Dental implant with a gradient micro-porous structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical instrument technical field discloses a kind of dental implant with gradient microporous structure, including a kind of integrated structure's implant body, its inside includes the main load-bearing structure extending along axial direction and the bone induction microporous structure interwoven with it, the space volume proportion of the main load-bearing structure and bone induction microporous structure in implant body, along the axial direction is continuously gradient change, from crown end to root tip end, main load-bearing structure proportion reduces and bone induction microporous structure proportion increases.The utility model is designed by bionic gradient structure, so that implant can be according to the different functional requirements of implant site, realize from with mechanical support as main to with bone induction as main smooth transition, optimize mechanics and biological performance, effectively relieve stress shielding effect, improve the long-term success rate of implant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of medical device technology, specifically relating to an implant for dental restoration, and more particularly to a dental implant with a gradient microporous structure that synergistically optimizes mechanical and biological properties through an internal structural gradient design. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of prosthodontics, dental implants have become the mainstream solution for restoring missing teeth. Their long-term success rate highly depends on the stable and lasting osseointegration formed between the implant and the alveolar bone. An ideal dental implant needs to provide sufficient mechanical stability in the early stages of implantation to support immediate or early loading, while maximizing bone ingrowth in the long term to form a firm biological fixation.

[0003] To achieve initial stability, traditional implants often employ a solid screw-like design made of pure titanium or titanium alloy, forming a tight mechanical lock with bone tissue through macroscopic threads. This design offers high mechanical strength and effectively resists chewing forces, but it also has inherent drawbacks.

[0004] Because the elastic modulus of dense metal is much higher than that of human bone tissue, the significant stiffness mismatch between the two can trigger a stress shielding effect. That is, an overly rigid implant bears most of the occlusal force, causing the surrounding bone tissue to atrophy due to a lack of necessary physiological and mechanical stimulation. Over time, this may lead to peri-implant bone resorption or even implant failure.

[0005] To improve biological performance and promote bone ingrowth, porous implant technology has emerged. For example, some existing technologies, such as certain publicly disclosed implants with porous coatings, construct a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure on the implant surface or as a whole, providing a biomimetic scaffold for osteoblast and blood vessel inward growth, and forming a bone-ingrowth mechanical interlock, thereby achieving more robust biological fixation.

[0006] However, these porous implants usually come at the cost of sacrificing overall mechanical strength. The increased porosity directly leads to a reduction in the effective load-bearing area of ​​the material, resulting in a decrease in the implant's fatigue resistance and fracture resistance. Especially in the posterior tooth region, which needs to withstand huge occlusal forces, its stability in the early stages of implantation is often insufficient, making it difficult to meet the growing clinical demand for immediate loading.

[0007] In summary, current implant designs often face a dilemma: solid designs, which prioritize mechanical strength, suffer from deficiencies in biocompatibility and stress transmission, while porous designs, which emphasize bone ingrowth, struggle to guarantee initial mechanical stability. The key challenge in the field of dental implants is how to achieve a gradient configuration of mechanical and biological properties based on the functional needs of different locations within a single implant—that is, ensuring density in the high-strength coronal region and providing high porosity in the periapical region where rapid osseointegration is required. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing implants in balancing initial mechanical stability and long-term osseointegration, and to provide a dental implant with a gradient microporous structure. Its structural design can intelligently match the mechanical and biological functional requirements of different parts along the axial direction, thereby significantly improving the long-term success rate of implantation.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure is an integrated implant body, comprising a main load-bearing spiral extending axially along the implant body, and a bone-inducing spiral interwoven with the main load-bearing spiral and extending axially with a gradient change; wherein the spatial volume ratio of the main load-bearing spiral and the bone-inducing spiral within the implant body exhibits a continuous gradient change along the axial direction, resulting in a smooth transition in the overall structure and mechanical properties of the implant body from the coronal tip to the root tip.

[0011] Preferably, the gradient change in the spatial volume ratio is specifically manifested as follows: from the coronal end to the root tip of the implant body, the spatial volume ratio of the main load-bearing spiral shows a continuous decreasing trend, while the spatial volume ratio of the bone-inducing spiral shows a continuous increasing trend, thereby forming a structure mainly for mechanical load-bearing in the coronal end region, and a structure mainly for promoting bone ingrowth in the root tip region.

[0012] Preferably, the main load-bearing spiral is a dense solid structure or a microporous structure with a preset porosity of less than 5%, in order to provide mechanical stability in the early stage of implantation and withstand long-term occlusal loads.

[0013] Preferably, the bone-inducing spirochete is a mesh or truss structure with three-dimensionally interconnected micropores, which provide a scaffold for osteoblast growth and blood vessel formation, promoting the growth of bone tissue into the implant.

[0014] More preferably, the average pore size of the micropores of the bone-inducing spirochete exhibits an increasing gradient trend along the axial direction from the coronal end to the root tip, with the pore size ranging from 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers.

[0015] More preferably, at the coronal end, the spatial volume ratio of the main load-bearing spiral is greater than that of the bone-inducing spiral; at the root tip, the spatial volume ratio of the bone-inducing spiral is greater than that of the main load-bearing spiral, thus achieving a clear division and smooth transition of functional areas.

[0016] Preferably, the implant body of the integrated structure is integrally formed from a biocompatible metal or its alloy material through an additive manufacturing process; the biocompatible metal is a medical-grade titanium alloy or tantalum alloy.

[0017] Preferably, the crown end also includes an abutment connection port for connecting the abutment, the inner wall of the abutment connection port being provided with an internal hexagonal groove for transmitting torque and preventing rotation of the restoration; a platform transfer structure is also provided at the edge of the abutment connection port.

[0018] Preferably, at least one cutting edge is provided on the external thread near the root tip to enhance the self-tapping capability of the implant; and a pointed hole is provided at the end of the root tip to accommodate bone fragments and reduce root tip pressure during implantation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0020] This invention innovatively combines a dense, load-bearing spiral that provides primary mechanical support with a porous, bone-inducing spiral that guides bone tissue ingrowth. By employing a dual-gradient design that alters the volume ratio of the two components and the micropore diameter along the axial direction, the implant can smoothly transition from primarily mechanical support to primarily bone-inducing support based on the functional needs of different sites. This biomimetic gradient design significantly optimizes the mechanical and biological properties after implantation, ensuring sufficient strength at the coronal tip for excellent immediate stability while promoting rapid and robust osseointegration at the root tip. Simultaneously, the gradient elastic modulus helps alleviate stress shielding effects, transmitting occlusal force more evenly and physiologically to surrounding bone tissue, avoiding bone resorption caused by stress concentration, ultimately comprehensively improving the long-term clinical success rate of the implant and patient comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The implant shown is a cross-sectional view along its axis.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the middle coronary artery.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the root tip.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Main load-bearing spiral; 2-Bone-inducing spiral; 3-Coronal end; 4-Root tip; 5-Micropore; 6-Implant body; 7-Abutment connection; 8-Internal hexagonal groove; 9-Platform transfer structure; 10-Neck micro-thread; 11-Cutting edge; 12-Apical foramen; 13-Thread top; 14-Thread valley. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This utility model discloses a dental implant with a gradient microporous structure. The implant is a single implant body 6, which is an integrated structure. It is preferably integrally formed using selective laser melting (SLM) or other additive manufacturing processes and biocompatible materials such as medical-grade titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. This manufacturing method ensures the precise realization and structural integrity of its complex internal gradient structure. The two axial ends of the implant body 6 are defined as the coronal end 3, which is close to the oral cavity and used to connect to the upper prosthesis, and the root tip 4, which is implanted deep into the bone tissue.

[0029] The implant body 6 contains two intertwined spiral structures with different functions: the main load-bearing spiral 1 and the bone-inducing spiral 2.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the main load-bearing spiral 1 is the main contributor to the mechanical properties of the implant. In this embodiment, it is designed as a dense solid structure or a microporous structure with extremely low porosity, such as less than 5%. This dense structure endows the main load-bearing spiral 1 with high strength and high stiffness, enabling it to effectively bear and distribute various complex loads generated during chewing, thereby providing strong initial mechanical stability after implantation.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the main function of the bone-inducing helix 2 is to provide space and biological guidance for the ingrowth of bone tissue. To this end, its structure is designed as a mesh or truss structure with three-dimensional interconnected micropores 5. The pore size of these micropores 5 ranges from, for example, 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and the porosity is optimized to simulate the microenvironment of human cancellous bone, providing an ideal topological scaffold for the migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby greatly promoting the deep ingrowth of bone tissue into the implant and forming a firm biological fixation.

[0032] The most critical technical feature of this invention lies in its gradient functional design, which is achieved through a dual continuous variation in both the spatial volume ratio and microstructure of the main load-bearing spiral 1 and the bone-inducing spiral 2. Regarding the gradient in spatial volume ratio, such as... Figure 2 As shown, from the crown end 3 of the implant body 6 to the root tip 4, the proportion of the space volume occupied by the main load-bearing spiral 1 shows a continuous decreasing trend, while the proportion of the space volume occupied by the bone-inducing spiral 2 shows a corresponding continuous increasing trend.

[0033] Specifically, in the coronal region 3, such as Figure 3 As shown, the primary load-bearing spiral 1 dominates, with a volume ratio much larger than that of the bone-inducing spiral 2, thereby maximizing the mechanical load-bearing capacity of this region to cope with the concentrated occlusal stress; conversely, in the root apex region 4, as... Figure 4 As shown, the volume ratio of the bone-inducing spiral 2 is much larger than that of the main load-bearing spiral 1, which provides a wider space for bone ingrowth in the root apex region and is conducive to achieving rapid and firm long-term biological fixation in the cancellous bone region where bone remodeling is active.

[0034] Furthermore, the gradient design is also reflected in the microstructure of the osteoinducible spirochete 2 itself, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the comparison, the average pore size of the micropores 5 constituting the bone-inducing spiral 2 also shows a gradual increasing trend along the axial direction from the coronal end 3 to the root tip 4. Near the coronal end 3, the smaller micropore size helps to maintain higher local structural strength while ensuring bone ingrowth capacity. Near the root tip 4, the larger micropore size is more conducive to the transport of nutrients and the formation of new blood vessels, thereby accelerating the growth and maturation of deep bone tissue.

[0035] To further optimize the clinical performance of the implant, this embodiment also integrates other structural features, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, at the crown end 3, there is an abutment connection port 7 for connecting a dental abutment. The abutment connection port 7 has an internal hexagonal groove 8 inside. The internal hexagonal groove 8 is used to transmit the torque applied by the surgical wrench during implantation and to prevent the abutment from rotating after the repair is completed.

[0036] At the edge of the abutment connection 7, a platform transfer structure 9 can also be designed, that is, the diameter of the implant platform is larger than the connection diameter of the abutment. This helps to form better soft tissue closure and reduce stress on the marginal bone. On the outer surface of the coronal end 3, below the platform transfer structure 9, several turns of neck micro-threads 10 are also machined. These neck micro-threads 10 have a small pitch and depth and are specifically designed to interact with the cortical bone, which can more finely disperse stress and reduce the risk of marginal bone resorption.

[0037] The implant body 6 has a tapered macroscopic shape and external threads defined by the thread apex 13 and thread valley 14; as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, at least one longitudinal cutting edge 11 is provided near the root tip 4. The cutting edge 11 enables the implant to have self-tapping capability during screwing, which facilitates the implantation operation. At the very end of the root tip 4, there is also a root tip foramen 12, which can collect bone fragments and reduce root tip pressure during implantation.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the implant body 6 is made of tantalum-based metal or its alloy with better biocompatibility and is integrally formed by additive manufacturing process.

[0040] In addition, after the implant body 6 is manufactured, its outer surface, especially the part of the bone-inducing helix 2 exposed to the outside, is further surface treated. This treatment can be large-particle sandblasting and acid etching to create a nanoscale rough morphology on the basis of the micron-scale porous structure. This composite morphology can further enhance the hydrophilicity of the implant surface and provide more sites for protein adsorption and cell adhesion, thereby synergistically accelerating the bone integration process.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] This embodiment provides another way to implement a gradient microporous structure. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the internal structure is not composed of two interwoven helices, but is composed of a solid main load-bearing core column extending along the axis and an integrated porous lattice layer surrounding the main load-bearing core column.

[0043] The porosity of this porous lattice layer exhibits a gradient change both radially and axially, gradually increasing from the inner layer near the main load-bearing core column towards the outer surface, and also gradually increasing from the coronal end 3 towards the root tip 4. This design can also ensure sufficient mechanical strength in the coronal region, while providing ample space for bone ingrowth in the root tip and peripheral regions, achieving the beneficial effects of this invention.

[0044] In this structure, the base connection port 7 and the internal hexagonal groove 8 are directly set at the crown end of the main load-bearing core column to ensure the stability and reliability of the connection.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0046] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure, characterized in that, The implant is an integrated implant body (6) and includes a main load-bearing spiral (1) extending axially along the implant body (6); and a bone-inducing spiral (2) with a gradient change that interweaves with the main load-bearing spiral (1) and extends axially along the axis. The proportion of the main load-bearing spiral (1) and the bone-inducing spiral (2) in the space volume of the implant body (6) varies continuously along the axial direction, so that the overall structure and mechanical properties of the implant body (6) from the crown end (3) to the root tip (4) present a smooth transition.

2. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient change in the spatial volume ratio is specifically manifested as follows: from the coronal end (3) of the implant body (6) to the root tip (4), the spatial volume ratio of the main load-bearing spiral (1) shows a continuous decreasing trend, and the spatial volume ratio of the bone-inducing spiral (2) shows a continuous increasing trend, thereby forming a structure mainly for mechanical load-bearing in the coronal end (3) region, and a structure mainly for promoting bone ingrowth in the root tip (4) region.

3. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main load-bearing spiral (1) is a dense solid structure or a microporous structure with a preset porosity of less than 5%, which is used to provide mechanical stability in the early stage of implantation and to withstand long-term occlusal loads.

4. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bone-inducing spirochete (2) is a mesh or truss structure with three-dimensional interconnected micropores (5), which provide a scaffold for osteoblast growth and blood vessel formation, promoting the growth of bone tissue into the implant.

5. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The average pore size of the micropores (5) of the bone-inducing spirochete (2) increases along the axial direction from the coronal end (3) to the root tip (4), and its pore size ranges from 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers.

6. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, At the coronal end (3), the spatial volume ratio of the main load-bearing spiral (1) is greater than that of the bone-inducing spiral (2); at the root tip (4), the spatial volume ratio of the bone-inducing spiral (2) is greater than that of the main load-bearing spiral (1), thus achieving a clear division and smooth transition of functional areas.

7. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implant body (6) of the integrated structure is integrally formed from a biocompatible metal or its alloy material through an additive manufacturing process; the biocompatible metal is a medical-grade titanium alloy or tantalum alloy.

8. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crown end (3) also includes an abutment connection port (7) for connecting the abutment. The inner wall of the abutment connection port (7) is provided with an internal hexagonal groove (8) for transmitting torque and preventing the restoration from rotating. A platform transfer structure (9) is also provided at the edge of the abutment connection port (7).

9. A dental implant with a gradient microporous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one cutting edge (11) is provided on the external thread near the root tip (4) to enhance the self-tapping ability of the implant; and a pointed hole (12) is provided at the end of the root tip (4) to accommodate bone fragments and reduce root tip pressure during implantation.

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