Battery reverse connection protection charging circuit and battery charger

Abstract

The application provides a battery anti-reverse connection charging circuit and a battery charger, and relates to the technical field of charging circuits.The battery anti-reverse connection charging circuit comprises a power input module, a PFC function module, an LLC function module, an output rectification and filtering function module, an output switch switching function module, a battery detection module, a microcontroller, a constant voltage and constant current control module and an LLC controller.Through the battery detection module, the battery voltage and the reverse connection state are detected;when the battery is normally connected, the battery voltage signal is obtained, the microcontroller controls the constant voltage and constant current module to output constant voltage and constant current information, the LLC function module realizes constant voltage and constant current output, and the constant voltage and constant current and safe charging of the battery are completed.When the battery is reversely connected, the battery detection module cannot obtain the battery voltage signal, generates a battery reverse connection signal, and makes the microcontroller control not to charge the battery.The application improves the efficiency, stability, reliability and safety of the charging circuit for charging the battery, and reduces the energy consumption and maintenance cost of the charging equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of charging circuit technology, specifically to a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit and a battery charger. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of battery applications, batteries are increasingly used in people's daily lives and production, especially with the widespread adoption of electric bicycles and electric motorcycles. Consequently, the number of battery chargers is also increasing, making them increasingly important for batteries. To improve the safety, durability, energy efficiency, and reliability of battery charging, the requirements for battery chargers are also rising. Traditional battery chargers often suffer from problems such as low efficiency, lack of protection against misuse, and poor stability, failing to meet the demands of modern battery chargers for high efficiency, stability, safety, and reliability.

[0003] Therefore, developing a novel battery charger circuit design to optimize battery charger performance and improve system stability has significant practical implications and application value. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit and a battery charger, which can improve the efficiency, stability, reliability and safety of the charging circuit for the battery.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit, including:

[0006] Power input module, PFC function module, LLC function module, output rectification and filtering function module, output switch switching function module, battery detection module, microcontroller, constant voltage and constant current control module and LLC controller;

[0007] The power input module is used to input power to the PFC function module;

[0008] The PFC function module is used to perform power factor correction on the input power supply;

[0009] The LLC function module is used to receive the voltage output by the PFC function module, perform high-frequency switching on the voltage output by the PFC function module to obtain an output voltage, and output the voltage to the output rectification and filtering function module.

[0010] The output rectification and filtering function module is used to receive the voltage output by the LLC function module, rectify and filter the voltage to obtain the target voltage, and output the target voltage to the output switch switching function module.

[0011] The output switch switching function module is used to output the target voltage to charge the battery under the control of the controller.

[0012] The battery detection module is used to detect the battery voltage and reverse connection status. When the battery is connected normally, the battery voltage signal is obtained and transmitted to the microcontroller. When the battery is reverse connected, the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained, a battery reverse connection signal is generated and transmitted to the microcontroller.

[0013] The microcontroller is used to control the constant voltage and constant current module to output constant voltage and constant current information according to the battery voltage signal; or, according to the battery reverse connection signal, to prevent the output switch switching function module from opening so as not to charge the battery.

[0014] The constant voltage and constant current module is used to transmit the constant voltage and constant current information to the LLC controller, so that the LLC controller controls the LLC functional module, and the LLC functional module realizes constant voltage and constant current output.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the PFC functional module includes: a PFC controller, a first inductor L1, a first diode D1, a first switch Q1, and a first electrolytic capacitor EC1; the control terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the PFC controller.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the LLC functional module includes: a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3, a transformer T1, and a third capacitor C3;

[0017] The control terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the first output terminal of the LLC controller, the control terminal of the third switch Q3 is connected to the second output terminal of the LLC controller, and the input terminal of the LLC controller is connected to the constant voltage and constant current module.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the output rectification and filtering function module includes: a rectification unit, a second electrolytic capacitor EC2, and a third electrolytic capacitor EC3.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the switch switching function module includes: a relay RL51 in a normally open state;

[0020] The microcontroller is specifically configured to keep the relay RL51 in a normally open state according to the battery reverse connection signal so as not to charge the battery; or, to control the relay RL51 to be in a closed state according to the battery voltage signal.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the battery detection module includes a battery voltage detection unit and a battery reverse connection detection unit;

[0022] The battery voltage detection unit is used to divide the battery voltage when the battery is connected normally, obtain the battery voltage signal, and transmit the battery voltage signal to the microcontroller.

[0023] The battery reverse connection detection unit is used to generate a battery reverse connection signal when the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained when the battery is reverse connected, and then transmits the battery reverse connection signal to the microcontroller.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the battery voltage detection unit includes: a second diode D57, a first resistor R96, and a second resistor R98.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the battery reverse connection detection unit includes: a third resistor R94, a fourth resistor R95, an optocoupler IC51, and a third diode D56.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the microcontroller is specifically used for:

[0027] The battery status at that time is determined based on the battery voltage signal;

[0028] If the battery status is normal, the constant voltage and constant current module is controlled to output constant voltage and constant current information.

[0029] If the battery is in reverse connection mode, the output switch switching function module will not be turned on so as not to charge the battery.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery charger, including the reverse connection protection charging circuit described in the first aspect.

[0031] Compared to existing technologies, the reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in this application detects battery voltage and reverse connection status through a battery detection module. When the battery is normally connected, it acquires the battery voltage signal and transmits it to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls a constant voltage and constant current module to output constant voltage and constant current information based on the battery voltage signal. This constant voltage and constant current module transmits the information to an LLC controller, which then controls an LLC function module to achieve constant voltage and constant current output, thus completing constant voltage and constant current charging of the battery and ensuring safe charging. When the battery is reverse connected, the battery detection module cannot acquire the battery voltage signal and generates a reverse connection signal, which is transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller, based on the reverse connection signal, does not activate the output switch to switch the function module, thereby preventing battery charging. This application improves the efficiency, stability, reliability, and safety of the charging circuit, while reducing the energy consumption and maintenance costs of the charging equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 A block diagram of a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A specific circuit diagram of a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0036] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Additionally, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. This battery reverse connection protection charging circuit can be widely used in battery chargers, which can be battery chargers for electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, other electric home appliances, and electric industrial control equipment.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the battery reverse connection protection charging circuit 100 provided in this application includes: a power input module 10, a PFC function module 20, an LLC function module 30, an output rectification and filtering function module 40, a switch switching function module 50, a battery detection module 60, a microcontroller 70, a constant voltage and constant current module 80, and an LLC controller 90 connected in sequence.

[0040] The power input module 10 is used to input power to the PFC function module 20.

[0041] The PFC module 20 is used to perform power factor correction on the input power supply. The PFC (Power Factor Correction) function mainly improves the power factor and reduces harmonic content by controlling the waveform of the input current to synchronize it with the waveform of the input voltage. It can solve electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems caused by severe distortion of the current waveform due to capacitive loads.

[0042] The LLC functional module 30 is used to receive the voltage output by the PFC functional module 30, perform high-frequency switching on the voltage to obtain an output voltage, and then output the voltage to the rectifier and filter module 40. LLC is an abbreviation for Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor Resonant Converter, also known as an LLC resonant converter. The LLC resonant converter is a high-efficiency switching power supply converter architecture that combines the advantages of traditional linear regulators and switching converters. In this operating mode, the system performs high-frequency switching under high voltage conditions.

[0043] The output rectification and filtering module 40 is used to receive the voltage output by the LLC function module 30, rectify and filter the voltage to obtain the target voltage, and output the target voltage.

[0044] The switch switching function module 50 is used to receive the target voltage output by the output rectifier and filter module 40, and is controlled by the microcontroller 70 to output the target voltage to charge the battery.

[0045] The battery detection module 60 is used to detect the battery voltage and reverse connection status, obtain battery voltage and reverse connection information, and transmit it to the microcontroller 70. Specifically, when the battery is connected normally, the battery voltage signal is obtained and transmitted to the microcontroller 70; when the battery is reverse connected, the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained, a reverse connection signal is generated, and the reverse connection signal is transmitted to the microcontroller 70.

[0046] The microcontroller 70 is used to receive battery voltage and battery reverse connection information, and to control the switch switching module 50 and the constant voltage and constant current module 80 respectively. Specifically, the microcontroller 70 controls the constant voltage and constant current module to output constant voltage and constant current information according to the battery voltage signal, and controls the switch switching module 50 to close; or, the microcontroller 70 does not open the output switch switching module according to the battery reverse connection signal, so as not to charge the battery.

[0047] The constant voltage and constant current module 80 is used to receive information sent by the microcontroller, and after completing the constant voltage and constant current information, transmit it to the LLC controller 90.

[0048] The LLC controller 90 is used to receive constant voltage and constant current information sent by the constant voltage and constant current module 80. After processing, it controls the LLC function module 30 to output constant voltage and constant current voltage to charge the battery.

[0049] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a specific circuit diagram of the battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0050] Specifically, the PFC functional module 20 includes: a PFC controller, a first inductor L1, a first diode D1, a first switch Q1, and a first electrolytic capacitor EC1; the control terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the PFC controller, and the connection methods of other components are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0051] Specifically, the LLC functional module 30 includes: a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3, a transformer T1, and a third capacitor C3; the control terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the first output terminal of the LLC controller 90, the control terminal of the third switch Q3 is connected to the second output terminal of the LLC controller 90, and the input terminal of the LLC controller 90 is connected to the constant voltage and constant current module 80. The connection methods of other devices are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0052] Specifically, the output rectification and filtering module 40 includes: a rectification unit (composed of diodes D51 and D52), a second electrolytic capacitor EC2, and a third electrolytic capacitor EC3; wherein the connection method between the various components is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the switch switching circuit 50 includes a relay RL51, which is normally open and controlled by a microcontroller 70. Specifically, the microcontroller 70 keeps the relay RL51 normally open according to the battery reverse connection signal to prevent charging the battery; or, the microcontroller 70 controls the relay RL51 to be closed according to the battery voltage signal.

[0054] Specifically, the battery detection module 60 includes a battery voltage detection unit and a battery reverse connection detection unit; the battery voltage detection unit is used to divide the battery voltage when the battery is normally connected, obtain the battery voltage signal, and transmit the battery voltage signal to the microcontroller 70; the battery reverse connection detection unit is used to generate a battery reverse connection signal when the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained when the battery is reversed, and transmit the battery reverse connection signal to the microcontroller 70.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the battery voltage detection unit includes: a second diode D57, a first resistor R96, and a second resistor R98. The battery reverse connection detection unit includes: a third resistor R94, a fourth resistor R95, an optocoupler IC51, and a third diode D56.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, when the battery is connected normally, D57, R96, and R98 divide the battery voltage to obtain the battery voltage signal. At this time, the battery voltage signal is set to be less than 4.3V and transmitted to the microcontroller 70. At this time, D56 is in reverse bias in the circuit, and IC51A is cut off. When the battery is connected in reverse, D57 is reverse biased and cut off. D57, R96, and R98 cannot obtain battery voltage information, and D56 is forward biased and conducts. D56, IC51A, R94, and R95 form a forward channel, IC51A conducts, and IC51B is activated. After the 5V voltage passes through IC51B, a 4.3V voltage will fall on R98. This voltage signal is cleared of noise by C73 and R101 and then transmitted to the microcontroller 70. The microcontroller 70 processes the information and outputs it to the constant voltage and constant current module 80.

[0057] Specifically, the signal processing method of the microcontroller is as follows:

[0058] When the signal is 4.3V, it is assumed that the battery is reversed; the output is not turned on, and the system enters protection mode and provides an indication message.

[0059] When the signal is 3.8-4.1V, it is considered to be fully charged, enters standby mode, and sends an indication message that the battery is fully charged;

[0060] When the signal is between 2.0V and 3.8V, the predetermined constant voltage and constant current information is provided. This allows for either low-voltage constant current charging or high-voltage constant voltage charging.

[0061] When the signal is between 1.5V and 2.0V, a pulse charging signal is generated, along with an indication message.

[0062] When the signal is below 1.5V, the battery is considered to be malfunctioning or damaged, charging is stopped, and an indication message is given.

[0063] See Figure 2 The specific implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] The power supply of 100-240Vac is input to the power input module 10 through the L / N line. An abnormal state protection is provided through the fuse F1, and the power supply enters the PFC function module 20. The PFC function is controlled by the PFC controller. The PFC controller adjusts the output voltage to a high voltage of 400Vdc. This 400Vdc high voltage enters the LLC function module 30.

[0065] LLC function module 30 receives the voltage output from PFC function module 20, performs high-frequency switching on this high voltage, and outputs it to output rectification and filtering function module 40.

[0066] The output rectification and filtering module 40 receives the voltage output by the LLC function module 30, and outputs this voltage to the output switch switching module 50 through rectification and output filtering by the output rectification and filtering module 40.

[0067] The output switch switching module 50 receives the output voltage from the output rectification and filtering module 40, and also receives control from the microcontroller 70. Normally, it is in the normally open state; when the microcontroller 70 sends a high-level signal, it outputs the voltage to the battery for charging.

[0068] Battery detection module 60 detects battery information.

[0069] The main operating process of the battery detection module 60 is as follows:

[0070] When the battery is connected normally, D57, R96, and R98 divide the battery voltage to obtain the battery voltage signal. At this time, the voltage signal is less than 4.2V and is transmitted to the microcontroller. At this time, D56 is in a reverse bias state in the circuit, and IC51A is cut off. When the battery is connected in reverse, D57 is reverse biased and cut off. D57, R96, and R98 cannot obtain battery voltage information. D56 is forward biased. D56, IC51A, R94, and R95 form a forward channel. IC51A is turned on, which triggers IC51B to turn on. After the 5V voltage passes through IC51B, a 4.3V voltage will fall on R98. This voltage signal is cleared of noise by C73 and R101 and then transmitted to the microcontroller 70. The microcontroller 70 processes the information and outputs it to the constant voltage and constant current module 80.

[0071] Microcontroller 70 controls the charging status.

[0072] Specifically, the control process of the microcontroller 70 includes:

[0073] When the signal is 4.3V, it is assumed that the battery is reversed; the output is not turned on, and the system enters protection mode and provides an indication message.

[0074] When the signal is 3.8-4.1V, it is considered to be fully charged, enters standby mode, and sends an indication message that the battery is fully charged;

[0075] When the signal is between 2.0V and 3.8V, the predetermined constant voltage and constant current information is provided. This allows for either low-voltage constant current charging or high-voltage constant voltage charging.

[0076] When the signal is between 1.5V and 2.0V, a pulse charging signal is generated, along with an indication message.

[0077] When the signal is below 1.5V, the battery is considered to be malfunctioning or damaged, charging is stopped, and an indication message is given.

[0078] The constant voltage and constant current module 80 receives information from the microcontroller 70, converts it into constant voltage and constant current information, and transmits it to the LLC controller 90 through optocouplers (U1, U2). The LLC controller 90 receives information from the microcontroller 70 and controls the LLC functional module 30 to achieve constant voltage and constant current charging.

[0079] Compared with the prior art, the battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0080] 1. High efficiency: By detecting battery status information, the voltage and current are efficiently matched with the battery during charging, thus improving charging efficiency.

[0081] 2. Stability: By detecting battery status information, the power supply is intelligently controlled to ensure that the circuit can work stably under various battery conditions, thus reducing the failure rate.

[0082] 3. Reliability: Optimized charging state effectively reduces circuit temperature, improving circuit reliability and lifespan.

[0083] 4. Safety: By detecting battery status information and intelligently controlling the power supply, timely safety protection can be provided.

[0084] 5. Energy saving: When the battery is fully charged, the output is turned off to save energy.

[0085] In the above embodiments, a reverse-connection protection charging circuit for batteries is provided. Correspondingly, this application also provides a battery charger, including the reverse-connection protection charging circuit in the above embodiments. The battery charger can be a battery charger for electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, other electric household appliances, and electric industrial control equipment, etc.

[0086] The battery charger provided in the above embodiments of this application and the battery reverse connection protection charging circuit provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery reverse connection protection charging circuit, characterized in that, include: Power input module, PFC function module, LLC function module, output rectification and filtering function module, output switch switching function module, battery detection module, microcontroller, constant voltage and constant current control module and LLC controller; The power input module is used to input power to the PFC function module; The PFC function module is used to perform power factor correction on the input power supply; The LLC function module is used to receive the voltage output by the PFC function module, perform high-frequency switching on the voltage output by the PFC function module to obtain an output voltage, and output the voltage to the output rectification and filtering function module. The output rectification and filtering function module is used to receive the voltage output by the LLC function module, rectify and filter the voltage to obtain the target voltage, and output the target voltage to the output switch switching function module. The output switch switching function module is used to output the target voltage to charge the battery under the control of the controller. The battery detection module is used to detect the battery voltage and reverse connection status. When the battery is connected normally, the battery voltage signal is obtained and transmitted to the microcontroller. When the battery is reverse connected, the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained, a battery reverse connection signal is generated and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to control the constant voltage and constant current control module to output constant voltage and constant current information according to the battery voltage signal; Alternatively, the output switch switching module may not be turned on based on the battery reverse connection signal, so as not to charge the battery; The constant voltage and constant current control module is used to transmit the constant voltage and constant current information to the LLC controller, so that the LLC controller controls the LLC functional module, and the LLC functional module realizes constant voltage and constant current output.

2. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PFC functional module includes: a PFC controller, a first inductor L1, a first diode D1, a first switch Q1, and a first electrolytic capacitor EC1; the control terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the PFC controller.

3. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The LLC functional module includes: a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3, a transformer T1, and a third capacitor C3; The control terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the first output terminal of the LLC controller, the control terminal of the third switch Q3 is connected to the second output terminal of the LLC controller, and the input terminal of the LLC controller is connected to the constant voltage and constant current control module.

4. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output rectification and filtering module includes: a rectification unit, a second electrolytic capacitor EC2, and a third electrolytic capacitor EC3.

5. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch switching function module includes: a relay RL51 in a normally open state; The microcontroller is specifically configured to keep the relay RL51 in a normally open state according to the battery reverse connection signal so as not to charge the battery; or, according to the battery voltage signal, control the relay RL51 to be in a closed state so as to charge the battery.

6. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery detection module includes a battery voltage detection unit and a battery reverse connection detection unit; The battery voltage detection unit is used to divide the battery voltage when the battery is connected normally, obtain the battery voltage signal, and transmit the battery voltage signal to the microcontroller. The battery reverse connection detection unit is used to generate a battery reverse connection signal when the battery voltage signal cannot be obtained when the battery is reverse connected, and then transmits the battery reverse connection signal to the microcontroller.

7. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery voltage detection unit includes: a second diode D57, a first resistor R96, and a second resistor R98.

8. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery reverse connection detection unit includes: a third resistor R94, a fourth resistor R95, an optocoupler IC51, and a third diode D56.

9. The battery reverse connection protection charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller is specifically used for: The battery status at that time is determined based on the battery voltage signal; If the battery status is normal, the constant voltage and constant current control module is controlled to output constant voltage and constant current information. If the battery is in reverse connection mode, the output switch switching function module will not be turned on so as not to charge the battery.

10. A battery charger, characterized in that, Includes the battery reverse connection protection charging circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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