A photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of photovoltaic modules, it is related to solar cell technical field.Photovoltaic module includes: multiple perovskite components;Perovskite component includes perovskite cell, front plate structure and back plate structure;Front plate structure and back plate structure are respectively located in perovskite cell opposite two sides;At least part perovskite component perovskite cell is curved surface structure, and the perovskite component of each perovskite cell with curved surface structure forms wave structure.The utility model is by at least part perovskite component perovskite cell in photovoltaic module is set to curved surface structure, to make the photovoltaic module of each perovskite cell with curved surface structure perovskite component formed wave structure, to improve the structural diversity and structural aesthetic property of photovoltaic module, expand the adaptive capacity of photovoltaic module in multiple complex application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation technology, perovskite photovoltaic modules have gradually become an important development direction for the next generation of photovoltaic devices due to their advantages such as simple manufacturing process, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and flexible design. They are widely used in various scenarios such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), vehicle-mounted photovoltaics, and wearable devices.

[0003] In existing technologies, perovskite photovoltaic modules typically use rigid conductive glass as a substrate, on which a hole transport layer, a perovskite absorber layer, an electron transport layer, and an electrode layer are sequentially deposited to form a rigid perovskite cell. This perovskite cell is then laminated with a polymer encapsulation film to a backsheet glass to form the perovskite photovoltaic module. However, both the perovskite cell and the perovskite photovoltaic module in existing technologies are rigid structures. The fixed shape of a rigid structure prevents deformation adjustment, resulting in limitations such as a single structural form and restricted installation methods. This makes it difficult to meet the bending adaptability requirements of photovoltaic modules in applications such as curved photovoltaic tiles and automotive rooftops. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a photovoltaic module that improves the structural diversity of photovoltaic modules and expands their adaptability in various complex application scenarios by setting at least a portion of the perovskite cells in the photovoltaic module as curved structures.

[0005] The first aspect of this utility model provides a photovoltaic module, which includes: a plurality of perovskite modules;

[0006] The perovskite module includes a perovskite cell, a front panel structure, and a back panel structure; the front panel structure and the back panel structure are located on opposite sides of the perovskite cell, respectively.

[0007] At least some of the perovskite modules have a curved surface structure, and the perovskite modules of each of the perovskite modules having the curved surface structure form a wave structure.

[0008] Optionally, the perovskite module of at least a portion of the perovskite solar cell having the curved surface structure is a first perovskite module;

[0009] At least one of the front plate structure and the back plate structure of the first perovskite assembly is a curved structure.

[0010] Optionally, the perovskite module of at least a portion of the perovskite solar cell having the curved surface structure is a second perovskite module;

[0011] At least one of the front plate structure and the back plate structure of the second perovskite assembly is a planar structure.

[0012] Optionally, the photovoltaic module is formed by sequentially splicing together multiple first perovskite modules and multiple second perovskite modules;

[0013] A first perovskite component is formed by a first preset number of adjacent first perovskite components, and a second perovskite component is disposed between two adjacent first perovskite component units.

[0014] Optionally, the perovskite module further includes a perovskite encapsulation structure, and the perovskite cell includes a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electrode layer.

[0015] The perovskite layer is located between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer; the conductive substrate is located on the side of the hole transport layer away from the perovskite layer; the electrode layer is located on the side of the electron transport layer away from the perovskite layer.

[0016] The perovskite encapsulation structure includes a first encapsulating film and a first backplate; the first encapsulating film is located on the side of the electrode layer away from the perovskite layer; the first backplate is located on the side of the first encapsulating film away from the electrode layer.

[0017] Optionally, the front panel structure includes a front panel encapsulating film and a front panel;

[0018] The front panel encapsulation film is located on the side of the conductive substrate away from the hole transport layer.

[0019] The front panel is located on the side of the front panel encapsulation film away from the conductive substrate.

[0020] Optionally, the backplane structure includes a backplane encapsulation film and a second backplane;

[0021] The backplate encapsulation film is located on the side of the first backplate away from the first encapsulation film;

[0022] The second backplate is located on the side of the backplate encapsulation film away from the first backplate.

[0023] Optionally, the thickness d1 of the perovskite solar cell is in the range of 400nm≤d1≤500nm.

[0024] Optionally, the thickness d2 of the front panel encapsulation film is in the range of 0.5mm≤d2≤1mm;

[0025] The thickness d3 of the front plate has a range of 0.3mm ≤ d3 ≤ 3mm.

[0026] Optionally, the thickness d4 of the backplate encapsulation film is in the range of 0.5mm≤d4≤1mm;

[0027] The thickness d5 of the second back plate has a range of 0.3mm ≤ d5 ≤ 3mm.

[0028] This invention addresses various photovoltaic (PV) applications by incorporating multiple perovskite modules within a single PV module. This allows the PV module to receive sunlight and convert it into electricity, thus meeting the needs of different area, shape, and power requirements. The perovskite module includes perovskite cells, a front panel structure, and a back panel structure. By positioning the front and back panels on opposite sides of the perovskite cells, the perovskite cells convert incident sunlight into current. The front panel protects the light-receiving surface from external impacts and moisture, while the back panel provides physical protection and hermetically sealed protection for the perovskite cells. Furthermore, by configuring at least some of the perovskite cells in a curved structure, the resulting PV module exhibits a wave-like structure. This wave-like structure helps reduce vertical reflection loss, increases the probability of incident light absorption, and facilitates heat dissipation, lowering the module's operating temperature. In addition, the wave-shaped photovoltaic modules have a certain deformation buffering capacity, making them suitable for installation on non-planar carriers such as curved roofs, carports, and canopies. This helps to improve the structural diversity and aesthetics of photovoltaic modules and expand their adaptability in various complex application scenarios.

[0029] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this utility model, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Other features of this utility model will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite component provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first perovskite component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second perovskite assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes: multiple perovskite modules 01; the perovskite module 01 includes a perovskite cell 1, a front panel structure 2, and a back panel structure 3; the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 are located on opposite sides of the perovskite cell 1; at least some of the perovskite cells 1 of the perovskite module 01 have curved structures, and the perovskite module 01 with each perovskite cell 1 having a curved structure forms a wave structure.

[0039] The photovoltaic module includes multiple perovskite modules 01, which are connected in series or parallel to form a photovoltaic module. The perovskite modules 01 are specifically used to receive sunlight and achieve photoelectric conversion, meeting the photovoltaic application scenarios with different area, shape, and power requirements. Specifically, the perovskite module 01 includes a perovskite cell 1, a front panel structure 2, and a back panel structure 3. The perovskite cell 1 serves as the power generation unit of the perovskite module 01, converting incident sunlight into electric current. The front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 are located on opposite sides of the perovskite cell 1. The front panel structure 2 provides protection for the light-receiving surface, preventing external impacts and moisture corrosion, while the back panel structure 3 provides physical protection and hermetically sealed packaging for the back of the perovskite cell 1.

[0040] Optional, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite component provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 As shown, the perovskite solar cell 1 includes a conductive substrate 11, a hole transport layer 12, an electron transport layer 13, a perovskite layer 14, and an electrode layer 15; the perovskite layer 14 is located between the hole transport layer 12 and the electron transport layer 13; the conductive substrate 11 is located on the side of the hole transport layer 12 away from the perovskite layer 14; and the electrode layer 15 is located on the side of the electron transport layer 13 away from the perovskite layer 14.

[0041] Specifically, the perovskite layer 14 can be understood as the light-absorbing layer in the perovskite solar cell 1, used to absorb light energy and generate electron-hole pairs under the excitation of light energy. The perovskite layer 14 is composed of perovskite materials, such as methylamine lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). The perovskite layer 14 is located between the hole transport layer 11 and the electron transport layer 12, with the conductive substrate 11 located on the side of the hole transport layer 12 away from the perovskite layer 14, and the electrode layer 15 located on the side of the electron transport layer 13 away from the perovskite layer 14. The conductive substrate 11 and the electrode layer 15 are used to transport different types of charge carriers, thereby forming a current between the conductive substrate 11 and the electrode layer 15. For example, electrons can flow to the electrode layer 15, while positive holes flow to the conductive substrate 11. The conductive substrate 11 is the light-incident side of the perovskite cell 1, and can be the positive electrode of the perovskite cell 1. To enable the perovskite cell 1 to have a curved structure, the conductive substrate 11 can be a flexible material, such as a transparent conductive film made of polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide. The electrode layer 15 can be the negative electrode of the perovskite cell 1, and can include a conductive metal material, such as aluminum or silver. The hole transport layer 12 is used to transport positive holes generated by the perovskite layer 14 to the conductive substrate 11, and the electron transport layer 13 is used to transport electrons generated by the perovskite layer 14 to the electrode layer 15, thereby generating photogenerated carriers between the conductive substrate 11 and the electrode layer 15. Furthermore, the perovskite cells 1 of multiple perovskite modules 01 in the photovoltaic module can be electrically connected by leading out the conductive substrate 11 and the electrode layer 15 through the first conductive grid line and the second conductive grid line, respectively.

[0042] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2 The thickness d1 of the perovskite solar cell 1 is in the range of 400nm ≤ d1 ≤ 500nm. Specifically, the thickness d1 of the perovskite solar cell 1 is preferably set to 400nm to 500nm. This thickness range can balance light absorption capacity and structural flexibility, which is conducive to the formation of a dense and uniform perovskite layer 14. This can reduce the nonradiative recombination of photogenerated carriers, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite module 01, and at the same time ensure the mechanical adaptability of the perovskite module 01 in curved packaging applications.

[0043] It is understood that at least some of the perovskite modules 01 have a curved perovskite cell 1, meaning that the conductive substrate 11, hole transport layer 12, electron transport layer 13, perovskite layer 14, and electrode layer 15 in the perovskite cell 1 are all curved. For example, by sequentially fabricating the hole transport layer 12, perovskite layer 14, electron transport layer 13, and electrode layer 15 on a conductive substrate 11 made of flexible material, a perovskite cell 1 with a curved structure can be obtained. The perovskite cell 1 with a curved structure has a wider incident light angle acceptance range, which can effectively improve the power generation efficiency during low solar angles in the morning and evening. Since a photovoltaic module is formed by sequentially splicing multiple perovskite modules 01, the photovoltaic module formed by the perovskite modules 01 with curved perovskite cells 1 has a wave-like structure. Wave-shaped photovoltaic (PV) modules possess localized light refraction and scattering structures, which help reduce vertical reflection losses and increase the probability of incident light absorption. Furthermore, the curved surfaces and troughs of the wave-shaped PV module naturally create airflow channels, aiding in heat dissipation and reducing the module's operating temperature. In addition, wave-shaped PV modules offer some deformation buffering capacity, making them suitable for installation on non-planar surfaces such as curved roofs, carports, and canopies. This enhances the structural versatility and aesthetics of PV modules, expanding their adaptability to various complex application scenarios.

[0044] In this embodiment, by incorporating multiple perovskite modules within a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module can receive sunlight and achieve photoelectric conversion, thereby meeting photovoltaic application scenarios with varying area, shape, and power requirements. By incorporating perovskite cells, a front panel structure, and a back panel structure within the perovskite module, and by positioning the front and back panels on opposite sides of the perovskite cells, the perovskite cells can convert incident sunlight into current. The front panel structure provides protection for the light-incident surface, preventing external impacts and moisture erosion. The back panel structure provides physical protection and hermetically sealed protection for the back of the perovskite cells. Furthermore, by setting at least some of the perovskite cells in the perovskite module to a curved structure, the resulting photovoltaic module exhibits a wave-like structure. This wave-like structure helps reduce vertical reflection loss, increases the probability of incident light absorption, and also facilitates heat dissipation, lowering the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the wave-shaped photovoltaic modules have a certain deformation buffering capacity, making them suitable for installation on non-planar carriers such as curved roofs, carports, and canopies. This helps to improve the structural diversity and aesthetics of photovoltaic modules and expand their adaptability in various complex application scenarios.

[0045] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2The perovskite component 01 also includes a perovskite encapsulation structure 4; the perovskite encapsulation structure 4 includes a first encapsulation film 41 and a first backplate 42; the first encapsulation film 41 is located on the side of the electrode layer 15 away from the perovskite layer 14; the first backplate 42 is located on the side of the first encapsulation film 41 away from the electrode layer 15.

[0046] Specifically, the perovskite encapsulation structure 4 provides a barrier against water, oxygen, and corrosion for the perovskite battery 1, and also provides physical support and buffer protection for the perovskite battery 1. When the perovskite battery 1 has a curved structure, the perovskite encapsulation structure 4 also has a curved structure accordingly. Specifically, the perovskite encapsulation structure 4 includes a first encapsulation film 41 and a first backplate 42. The first encapsulation film 41 is located on the side of the electrode layer 15 away from the perovskite layer 14. The first encapsulation film 41 may include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer hot melt adhesive film or a polymer hot melt encapsulation film to achieve bonding between the perovskite battery 1 and the first backplate 42, and also has an encapsulation and sealing function. The first backplate 42 is located on the side of the first encapsulation film 41 away from the electrode layer 15. The first backplate 42 may include a flexible polyimide composite plate, which improves the structural stability and durability of the perovskite module 01.

[0047] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2 The front panel structure 2 includes a front panel encapsulation film 21 and a front panel 22; the front panel encapsulation film 21 is located on the side of the conductive substrate 11 away from the hole transport layer 11; the front panel 22 is located on the side of the front panel encapsulation film 21 away from the conductive substrate 11.

[0048] Specifically, the front panel encapsulation film 21 is used to melt and fill the gap between the front panel 22 and the conductive substrate 11 during the press-sealing process, achieving a firm bond. Simultaneously, the front panel encapsulation film 21 provides a sealing and protective layer, preventing air and moisture from penetrating the perovskite solar cell 1. The front panel encapsulation film 21 also has good optical transmittance to ensure that light can smoothly enter the perovskite layer 14. The front panel 22 can be made of rigid or flexible materials. The front panel 22 allows visible light to enter the perovskite solar cell 1 and provides physical protection against external impacts, wind pressure, and thermal expansion and contraction stresses. It also serves as a shape guide and structural stabilizer.

[0049] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2The thickness d2 of the front panel encapsulation film 21 ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm; the thickness d3 of the front panel 22 ranges from 0.3mm to 3mm. Specifically, the thickness d2 of the front panel encapsulation film 21 is preferably set to 0.5mm to 1mm. This thickness range can improve the adhesion between the front panel 22 and the conductive substrate 11, while also improving the sealing and light transmittance of the front panel encapsulation film 21 to meet the planar or curved surface encapsulation requirements of the front panel 22. The thickness d3 of the front panel 22 is preferably set to 0.3mm to 3mm. This thickness range can ensure that the front panel 22 has good light transmittance while possessing good encapsulation stability.

[0050] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2 The backplate structure 3 includes a backplate encapsulation film 31 and a second backplate 32; the backplate encapsulation film 31 is located on the side of the first backplate 42 away from the first encapsulation film 41; the second backplate 42 is located on the side of the backplate encapsulation film 31 away from the first backplate 42.

[0051] Specifically, the backsheet encapsulation film 31 is used to melt and fill the gap between the second backsheet 32 ​​and the first backsheet 42 during the press-sealing process, achieving a firm bond. Simultaneously, the backsheet encapsulation film 31 provides a sealing and protective layer, preventing air and moisture from penetrating the perovskite cell 1. The flexible nature of the backsheet encapsulation film 31 helps buffer thermal stress, improving the long-term reliability of the perovskite module 01. The second backsheet 42 can be made of rigid or flexible materials. The second backsheet 42 provides mechanical support and structural encapsulation integrity, while also enhancing the structural stability of the perovskite module 01.

[0052] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2 The thickness d4 of the backsheet encapsulation film 31 ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm; the thickness d5 of the second backsheet 32 ​​ranges from 0.3mm to 3mm. Specifically, the thickness d4 of the backsheet encapsulation film 31 is preferably set to 0.5mm to 1mm. This thickness range can improve the bonding strength between the second backsheet 32 ​​and the first backsheet 42, and at the same time improve the cushioning and waterproof properties of the backsheet encapsulation film 31. The thickness d5 of the second backsheet 32 ​​is preferably set to 0.3mm to 3mm. This thickness range can ensure the stability of the mechanical support and structural encapsulation provided by the second backsheet 32 ​​for the perovskite module 01, thereby improving the structural stability of the perovskite module 01.

[0053] Optional, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first perovskite assembly provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3As shown, the perovskite module 01 of at least part of the perovskite cell 1 with a curved structure is a first perovskite module 011; at least one of the front plate structure 2 and the back plate structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 is a curved structure.

[0054] Specifically, the perovskite module 01 with at least a portion of the perovskite cell 1 having a curved structure is the first perovskite module 011. At least one of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 is a curved structure, that is, the front panel structure 2 of the first perovskite module 011 can be a curved structure, and / or, the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 can be a curved structure. Unless otherwise specified, this utility model uses the example of both the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 being curved structures to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model. After the perovskite cell 1 of the first perovskite module 011 is matched with the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 having curved structures, the corresponding front panel encapsulation film 21 and back panel encapsulation film 31, along with the encapsulation process, can form the first perovskite module 011 with the perovskite cell 1, front panel structure 2, and back panel structure 3 having curved structures.

[0055] It is understandable that when the front panel structure 2 of the first perovskite module 011 is a curved structure, the front panel encapsulation film 21 is also curved and adheres to the curved perovskite cell 1. Simultaneously, the front panel 22 is also curved; for example, the front panel 22 may include a flexible transparent material to allow for curved adhesion between the front panel 22 and the front panel encapsulation film 21. The front panel structure 2 constitutes the light-incident curved side of the first perovskite module 011, used to adapt to multi-angle illumination. It is also understandable that when the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 is a curved structure, the back panel encapsulation film 31 is curved and adheres to the curved perovskite encapsulation structure 4. Simultaneously, the second back panel 32 is also curved; for example, the second back panel 32 may include a flexible curved structure plate, enabling the back panel structure 3 to form the supporting curved side of the first perovskite module 011, improving the stability of the curved structure of the first perovskite module 011 and meeting the requirements for curved installation. By setting at least one of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 as a curved structure, the structural diversity and aesthetics of the photovoltaic module are improved, and the adaptability of the photovoltaic module in various complex application scenarios is expanded.

[0056] Optional, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second perovskite assembly provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 4 As shown, the perovskite module 01 of at least part of the perovskite cell 1 with a curved structure is a second perovskite module 012; at least one of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the second perovskite module 012 is a planar structure.

[0057] Specifically, the perovskite module 01 with at least a portion of the perovskite cell 1 having a curved structure is the second perovskite module 012. At least one of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the second perovskite module 012 is a planar structure, that is, the front panel structure 2 of the second perovskite module 012 can be a planar structure, and / or, the back panel structure 3 of the second perovskite module 012 can be a planar structure. Unless otherwise specified, this utility model uses the example of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the second perovskite module 012 being both planar structures to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model. After the perovskite cell 1 of the second perovskite module 012 is matched with the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 having a planar structure, the corresponding front panel encapsulation film 21 and the back panel encapsulation film 31 and the encapsulation process are applied to form the second perovskite module 012 with the perovskite cell 1 having a curved structure and the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 having planar structures.

[0058] It is understandable that when the front panel structure 2 of the second perovskite module 012 is a planar structure, the front panel encapsulation film 21 can be curved and bonded to the curved perovskite cell 1. The front panel 22 can be planar; for example, the front panel 22 may include planar transparent glass. In this case, the front panel encapsulation film 21 can fill the non-parallel gap between the perovskite cell 1 and the front panel 22 to ensure tight encapsulation. It is also understandable that when the back panel structure 3 of the first perovskite module 011 is a curved structure, the back panel encapsulation film 31 can be curved and bonded to the curved perovskite encapsulation structure 4. The second back panel 32 can be planar; for example, the second back panel 32 may include a planar metal plate. By setting at least one of the front panel structure 2 and the back panel structure 3 of the second perovskite module 012 as a planar structure, the structural diversity of photovoltaic modules is further enhanced, laying the foundation for forming photovoltaic modules with a structure of alternating curved and planar structures by sequentially splicing multiple first perovskite modules 011 and multiple second perovskite modules 012.

[0059] Optional, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic module is formed by sequentially splicing together multiple first perovskite modules 011 and multiple second perovskite modules 012; an adjacent first preset number of first perovskite modules 011 constitute a first perovskite module unit A, and a second perovskite module 012 is arranged between two adjacent first perovskite module units A.

[0060] Specifically, a photovoltaic module can be formed by sequentially splicing together multiple first perovskite modules 011 and multiple second perovskite modules 012. That is, in a photovoltaic module, an adjacent first preset number of first perovskite modules 011 constitute a first perovskite module unit A, and a second perovskite module 012 is arranged between two adjacent first perovskite module units A, thereby forming a photovoltaic module with a structure that alternates between curved and planar structures.

[0061] Understandably, the curved-structure first perovskite module 011 possesses wide-angle light-receiving characteristics, enabling it to receive incident light at different solar altitude angles. The planar-structure second perovskite module 012 exhibits high efficiency per unit area under direct midday sunlight. The photovoltaic modules with alternating curved and planar structures synergistically leverage the advantages of wide-angle reception and efficient direct sunlight absorption, further enhancing the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, placing a planar second perovskite module 012 between two adjacent wave-structured first perovskite module units A allows the second perovskite module 012 to interrupt the continuous stress transmission path of the curved wave crests, thereby reducing thermal stress concentration in the photovoltaic module and improving its thermal stability and mechanical robustness. Furthermore, photovoltaic modules with alternating curved and planar structures can further enhance the structural diversity and aesthetics of photovoltaic modules. The alternating arrangement of curved and planar structures of photovoltaic modules can be adjusted according to the actual needs of BIPV application scenarios such as building facades, carports, and sunshades, further expanding the adaptability of photovoltaic modules in various complex application scenarios.

[0062] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Multiple perovskite components; The perovskite module includes a perovskite cell, a front panel structure, and a back panel structure; the front panel structure and the back panel structure are located on opposite sides of the perovskite cell, respectively. At least some of the perovskite modules have a curved surface structure, and the perovskite modules of each of the perovskite modules having the curved surface structure form a wave structure.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite module of at least a portion of the perovskite solar cell having the curved surface structure is a first perovskite module; At least one of the front plate structure and the back plate structure of the first perovskite assembly is a curved structure.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perovskite module of at least a portion of the perovskite solar cell having the curved surface structure is a second perovskite module; At least one of the front plate structure and the back plate structure of the second perovskite assembly is a planar structure.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module is formed by sequentially splicing together multiple first perovskite modules and multiple second perovskite modules; A first perovskite component is formed by a first preset number of adjacent first perovskite components, and a second perovskite component is disposed between two adjacent first perovskite component units.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite module further includes a perovskite encapsulation structure, and the perovskite cell includes a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electrode layer. The perovskite layer is located between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer; the conductive substrate is located on the side of the hole transport layer away from the perovskite layer; the electrode layer is located on the side of the electron transport layer away from the perovskite layer. The perovskite encapsulation structure includes a first encapsulating film and a first backplate; the first encapsulating film is located on the side of the electrode layer away from the perovskite layer; the first backplate is located on the side of the first encapsulating film away from the electrode layer.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The front panel structure includes a front panel encapsulating film and a front panel; The front panel encapsulation film is located on the side of the conductive substrate away from the hole transport layer. The front panel is located on the side of the front panel encapsulation film away from the conductive substrate.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The backplate structure includes a backplate encapsulating film and a second backplate. The backplate encapsulation film is located on the side of the first backplate away from the first encapsulation film; The second backplate is located on the side of the backplate encapsulation film away from the first backplate.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness d1 of the perovskite solar cell has a range of 400nm ≤ d1 ≤ 500nm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness d2 of the front panel encapsulation film ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm. The thickness d3 of the front plate has a range of 0.3mm ≤ d3 ≤ 3mm.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness d4 of the backplate encapsulation film ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm. The thickness d5 of the second back plate has a range of 0.3mm ≤ d5 ≤ 3mm.

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