A device for preparing a phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521937615.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-09
AI Technical Summary
本实用新型解决了目前磷石膏复合阻燃材料生产过程中设备对原料的剪切混合程度不够以及烧结设备温控不够精准导致的所制备阻燃材料性能受到影响的问题
本实用新型提供的一种磷石膏复合阻燃材料制备装置，在原料与阻燃剂进行混合的高速混合机内设置两组分散叶片，分别设置于高速混合机内顶面以及内底面，两组分散叶片向相反方向旋转，加速原料的分散混合；分散叶片包括主叶片以及微型扰流片，微型扰流片设置于主叶片上，主叶片与微型扰流片形成多层错列剪切结构，形成局部剪切涡流区，提升原料的分散效率。
Smart Images
Figure CN224865410U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of equipment for preparing flame retardant materials from solid waste; specifically, it relates to a device for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant materials. Background Technology
[0002] Phosphogypsum is the main solid waste generated during the wet-process phosphoric acid production process, producing approximately 4.5 to 5.5 tons of phosphogypsum for every ton of phosphoric acid produced. my country produces about 80 million tons of phosphogypsum annually, with accumulated stockpiles exceeding 600 million tons. This large-scale stockpiling not only occupies land resources but also poses environmental risks such as groundwater and dust pollution. Therefore, the resource utilization of phosphogypsum has become a key technological issue for the green development of the phosphoric acid chemical industry. Phosphogypsum can be reused by combining it with inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide to prepare flame-retardant materials. This approach leverages the phosphorus-based flame-retardant properties of phosphogypsum while achieving high-value utilization of the waste material.
[0003] The equipment currently used to prepare composite flame retardant materials with phosphogypsum still has the following technical problems: 1) The mixing degree of the raw material mixing equipment is low, resulting in uneven dispersion of each component, which affects the flame retardant performance of the subsequently produced flame retardant materials; 2) There is a lack of effective temperature control sintering, resulting in an insufficiently dense network structure of the flame retardant material. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a device for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant materials. A reinforced shearing component is installed within a high-speed mixer to thoroughly shear the raw materials and ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components. This guarantees a uniform distribution of raw material components in the subsequently produced flame retardant material, improving its overall flame retardant performance. Furthermore, a PID closed-loop temperature control system is implemented during the sintering stage to precisely control the temperature at different stages of the sintering process, resulting in a uniform internal network structure in the sintered flame retardant material. This invention solves the problems of insufficient shearing and mixing of raw materials and inaccurate temperature control in current phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material production processes, which negatively impact the performance of the prepared flame retardant materials.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: An apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material, comprising: A feeding and processing system is used to add flame retardant materials to prepare raw materials and to dry and ball mill the raw materials. The system includes: a phosphogypsum feeding silo, a dryer, and a ball mill; the phosphogypsum feeding silo is connected to the ball mill in sequence through the dryer. A flame retardant composite system is used to quantitatively add flame retardants and synergists, and to mix the raw materials, flame retardants, and synergists; the system includes: a flame retardant metering device, a synergist adding device, and a premixer; the flame retardant metering device and the synergist adding device are both connected to the premixer; The core composite preparation system is used for high-speed shear dispersion and thorough mixing of raw materials, flame retardants, and synergists; the system includes: a high-speed mixer and dispersion blades; the premixer is connected to the high-speed mixer. A molding and sintering system is used to press and sinter mixed raw materials to form a structurally stable flame-retardant material; the system includes: a pressing and molding machine, a sintering furnace, and a cooling device; the high-speed mixer is connected in sequence to the pressing and molding machine, the sintering furnace, and the cooling device; the sintering furnace is equipped with a PID closed-loop temperature control system for precise temperature control during the sintering stage.
[0006] Preferably, the high-speed mixer is provided with dispersing blades, and two sets of dispersing blades are provided, with the two sets of dispersing blades respectively located on the top surface and the bottom surface of the high-speed mixer; Each of the two sets of dispersing blades is equipped with a rotating screw, and the two rotating screws drive the respective dispersing blades to rotate in opposite directions.
[0007] Preferably, each set of the dispersion blades consists of several main blades and micro-turbulence deflectors; The micro-blower is disposed on the surface of the main blade; The height of the micro-turbulence plate is set to 10~15mm, and the angle is set to 30~90°.
[0008] By combining micro-turbulence vanes with the main blades to form a multi-layered staggered shear structure, a local shear vortex zone is created, improving the dispersion efficiency of raw materials.
[0009] Preferably, the PID closed-loop temperature control system includes: The heating tubes are arranged in three groups, with the heating power of each group increasing sequentially; the three groups of heating tubes correspond to the preheating section, reaction section and sintering section of the sintering process, respectively. Several groups of temperature sensors are set up and evenly distributed inside the sintering furnace so that their collection range covers the entire area inside the sintering furnace. The processor, as the core controller, has several sets of temperature sensors communicatively connected to its input terminal; and three sets of heating tubes communicatively connected to its control output terminal.
[0010] Preferably, the cooling device is further connected to an oxygen index meter, which is used to measure the oxygen index of the finished product. The combustion test machine and the finished product collection device are arranged sequentially behind the oxygen index meter. The combustion test machine is used to test the flame retardant properties of the finished product; qualified finished products are collected in the finished product collection device.
[0011] Preferably, an integrated acid removal and screening device is installed before the phosphogypsum feeding silo; The integrated acid removal and screening device includes: A vibrating screen is provided with multiple screening plates to remove large particles of impurities, with the mesh size of each screening plate decreasing sequentially. The vibrating screen is equipped with a spray deacidification nozzle above it. The deacidification liquid is sprayed onto the raw material to remove free acid from the raw material and prevent subsequent corrosion of the flame retardant.
[0012] Preferably, a co-recovery device for exhaust gas dust is also provided above the sintering furnace; The exhaust gas recovery device is configured as a gas condensation recovery device, which is located at the top of the sintering furnace. The gas diffuses upward from the top of the sintering furnace and condenses inside the condensation recovery device to achieve recovery. The dust recovery device is configured as a pulse bag filter, which is connected to the outlet of the sintering furnace to recover the dust generated during the sintering and solidification process, thereby reducing raw material loss and environmental pressure.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This utility model provides a device for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material. Two sets of dispersing blades are set in a high-speed mixer for mixing raw materials and flame retardants. The blades are respectively set on the top and bottom surfaces of the high-speed mixer. The two sets of dispersing blades rotate in opposite directions to accelerate the dispersion and mixing of raw materials. The dispersing blades include main blades and micro-turbulence plates. The micro-turbulence plates are set on the main blades. The main blades and micro-turbulence plates form a multi-layer staggered shear structure, forming a local shear vortex zone and improving the dispersion efficiency of raw materials.
[0014] The sintering furnace is equipped with a PID closed-loop temperature control system. For the three stages of the sintering process—preheating, reaction, and sintering—corresponding sintering heating tubes are set up. Full-coverage temperature sensors accurately reflect the temperature inside the furnace, and the sintering temperature is controlled independently by the heating tubes of each stage, improving the temperature control accuracy of the sintering process. This results in the formation of a dense and uniform network structure inside the sintered flame-retardant material.
[0015] Before raw material pretreatment, the raw materials are first screened to remove large particles of impurities to avoid affecting the structural density of the subsequent flame-retardant material; at the same time, the raw materials are acid-washed and sprayed to remove free acid and avoid corrosive reaction with the flame retardant. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the production line for the flame-retardant material preparation device of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dispersion blade structure of this utility model.
[0018] In the attached diagram, the structural names represented by each number are as follows: 1-Phosphogypsum feed silo, 2-Dryer, 3-Ball mill, 4-Flame retardant metering device, 5-Synergy additive device, 6-Premixer, 7-High-speed mixer, 8-PID temperature control system, 9-Dispersion blade, 901-Main blade, 902-Miniature baffle, 10-Compression molding machine, 11-Sintering furnace, 12-Cooling device, 13-Oxygen index meter, 14-Combustion test machine, 15-Finished product collection device. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, an apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material includes: The feeding system includes a phosphogypsum feed silo 1, a dryer 2, and a ball mill 3. The phosphogypsum feed silo 1 is connected to the dryer 2 via a conveying pipeline, and the dryer 2 is connected to the ball mill 3 via a pipeline. The phosphogypsum raw material is conveyed from the phosphogypsum feed silo 1 to the dryer 2, where the dryer 2 reduces the moisture content of the phosphogypsum to below 2% at a temperature of 120°C to avoid excessive moisture content affecting subsequent mixing and sintering processes. The dried phosphogypsum enters the ball mill 3, where it is ground to a particle size of 300 mesh to ensure particle size uniformity and reactivity. The ball-milled phosphogypsum raw material enters the premixer 6 to prepare for mixing with flame retardants and synergists. The flame retardant composite system includes: a flame retardant metering device 4, a synergist adding device 5, and a premixer 6; Flame retardant metering device 4 and synergist adding device 5 quantitatively add flame retardant and synergist into premixer 6. The flame retardant can be aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, and the synergist can be antimony trioxide or zinc borate. The optimized ratio of phosphogypsum:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium hydroxide:synergist = 40:35:20:5 is initially mixed in premixer 6. The flame retardant meter 4 mentioned above is existing equipment and can be purchased and used directly; For example, the synergist adding device 5 described above includes: Drug storage container, containing synergistic agents; Metering components are typically employed using a metering pump or a screw conveyor. Control switch to automatically control metering pump or screw conveyor to add synergist in a metered manner; The core composite preparation system includes: a high-speed mixer 7; a premixer 6 connected to the high-speed mixer 7 via a delivery pipeline; After the phosphogypsum raw material is mixed with the flame retardant and synergist, it is transported to the high-speed mixer 7 for thorough dispersion and mixing. The mixed raw material is subjected to strong stirring in the high-speed mixer 7, and the high shear force ensures that each component is evenly dispersed. In addition, the high-speed mixer 7 is equipped with a heating tube and an external heating controller. The heating temperature in the high-speed mixer 7 is controlled at 60~80℃ by the heating controller, which promotes the interfacial bonding between phosphogypsum and flame retardant. In a preferred embodiment, the high-speed mixer 7 is provided with two sets of dispersing blades 9, which are respectively disposed on the inner top surface and the inner bottom surface of the high-speed mixer 7. The two sets of dispersing blades 9 are respectively disposed on two rotating screws, which are driven by a drive motor to rotate in opposite directions, and the two sets of dispersing blades 9 also rotate in opposite directions. The two sets of dispersing blades 9 can perform counter-directional stirring of the raw materials from both the top and bottom directions, break up agglomerates, and improve the mixing uniformity of the raw materials. The molding and sintering system includes a pressing and molding machine 10, a sintering furnace 11, and a cooling device 12. The raw materials, thoroughly mixed by a high-speed mixer 7, are fed into the pressing and molding machine 10. The pressing and molding machine 10 presses the composite raw materials into a preform, which is then sent to the sintering furnace 11 for high-temperature firing to solidify and shape it. The preform undergoes three firing stages in the sintering furnace 11: a preheating stage (temperature controlled at 300℃) to dehydrate the preform; a reaction stage (temperature controlled at 600℃) to allow the phosphogypsum raw material and flame retardant to undergo an interfacial reaction; and a sintering stage (temperature controlled at 750℃) to densify the preform and form a stable inorganic flame-retardant network structure. As a preferred embodiment, precise temperature control at different stages of sintering directly determines the density of the internal network structure and the flame-retardant performance of the finished flame-retardant material; therefore, a PID temperature control system 8 is set up in the sintering furnace 11 to precisely control the temperature at different stages within the sintering furnace 11. The PID temperature control system 8 includes: The heating tubes are set in three groups, and each group can have several tubes; the power of each group of heating tubes increases sequentially to ensure that the required heating temperature is reached in a short time; the three groups of heating tubes correspond to the heating of the three stages of preheating, reaction and sintering respectively. Several groups of temperature sensors are set up and evenly distributed inside the sintering furnace 11 so that their collection range covers the entire area inside the sintering furnace 11. The processor, as the core controller, has several sets of temperature sensors communicating with its input terminal, and three sets of heating tubes communicating with its control output terminal. Several sets of temperature sensors collect temperature data in the sintering furnace 11 in real time. Multiple sets of temperature data are fed into the processor, which integrates the multiple sets of temperature data to obtain an average value. The average value reflects the temperature environment inside the sintering furnace 11. According to the temperature required at different stages of sintering, the processor sends control commands to different heating tubes to quickly raise the temperature inside the sintering furnace 11 to the specified sintering temperature. The PID temperature control system 8 achieves precise temperature control and adjustment, avoiding uneven density of the internal network structure of the flame retardant material due to sintering temperature deviation, which would affect the overall structural strength of the flame retardant material.
[0021] Example 2 Based on Example 1, two sets of opposing rotating dispersing blades 9 are arranged in the high-speed mixer 7 in Example 1 in two directions. The two sets of opposing rotating blades break up the clumps in the mixture and make the mixture fully and evenly mixed. As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, based on the dispersing blade 9, a micro-turbulence plate 902 is set to assist in the dispersion and uniform mixing of raw materials; the micro-turbulence plate 902 is set on the surface of the main blade 901 of the dispersing blade 9, and several micro-turbulence plates 902 are set. The height of the micro-turbulence plate 902 can be set to any one of 10, 13 or 15, and the included angle between the micro-turbulence plate 902 and the surface of the main blade 901 is set to any one of 30°, 60° or 90°; By combining the micro-turbulence plate 902 with the main blade 901 to form a multi-layered staggered shear structure, a local shear vortex zone is formed, which improves the dispersion efficiency of the raw materials.
[0022] Example 3 Based on Example 1, this example sets up an integrated acid removal and screening device before the pretreatment step of phosphogypsum raw material to remove large particulate impurities in the phosphogypsum raw material and clean the free acid in the primary phosphogypsum raw material. Large particulate impurities will affect the density and uniformity of the internal structure of the flame retardant material in the later stage, while the acidic substances inside will cause a corrosive reaction to the added flame retardant, affecting the flame retardant performance of the finished product. The integrated acid removal and screening device includes: Vibrating screens are equipped with screen plates of different mesh sizes, with the mesh size decreasing from top to bottom. Vibrating screening can remove large particles of impurities from phosphogypsum raw materials, resulting in phosphogypsum raw materials that meet the particle size requirements and can still be used. A spray deacidification nozzle is installed above the vibrating screen. A deacidification liquid can be sprayed onto the phosphogypsum raw material through the spray deacidification nozzle, and the free acid in the phosphogypsum raw material is removed by acid washing. The phosphogypsum raw material, after being sprayed and acid-washed, will be dried in a subsequent dryer.
[0023] Example 4 Based on Example 1, this example further includes an oxygen index meter 13 after the cooling device 12, used to measure the oxygen index in the produced flame retardant material and test the flame retardant performance of the product. Under normal circumstances, the product is considered a qualified product if its oxygen index is ≥32% and its flammability rating is V-0. Following the oxygen index meter 13, a combustion test machine 14 is also installed to test the flame retardant performance of flame retardant products; Products that pass the tests conducted by the oxygen index tester 13 and the combustion test machine 14 are collected at the finished product collection device 15.
[0024] Example 5 Based on Example 1, during the sintering and solidification process of the flame-retardant material preform in a high-temperature sintering furnace, the moisture contained within it is vaporized at high temperature, and the exhaust gas diffuses out of the sintering furnace 11. In addition, the exhaust gas diffused during the sintering process carries raw material dust. In order to meet environmental emission requirements and to recycle and reuse the raw material dust, this embodiment sets up a gas condensation and recovery device above the sintering furnace. The exhaust gas diffused from the sintering furnace enters the condensation and recovery device and condenses into water vapor upon cooling, thus achieving the purpose of exhaust gas recovery. In addition, a dust recovery device is set at the outlet of the sintering furnace. The dust recovery device is set up as a pulse bag dust collector to recover and reuse the dust raw materials diffused out of the sintering furnace, thereby reducing raw material loss.
Claims
1. An apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material, comprising: A feeding and processing system is used to add flame retardant materials to prepare raw materials and to dry and ball mill the raw materials. The system includes: a phosphogypsum feeding silo, a dryer, and a ball mill; the phosphogypsum feeding silo is connected to the ball mill in sequence through the dryer. A flame retardant composite system is used to quantitatively add flame retardants and synergists, and to mix the raw materials, flame retardants, and synergists; the system includes: a flame retardant metering device, a synergist adding device, and a premixer; the flame retardant metering device and the synergist adding device are both connected to the premixer; Its characteristic is that it further includes: The core composite preparation system is used for high-speed shear dispersion and thorough mixing of raw material flame retardant and synergist mixture; the system includes: a high-speed mixer and dispersion blades; the premixer is connected to the high-speed mixer. A molding and sintering system is used to press and sinter mixed raw materials to form a structurally stable flame-retardant material; the system includes: a pressing and molding machine, a sintering furnace, and a cooling device; the high-speed mixer is connected in sequence to the pressing and molding machine, the sintering furnace, and the cooling device; the sintering furnace is equipped with a PID temperature control system for precise temperature control during the sintering stage.
2. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed mixer is equipped with dispersing blades, and two sets of dispersing blades are respectively disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the high-speed mixer. Each of the two sets of dispersing blades is equipped with a rotating screw, and the two rotating screws drive the respective dispersing blades to rotate in opposite directions.
3. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each set of the dispersion blades consists of several main blades and micro-turbulence deflectors; The micro-blower is disposed on the surface of the main blade; The height of the micro-turbulence plate is set to 10~15mm, and the angle is set to 30~90°.
4. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PID temperature control system includes: The heating tubes are arranged in three groups, with the heating power of each group increasing sequentially; the three groups of heating tubes correspond to the preheating section, reaction section and sintering section of the sintering process, respectively. Several groups of temperature sensors are set up and evenly distributed inside the sintering furnace so that their collection range covers the entire area inside the sintering furnace. The processor, as the core controller, has several sets of temperature sensors communicatively connected to its input terminal; and three sets of heating tubes communicatively connected to its control output terminal.
5. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device is also connected to an oxygen index meter, which is used to measure the oxygen index of the finished product. The combustion test machine and the finished product collection device are arranged sequentially behind the oxygen index meter. The combustion test machine is used to test the flame retardant properties of the finished product; qualified finished products are collected in the finished product collection device.
6. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, An integrated acid removal and screening device is also installed before the phosphogypsum feeding silo. The integrated acid removal and screening device includes: A vibrating screen is provided with multiple screening plates, and the mesh size of each screening plate decreases sequentially. A spray deacidification nozzle is installed above the vibrating screen.
7. The apparatus for preparing phosphogypsum composite flame retardant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, A co-recovery device for exhaust gas and dust is also installed above the sintering furnace. The exhaust gas recovery device is a gas condensation recovery device, located at the top of the sintering furnace; The dust recovery device is set as a pulse bag filter and is connected to the outlet of the sintering furnace.