Combined punch for piercing ring-shaped forged piece

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of forging forming, concretely relates to a composite punch for ring forging cogging punching, including base body, intermediate section and work head, the base body is used for connecting hydraulic equipment, the base body, intermediate section and work head are detachable connection in proper order, form the punch of column, be equipped with the heat insulation gasket between the intermediate section with the base body, the heat insulation gasket is molybdenum base alloy material structure spare, the utility model has adopted the composite punch of work head, intermediate section and base body connection in proper order, need not scrap the whole punch after work head wear or damage, greatly reduced the die consumable cost and use cost, and significantly shortened the equipment downtime, in addition, the intermediate section can effectively block the extreme high temperature that work head bears spreads to the base body, the base body main structure with relatively lower protection cost is not caused by high temperature softening and fails, ensures the reliable transmission of stamping load simultaneously, guarantees the stability and precision of the punching process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of forging and forming, and in particular to a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace, energy equipment, and other fields, ring forgings (such as turbine disks and casings) are widely manufactured using high-temperature alloys (such as GH4169 and GH4738) and titanium alloys (such as Ti-6Al-4V). These materials retain extremely high deformation resistance and a strong tendency to adhere even under high-temperature forging conditions, placing extremely high demands on the punching process. As a key process in the forming of ring forgings, the quality of the initial punching directly affects the dimensional accuracy, internal structural integrity, and subsequent machining performance of the forgings.

[0003] Currently, the industry commonly uses integral die steel punches (such as H13 steel) for punching operations. However, this structure has the following significant drawbacks: Short working end life: The working end of the punch is prone to plastic deformation, wear, thermal fatigue cracks and material adhesion under high temperature, high pressure and severe friction environment, which leads to frequent punch failure, especially when punching high temperature alloys and titanium alloys.

[0004] High replacement costs: Large ring forgings require punches that are large in size and heavy in weight. They are made of high-quality mold steel, which is costly. Once the working end is damaged, the entire piece needs to be replaced, resulting in a huge waste of materials and processing resources.

[0005] Low production efficiency: Replacing the entire punch is a complex and time-consuming operation, which leads to prolonged equipment downtime and affects the continuity of the production line and production efficiency.

[0006] Unstable product quality: Wear or deformation of the punch working end can lead to deviations in punching size, rough hole walls, or even microcracks, which seriously affect the quality of forgings and increase scrap rate and subsequent processing costs.

[0007] Therefore, there is a lack of a punching device in the existing technology that can significantly improve the life of the punch working end, reduce replacement costs, and improve production efficiency and product quality. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the prominent problems of existing integral punches when processing high-temperature alloy / titanium alloy ring forgings, such as short working end life, high replacement cost, long downtime and unstable product quality, and to provide a composite punch for punching ring forgings.

[0009] This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings, including a base, an intermediate section and a working head. The base is used to connect to hydraulic equipment. The base, intermediate section and working head are detachably connected in sequence to form a columnar punch. A heat insulation gasket is provided between the intermediate section and the base. The heat insulation gasket is a structural component made of molybdenum-based alloy.

[0010] This utility model discloses a composite punch for punching ring forgings, which consists of a working head, an intermediate section, and a base connected in sequence. When the working head wears or is damaged, the entire punch does not need to be scrapped, greatly reducing the cost of mold consumables and usage, significantly shortening equipment downtime, and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, during use, the intermediate section effectively prevents the extreme high temperatures experienced by the working head from spreading to the base, protecting the relatively low-cost base structure from softening and failing due to high temperatures. Simultaneously, it ensures the reliable transmission of stamping loads, guaranteeing the stability and accuracy of the punching process.

[0011] Preferably, the middle section is provided with a first threaded hole at one end near the working head, the working head is provided with a first connecting hole, the first connecting hole is provided with a first connecting bolt, and the first connecting bolt passes through the first connecting hole and is connected to the first threaded hole.

[0012] It enables quick installation and replacement of the working head, greatly reducing downtime. When the working head wears out, there is no need to replace the entire punch; simply remove the first connecting bolt to replace the working head, significantly reducing operating costs.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the first connecting hole away from the middle section is provided with a countersunk groove, and the nut of the first connecting bolt can be embedded in the countersunk groove.

[0014] The countersunk design allows the nut of the first connecting bolt to be completely submerged inside the working head, preventing the nut from contacting the high-temperature blank during punching. This prevents the first connecting bolt from being damaged due to high temperature and friction, while also ensuring the stability of the punching process. The protruding nut will not affect the punching quality or damage the mold.

[0015] Preferably, an anti-loosening washer is fitted on the first connecting bolt, and the anti-loosening washer is disposed between the bottom wall of the countersunk groove and the nut of the first connecting bolt.

[0016] The punching process is accompanied by severe vibration. The anti-loosening shim can effectively prevent the first connecting bolt from loosening or even falling off due to vibration, ensuring the stability and reliability of the connection between the working head and the intermediate section, and eliminating the risk of reduced punching accuracy or safety accidents caused by loose connection.

[0017] Preferably, the end face of the intermediate section connected to the working head is provided with a limiting groove, and the end face of the working head connected to the intermediate section is provided with a boss that matches the limiting groove.

[0018] The engagement of the boss and the limiting groove forms a precise positioning structure. This structure ensures that the working head and the intermediate section maintain a high degree of concentricity and perpendicularity, thereby ensuring that the punched hole axis is straight and the size is accurate, effectively avoiding the problem of hole skew caused by installation deviation.

[0019] Preferably, the middle section is provided with a second threaded hole at one end near the base, the base is provided with a second connecting hole, the second connecting hole is provided with a second connecting bolt, and the second connecting bolt passes through the second connecting hole and is connected to the second threaded hole.

[0020] The intermediate section and the base are detachably connected, which makes the intermediate section and the heat insulation pad on it an independently replaceable module. If the intermediate section or the heat insulation pad is damaged, it can be replaced separately, which further improves the modularity and reduces maintenance costs.

[0021] Preferably, a connecting seat is provided at one end of the base away from the middle section. The connecting seat is used to connect hydraulic equipment. The number of second connecting bolts is several, and all the second connecting bolts are arranged around the connecting seat.

[0022] Multiple second connecting bolts are evenly distributed around the connecting seat, which can provide a huge and uniform preload, ensuring that the connection strength between the base and the intermediate section is sufficient to withstand the huge stamping load, preventing loosening or displacement at the connection, and ensuring the rigidity and stability of the overall punch structure. At the same time, the design of the connecting seat can avoid interference between the second connecting bolts and the hydraulic equipment.

[0023] Preferably, the working head is a structural component made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy.

[0024] Nickel-based superalloys possess extremely high high-temperature strength, wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, and anti-adhesion properties. Using them in workheads that directly contact high-temperature blanks can significantly improve the life of the most vulnerable parts of the punch, reduce the frequency of replacement, and thus ensure the stability of punching quality.

[0025] Preferably, the intermediate section is a structural component made of alloy tool steel.

[0026] Alloy tool steel has good strength, toughness and hot hardness, and its cost is lower than that of high temperature alloys. Using it to make intermediate sections can play a transitional role while ensuring the strength required to transmit huge loads, and also take into account economy.

[0027] Preferably, the substrate is a structural component made of hot work die steel.

[0028] Hot work die steel has good high-temperature strength, thermal fatigue resistance and thermal conductivity, and its cost is relatively controllable. Using it to make the base that bears the main structural load can ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the punch. At the same time, the base does not directly contact the high-temperature blank, the working conditions are relatively good, and it can be reused for a long time, which greatly saves costs.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. By setting a detachable working head, the working head can be quickly and individually replaced. After the working head is worn or damaged, the entire punch does not need to be scrapped, which greatly reduces the cost of mold consumables and usage costs, significantly shortens equipment downtime, and improves production efficiency. 2. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. By setting an intermediate section between the working head and the base, the intermediate section is positioned lower than the base and receives the heat from the working head. It can be made of high-temperature resistant material to prevent the extreme high temperature from the working head from spreading further to the base and to protect the base material from softening and failure due to high temperature. 3. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. By setting a heat insulation pad between the middle section and the base, the heat insulation pad is made of molybdenum-based alloy, which has good heat diffusion performance and can quickly diffuse the heat transferred from the working head laterally, avoiding the formation of local hot spots, thereby protecting the base behind. 4. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. The working head is always kept in good condition (precise dimensions and smooth surface), ensuring that the punched holes have high dimensional accuracy, smooth and flat hole walls, and no burrs or micro-cracks. This provides high-quality blanks for subsequent ring rolling processes, reducing scrap rate and subsequent processing volume. 5. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings. It can easily replace working heads of different materials or specifications according to different forging materials (such as stainless steel, high-temperature alloys, high-strength steel, etc.) or different hole diameter requirements, making it more adaptable. 6. This utility model provides a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings, reducing the potential damage risk to equipment caused by punch failure (such as breakage). Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate described in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the middle section of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the working head described in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings in use according to the present invention. Marked in the image: 1-Base, 11-Second connecting hole, 12-Connecting seat, 2-Intermediate section, 21-First threaded hole, 22-Limiting groove, 23-Second threaded hole, 3-Working head, 31-First connecting hole, 32-Counterhead groove, 33-Boss, 4-Heat insulation gasket, 5-First connecting bolt, 6-Second connecting bolt, 7-Anti-loosening gasket, 8-Forging, 9-Punching squeegee. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0033] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0034] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0035] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0036] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0037] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings includes a base 1, an intermediate section 2, and a working head 3. The base 1 is used to connect to hydraulic equipment. The base 1, intermediate section 2, and working head 3 are sequentially and detachably connected to form a columnar punch. A heat insulation gasket 4 is provided between the intermediate section 2 and the base 1. The heat insulation gasket 4 is a molybdenum-based alloy structural component. The working head 3 is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy structural component, such as GH4169 / GH4698. The intermediate section 2 is an alloy tool steel structural component, such as 3Cr2W8V. The base 1 is a hot work die steel structural component, such as 5CrNiMo / H13.

[0038] The composite punch in this embodiment is composed of a working head 3, an intermediate section 2, and a base 1 connected in sequence. After the working head 3 is worn or damaged, the entire punch does not need to be scrapped, which greatly reduces the cost of mold consumables and usage costs, significantly shortens equipment downtime, and improves production efficiency. Moreover, during use, the intermediate section 2 can effectively prevent the extreme high temperature borne by the working head 3 from spreading to the base 1, protecting the relatively low-cost main structure of the base 1 from failure due to high temperature softening. At the same time, it ensures the reliable transmission of stamping load and guarantees the stability and accuracy of the punching process.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the intermediate section 2 is provided with a first threaded hole 21 at one end near the working head 3, and the working head 3 is provided with a first connecting hole 31. The first connecting hole 31 is equipped with a first connecting bolt 5, which passes through the first connecting hole 31 and connects to the first threaded hole 21. This enables the quick installation and replacement of the working head 3, greatly shortening downtime. When the working head 3 is worn, it is not necessary to replace the entire punch; only the first connecting bolt 5 needs to be removed to replace the working head 3, significantly reducing the cost of use.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, a countersunk groove 32 is provided at the end of the first connecting hole 31 away from the middle section 2. The nut of the first connecting bolt 5 can be embedded in the countersunk groove 32. The countersunk groove 32 is designed so that the nut of the first connecting bolt 5 can be completely submerged in the working head 3, avoiding contact between the nut and the high-temperature blank during the punching process, preventing the first connecting bolt 5 from being damaged due to high temperature and friction, and also ensuring the stability of the punching process, so that the protruding nut will not affect the punching quality or damage the mold.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, an anti-loosening washer 7 is fitted on the first connecting bolt 5. The anti-loosening washer 7 is disposed between the bottom wall of the countersunk groove 32 and the nut of the first connecting bolt 5. The anti-loosening washer 7 can effectively prevent the first connecting bolt 5 from loosening or even falling off due to vibration, ensuring the stability and reliability of the connection between the working head 3 and the intermediate section 2, and eliminating the risk of reduced punching accuracy or safety accidents caused by loose connection.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, the intermediate section 2 may be provided with a limiting groove 22, and the working head 3 may be provided with a boss 33. When the working head 3 is connected to the intermediate section 2, the boss 33 is embedded in the limiting groove 22. Through the cooperation of the boss 33 and the limiting groove 22, a precise positioning structure is formed. This structure can ensure that the working head 3 and the intermediate section 2 maintain a very high degree of concentricity and perpendicularity, thereby ensuring that the axis of the punched hole is straight and the size is accurate, effectively avoiding the problem of hole skew caused by installation deviation.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, the intermediate section 2 is provided with a second threaded hole 23 at one end near the base 1, and the base 1 is provided with a second connecting hole 11. The second connecting hole 11 is equipped with a second connecting bolt 6, which passes through the second connecting hole 11 and connects to the second threaded hole 23, thereby realizing a detachable connection between the intermediate section 2 and the base 1. This makes the intermediate section 2 and the heat insulation pad 4 on it also become an independently replaceable module. If the intermediate section 2 or the heat insulation pad 4 is damaged, it can be replaced separately, further improving the modularity and reducing maintenance costs.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, a connecting seat 12 is provided at the end of the base 1 away from the intermediate section 2. The connecting seat 12 is used to connect hydraulic equipment. There are several second connecting bolts 6, and all the second connecting bolts 6 are arranged around the connecting seat 12. The multiple second connecting bolts 6 are evenly distributed around the connecting seat 12, which can provide a huge and uniform preload, ensuring that the connection strength between the base 1 and the intermediate section 2 is sufficient to withstand the huge stamping load, preventing loosening or displacement at the connection, and ensuring the rigidity and stability of the overall structure of the punch. At the same time, the design of the connecting seat 12 can avoid interference between the second connecting bolts 6 and the hydraulic equipment.

[0045] Example 2 like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown in this embodiment, a method for using a composite punch is provided, including the following steps: S1. Place the punching stencil 9 on the equipment workbench; S2. Place the forging 8 on the punching stencil 9; S3. Connect the composite punch for punching ring forgings as described in Example 1 to the hydraulic equipment. S4. Start the hydraulic equipment to punch holes in forging 8; S5. When the working head 3 of the compound punch is damaged, worn, or the material of the forging 8 is changed, remove the first connecting bolt 5 and replace the working head 3.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), an intermediate section (2) and a working head (3). The base (1) is used to connect hydraulic equipment. The base (1), intermediate section (2) and working head (3) are sequentially and detachably connected to form a columnar punch. A heat insulation pad (4) is provided between the intermediate section (2) and the base (1). The heat insulation pad (4) is a molybdenum-based alloy structural component. The working head (3) is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy structural component. The intermediate section (2) is an alloy tool steel structural component. The base (1) is a hot work die steel structural component.

2. The composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle section (2) is provided with a first threaded hole (21) at one end near the working head (3). The working head (3) is provided with a first connecting hole (31). The first connecting hole (31) is equipped with a first connecting bolt (5). The first connecting bolt (5) passes through the first connecting hole (31) and is connected to the first threaded hole (21).

3. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first connecting hole (31) has a countersunk groove (32) at one end away from the middle section (2), and the nut of the first connecting bolt (5) can be inserted into the countersunk groove (32).

4. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 3, characterized in that, An anti-loosening washer (7) is fitted on the first connecting bolt (5), and the anti-loosening washer (7) is located between the bottom wall of the countersunk groove (32) and the nut of the first connecting bolt (5).

5. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end face of the intermediate section (2) connected to the working head (3) is provided with a limiting groove (22), and the end face of the working head (3) connected to the intermediate section (2) is provided with a boss (33) that is adapted to the limiting groove (22).

6. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle section (2) is provided with a second threaded hole (23) at one end near the base (1), and the base (1) is provided with a second connecting hole (11). The second connecting hole (11) is equipped with a second connecting bolt (6), and the second connecting bolt (6) passes through the second connecting hole (11) and is connected to the second threaded hole (23).

7. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base (1) is provided with a connecting seat (12) at one end away from the middle section (2). The connecting seat (12) is used to connect hydraulic equipment. The number of the second connecting bolts (6) is several, and all the second connecting bolts (6) are arranged around the connecting seat (12).

8. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The working head (3) is a structural component made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy.

9. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The middle section (2) is a structural component made of alloy tool steel.

10. A composite punch for punching holes in ring forgings according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The substrate (1) is a structural component made of hot work die steel.

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