connected to the positive terminal of the first individual cell B1 of battery pack 20, the second current output terminal IP2 is connected to the positive terminal of the second individual cell B2 of battery pack 20, the third current output terminal IP3 is connected to the positive terminal of the third individual cell B3, and the negative power supply terminal IPD is connected to the negative terminal of the third individual cell B3 (the negative terminal of battery pack 20).

[0069] As an example, when the battery to be balanced includes adjacent x1 individual cells, including the first individual cell B1, the switch control unit 322 controls the x1th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current i1 output from the power supply 10 through the first current output terminal IP1. Since there is no current at the other current output terminals of the power supply 10, the first current i1 is used to replenish the adjacent x1 individual cells. x1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. (Refer to...) Figure 4AAs shown, at this time, with x1 = 1, B1 is the battery to be balanced. Therefore, the switch control unit 322 turns on the first control switch K11 and turns off the other first control switches (K12, K13). There is no current output at the current output terminals connected to the positive terminals of the second single cell B2 and the third single cell B3. At this time, the first current i1 received by the battery pack 20 from the first current output terminal IP1 flows through the first single cell B1 and then flows out to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 through the branch where the first control switch K11 is located, thereby realizing the purpose of using the first current i1 to replenish the battery B1 to be balanced.

[0070] As another example, when the battery to be balanced includes two adjacent cells (x2 cells in total, including the Nth cell BN), the switch control unit 322 controls the Nth first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current i1 output from the power supply 10 through the first current output terminal IP1 and the second current i2 output from the (N-x2+1)th current output terminal. There is no current at the other current output terminals. This allows the battery pack 20 to be charged using the first current i1 while the adjacent x2 cells are simultaneously charged using the second current i2, where x2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. (Refer to...) Figure 4B As shown, at this time, x2 = 2, meaning that B2 and B3 are the batteries to be balanced. Therefore, the switch control unit 322 turns on the third first control switch K13 and turns off the other first control switches (K12, K11). The power supply 10 outputs the second current i2 through the second current output terminal IP2, while there is no current at the other current output terminals. At this time, on the one hand, the first current i1 received from the first current output terminal IP1 flows through the entire battery pack 20 (single batteries B1 to B3) and then flows out to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 through the branch where the third control switch K13 is located, thus realizing the overall charging of the battery pack 20. On the other hand, the second current i2 received from the second current output terminal IP2 flows through the single batteries B2 and B3 and then flows out to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 through the branch where the third control switch K13 is located, thus realizing the replenishment of single batteries B2 and B3. That is, while charging the entire battery pack 20, it can replenish the single batteries B2 and B3.

[0071] As another example, when the battery to be balanced is a group of x3 adjacent cells in battery pack 20 that do not include the first cell B1 and the Nth cell BN, and the first cell of the adjacent x3 cells is the i-th cell and the last cell is the j-th cell, the switch control unit 322 controls the j-th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the second current i2 output from the power supply 10 through the i-th current output terminal, while the other current output terminals have no current. This second current i2 is used to replenish the adjacent x3 cells, where x3 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. (Refer to...) Figure 4C As shown, x3 = 1, meaning B2 is the battery to be balanced. Therefore, the switch control unit 322 turns on the second first control switch K12 and turns off the other first control switches (K11, K13). The second current output terminal IP2 has current output, while the other current output terminals have no current output. At this time, the second current i2 received from the second current output terminal IP2 flows through the single cell B2 and then flows out to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20 through the branch where the second control switch K12 is located, thereby realizing the charging of the single cell B2.

[0072] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the currents output from the first current output terminal IP1 to the Nth current output terminal IPN may be the same or different, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0073] In this embodiment, a charging control device connected between the power supply and the battery pack can achieve equalization charging during the battery pack charging process. When a battery to be equalized is detected in the battery pack and the battery to be equalized includes a first single cell, the battery to be equalized is charged using a first current, which is the charging current of the battery pack. If the battery to be equalized does not include a first single cell, the battery to be equalized is charged using a second current output from the power supply. In this technical solution, depending on the position of the battery to be equalized in the battery pack, not only can the second current output from the power supply be used to equalize the battery, but the first current output from the power supply can also be reused for battery equalization. This method is simpler in structure and lower in cost than existing active equalization schemes, and significantly reduces energy waste and improves energy utilization compared to existing passive equalization schemes, thus addressing both cost and energy utilization issues.

[0074] Second Embodiment

[0075] Please see Figure 5 , Figures 6A to 6C As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the charging control device and the battery pack provided in the second embodiment of this application. Figures 6A to 6CThis is a schematic diagram of the charging current path of the battery to be balanced in the second embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so the parts not described in this embodiment can be referred to the first embodiment. The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the power supply 10 includes two current output terminals, and therefore, the balancing charging principle of the battery to be balanced is different.

[0076] Reference Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. That is, the third first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the third individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. When the power supply 10 includes a first current output terminal IP1, a second current output terminal IP2, and a power negative terminal IPD, the charging control unit 32 also includes N second control switches (K21 to K2N). The first current output terminal IP1 is connected to the positive terminal of the first individual battery B1 through the first second control switch K21. The second current output terminal IP2 is connected to the positive terminals of the second individual battery to the Nth individual battery BN through (N-1) second control switches. The power negative terminal IPD is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery BN. That is, the first current output terminal IP1 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack 20, and the power negative terminal IPD is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack 20. Accordingly, the switch control unit 322 determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack 20 according to the balancing indication signal, and controls the on / off state of N first control switches and N second control switches according to the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack 20, so as to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced and then replenish the battery to be balanced.

[0077] It is understood that the first second control switch may not be connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack 20 and the first current output terminal IP1. In this case, the internal logic of the power supply 10 can control whether the first current output terminal IP1 outputs current to determine whether to charge or replenish the battery pack 20. To simplify the internal processing logic of the power supply 10, in this embodiment, the charging control device 30 further includes N second control switches, which are connected between the positive terminal of each individual battery and the current output terminal of the power supply 10. The first second control switch is connected between the first current output terminal IP1 and the positive terminal of the first individual battery B1, and the remaining (N-1) second control switches are connected between the second current output terminal IP2 and the positive terminals of the remaining N individual batteries. In this embodiment, after the charging control device 30 is connected to the power supply 10, only N first control switches and N second control switches need to be controlled to control the charging of the battery pack 20 and the replenishment of the batteries to be equalized.

[0078] For example, when the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell B1, the switch control unit 322 controls the first control switch K11 to turn on and the second switch K21 to turn on. At this time, the first current i1 received from the first current output terminal IP1 flows through the first single cell B1 and then flows out to the negative terminal of the power supply, thus replenishing the first single cell B1. Similarly, when the battery to be balanced includes adjacent first single cells B1 and second single cells B2, refer to... Figure 6A As shown, the switch control unit 322 controls the first control switch K12 to be turned on and the second switch K21 to be turned on. At this time, the first current i1 received from the first current output terminal IP1 flows through the first single cell B1 and the second single cell B2 and then flows out to the negative terminal IPD of the power supply. At this time, the first single cell B1 and the second single cell B2 are recharged.

[0079] For example, refer to Figure 6B As shown, when the battery to be balanced includes the adjacent second cell B1 and third cell B3, the switch control unit 322 controls the first control switch K13 to be turned on and the second switch K22 to be turned on. At this time, the second current i2 received from the second current output terminal IP2 flows through the second cell B2 and the third cell B3 and then flows out to the negative terminal IPD of the power supply, thus realizing the replenishment of power to the second cell B2 and the third cell B3.

[0080] In another possible design of this embodiment, the battery to be balanced includes a first group of batteries and a second group of batteries spaced at least one cell apart. The first group of batteries includes four adjacent cells, including the first cell B1. The second group of batteries includes five adjacent cells. The switch control unit 322 controls the fourth first control switch to be turned on, the second control switch connected to the positive terminal of the first cell B1 in the second group of batteries to be turned on, and the first control switch connected to the negative terminal of the fifth cell in the second group of batteries to be turned on. The other first control switches and second control switches are turned off. The first group of batteries is charged with the first current received from the first current output terminal IP1, and the second group of batteries is charged with the second current received from the second current output terminal IP2. x4 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-2).

[0081] For example, refer to Figure 6CAs shown, the battery to be balanced includes a first cell B1 and a third cell B1. At this time, the switch control unit 322 controls the first control switches K11 and K13 to be turned on and the second switches K21 and K23 to be turned on. At this time, the first current i1 received from the first current output terminal IP1 flows through the first cell B1 and then flows out to the negative terminal IPD of the power supply, realizing the replenishment of the first cell B1. The second current i2 received from the second current output terminal IP2 flows through the third cell B3 and then flows out to the negative terminal IPD of the power supply, realizing the replenishment of the third cell B3. That is, the solution in this embodiment can not only replenish adjacent cells at the same time, but also replenish non-adjacent cells at the same time.

[0082] However, in practical applications, if the first control switches K11 and K13 are turned on simultaneously, the current flowing out of the positive terminal of individual cells B2 and B3 will flow back to the negative terminal of individual cells B2 and B3 after passing through the first control switches K11 and K13, causing individual cells B2 and B3 to discharge. To address this issue, in this embodiment, the charging control unit can control the first control switches K11 and K13 to be turned on in a time-sharing manner, so as to charge the first individual cell and the third individual cell in sequence.

[0083] In this embodiment, by setting control switches between the positive and negative terminals of each individual battery and the power supply, there is no need for the power supply's internal logic to control the current output at the current output terminal. The current loop between the power supply and the battery pack can be controlled by the first and second control switches. This simplifies the control logic of the power supply, makes it more applicable, and can also supply power to multiple adjacent or non-adjacent individual batteries, while taking into account both cost and energy utilization.

[0084] Third Embodiment

[0085] Please see Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the charging control device and the battery pack provided in the third embodiment of this application. This embodiment is similar to the first and second embodiments, so the parts not described in this embodiment can be referred to the first embodiment. The main difference between this embodiment and the first and second embodiments is that the power supply 10 includes one current output terminal, and therefore, the equalization and charging principle of the battery to be equalized is different.

[0086] Reference Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The power supply includes a first current output terminal and a power supply negative terminal. The charging control unit also includes N second control switches. The first current output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the N individual battery through the Nth second control switch, and the power supply negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery. The switch control unit determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack based on the balancing indication signal. Based on the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack, it controls one of the N first control switches and one of the N second control switches to turn on in a time-division manner to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced, thereby replenishing the battery to be balanced.

[0087] For example, in Figure 7 In this circuit, the first current output terminal IP1 is connected to the positive terminals of the first single cell B1, the second single cell B2, and the third single cell B3 respectively via the second control switches K21, K22, and K23. The negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the negative terminals of the first single cell B1, the second single cell B2, and the third single cell B3 respectively via the first control switches K11, K12, and K13. In this way, the charging control unit can turn on one first control switch and one second control switch in a time-sharing manner according to the position of the battery to be balanced, so as to realize the charging of the battery to be balanced.

[0088] For example, when it is necessary to recharge the single cell B2, the switch control unit controls the first control switch K12 to turn on and the second control switch K22 to turn on, so that the single cell B2 can be recharged individually. The scheme for recharging other single cells is similar, and the steps are described in detail here.

[0089] It is understood that in the above embodiments of this application, when the charging control device is used in conjunction with the battery protection circuit, the first control switch or the second control switch can reuse the switch control unit of the battery protection circuit, which can save implementation costs and improve market competitiveness.

[0090] In the embodiments of this application, the first control switch and the second control switch can be implemented by a switching transistor, which can be a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific design of the first control switch and the second control switch, which can be set according to actual needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0091] Optionally, embodiments of this application may also provide an electromechanical device, which may include a load circuit and the battery balancing-based charging control system or charging control device described in the above embodiments. The two ends of the load circuit are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively.

[0092] Optionally, the electromechanical equipment may also include a battery protection circuit, which can protect the battery pack during charging and discharging to prevent permanent damage to the battery pack, and can also protect the load circuit connected to the battery protection circuit, thereby ensuring the safety of the electromechanical equipment.

[0093] In the embodiments of this application, the electromechanical device may be a Bluetooth headset, mobile phone, tablet computer, electronic cigarette or other rechargeable electronic device, or it may be an automobile or other electromechanical device. This embodiment does not limit it.

[0094] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of the charging control method based on battery balancing provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 The method can be referred to the previous ones. Figures 1 to 7 The implementation of the charging control device is discussed, but not limited to it. Nevertheless, for ease of explanation, the description... Figure 8 When using this method, refer to Figures 1 to 7 Here, the battery balancing-based charging control method may include the following steps:

[0095] S101. Charge the battery pack using the first current output from the power supply. The battery pack includes N individual cells connected in series and numbered sequentially according to the charging direction, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0096] S102. Collect the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack;

[0097] S103. Determine if there are any batteries in the battery pack that need to be balanced; if yes, proceed to S104; if no, continue to S101.

[0098] For example, in this step, the above-mentioned Figure 2A or Figure 2B The voltage detection unit shown collects the voltage of each individual battery cell. Then, the charging control unit determines the maximum voltage and minimum voltage of each individual battery cell in the battery pack based on the voltage of each individual battery cell, calculates the voltage difference between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage of the individual battery cell, and finally determines whether the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage threshold. If so, it outputs an equalization indication signal. This equalization indication signal is used to indicate that there is a battery cell to be equalized in the battery pack and carries the identification information of the battery cell to be equalized.

[0099] S104. Determine whether the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell; if yes, proceed to S105; if no, proceed to S106.

[0100] Optionally, the charging control device determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack based on the identification information of the battery to be balanced carried by the balancing indication signal, and determines whether the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell, thereby determining to use the first current for charging and / or the second current output by the power supply for charging.

[0101] S105. Use the first current to replenish the battery to be balanced;

[0102] S106. Use the second current output from the power supply to replenish the battery to be balanced.

[0103] In this embodiment, the first current is the current used to charge the battery pack. When there is a battery to be balanced in the battery pack and the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell, the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced can be turned on while the charging circuits of other single cells are turned off, so as to replenish the battery to be balanced.

[0104] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the charging control method further includes the following steps;

[0105] Obtain the total voltage of the battery pack;

[0106] Determine whether the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack;

[0107] If so, then determine whether there are batteries in the battery pack that need to be balanced based on the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack;

[0108] If not, the power supply is controlled to stop charging and / or replenishing the battery pack.

[0109] In this embodiment, to ensure the charging safety of the battery pack, charging or supplemental charging is usually required when the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack. That is, during the charging process of the battery pack using the first current, the voltage detection unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack so that it can obtain the total voltage of the battery pack. If the total voltage of the battery pack has reached the rated voltage of the battery pack, the power supply is controlled to stop charging and / or supplemental charging the battery pack to ensure the overall safety of the battery pack and avoid overcharging of the highest voltage in the battery pack, which could lead to problems such as battery bulging or even fire.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] It should be understood that "a plurality of" as used herein refers to two or more. Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0112] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0113] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application shall still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A charging control device based on battery balancing, connected between a power supply and a battery pack, for equalizing the charging of the battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises N individual cells connected in series and numbered sequentially according to the charging direction, characterized in that... The charging control device includes a voltage detection unit and a charging control unit, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; The voltage detection unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each individual cell in the battery pack and the charging control unit. The charging control unit is used to charge the battery pack using the first current output by the power supply. The voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage of each individual cell and output it to the charging control unit. The charging control unit is also used to determine, based on the voltage of each individual cell, that there is a cell to be balanced in the battery pack and that the cell to be balanced includes the first individual cell, and then use the first current to charge the cell to be balanced; and when the cell to be balanced does not include the first individual cell, use the second current output by the power supply to charge the cell to be balanced.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging control unit includes an equalization judgment circuit, N first control switches, and a switch control unit; The equalization judgment circuit is connected to the voltage detection unit and the switch control unit. The switch control unit is also connected to N first control switches. Among the N first control switches, the Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual cell and the negative terminal of the battery pack or between the positive terminal of the 1st individual cell and the positive terminal of the battery pack. The nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the nth individual cell and the negative terminal of the battery pack. n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-1). The equalization judgment circuit is used to obtain the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack from the voltage detection unit, calculate the voltage difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the individual cells in the battery pack, and output an equalization indication signal when the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage threshold. The equalization indication signal is used to indicate that there is a cell to be equalized in the battery pack and carries the identification information of the cell to be equalized. The switch control unit is used to determine the identifier of the battery to be balanced according to the balancing indication signal. When the battery to be balanced includes the first single cell, it controls the on / off state of the N first control switches to replenish the battery to be balanced with the first current. When the battery to be balanced does not include the first single cell, it controls the on / off state of the N first control switches to replenish the battery to be balanced with the second current.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply includes N current output terminals and a power negative terminal. The N current output terminals are connected to the positive terminals of N individual batteries through the charging control device, and the power negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack through the charging control device. When the battery to be balanced includes x1 adjacent individual cells, including the first individual cell, the switch control unit controls the x1th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current output from the power supply through the first current output terminal, while the other current output terminals of the power supply have no current. This allows the first current to be used to replenish the adjacent x1 individual cells, where x1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; or... When the battery to be balanced includes two adjacent cells, including the Nth cell, the switch control unit controls the Nth first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the first current output from the power supply through the first current output terminal and the second current output from the (N-x2+1)th current output terminal. There is no current at the other current output terminals. This allows the battery pack to be charged using the first current while the adjacent x2 cells are simultaneously charged using the second current, where x2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; or... When the battery to be balanced is an adjacent x3 cells of the battery pack that do not include the first cell and the Nth cell, and the first cell of the adjacent x3 cells is the i-th cell and the last cell is the j-th cell, the switch control unit controls the j-th first control switch to be turned on and the other first control switches to be turned off. It receives the second current output by the power supply through the i-th current output terminal, and there is no current output from the other current output terminals, so as to use the second current to replenish the adjacent x3 cells of the battery pack, where x3 is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The power supply includes a first current output terminal, a second current output terminal, and a power supply negative terminal. The charging control unit also includes N second control switches. The first current output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the first individual battery through the first second control switch. The second current output terminal is connected to the positive terminals of the second individual battery to the Nth individual battery through (N-1) second control switches. The power supply negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery. The switch control unit determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack according to the equalization indication signal, and controls the on / off state of the N first control switches and the N second control switches according to the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack, so as to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced and thus replenish the battery to be balanced.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery to be balanced includes a first group of batteries and a second group of batteries spaced at least one cell apart. The first group of batteries includes four adjacent cells, including the first cell. The second group of batteries includes five adjacent cells. The switch control unit controls the fourth first control switch to be turned on, the second control switch connected to the positive terminal of the first cell in the second group of batteries to be turned on, and the first control switch connected to the negative terminal of the fifth cell in the second group of batteries to be turned on. The other first and second control switches are turned off. The first group of batteries is charged with a first current received from the first current output terminal, and the second group of batteries is charged with a second current received from the second current output terminal. x4 and x5 are both integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N-2).

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Nth first control switch is connected between the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The power supply includes a first current output terminal and a power supply negative terminal. The charging control unit also includes N second control switches. The first current output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the Nth individual battery through the Nth second control switch. The power supply negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the Nth individual battery. The switch control unit determines the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack according to the equalization indication signal. Based on the position of the battery to be balanced in the battery pack, it controls one of the N first control switches and one of the N second control switches to turn on in a time-division manner, so as to select the charging circuit of the battery to be balanced and thus replenish the battery to be balanced.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The voltage detection unit is also connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack; The voltage detection unit is also used to detect the total voltage of the battery pack and output it to the charging control unit. The charging control unit is also used to determine whether the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack. When the total voltage of the battery pack is less than the rated voltage of the battery pack, it determines whether there are batteries to be balanced based on the voltage of each individual battery in the battery pack. When the total voltage of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery pack, it controls the power supply to stop charging and / or replenishing the battery pack.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The charging control unit is also configured to output a current balancing signal when it is determined that there are batteries to be balanced in the battery pack. The current balancing signal is used to instruct the power supply to adjust the output current so that the charging control unit can charge and / or replenish the battery pack using the adjusted first current and / or second current.

9. A charging control system based on battery balancing, characterized in that, Includes a power supply, a battery pack, and a battery-balanced charging control device as described in any one of claims 1-8; The charging control device is connected between the power supply and the battery pack, and is used to control the power supply to charge the battery pack in a balanced manner.

10. An electromechanical device, characterized in that, include: The battery-balanced charging control device as described in any one of claims 1-8 or the battery-balanced charging control system as described in claim 9; The load circuit has its two ends connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively.

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