Flexible fixture for aerospace special-shaped part machining
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522216597.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-21
AI Technical Summary
[0005]为了弥补以上不足，本实用新型提供了一种航天异形件加工用柔性夹具，旨在改善现有技术中部分航天异形件加工用柔性夹具在使用过程中，由于夹持部件难以适配异形件复杂曲面，导致异形件加工时发生移动产生精度偏差的问题
1、本实用新型中，通过固定轴带动橡胶块移动贴近工件，同时通过转动球带动橡胶板实现全方位转动，再通过滑动柱与弹簧一的弹性调节，从而使橡胶板紧密贴合不同规格异形件的复杂表面，在避免传统刚性夹持对工件表面造成的压痕与损伤，同时通过弹簧一释放的弹力使得橡胶板持续对异形件施加夹持力，从而保障对不同规格的异形件的稳定夹持，进而解决异形件加工时因夹持不稳导致的精度偏差问题，进一步提高加工质量。
Smart Images
Figure CN224866837U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aerospace parts fixtures, and in particular to a flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular parts. Background Technology
[0002] The aerospace industry has unique characteristics in the production of irregularly shaped parts, such as engine casings, satellite bodies, rocket fuel tanks, complex pipelines, and turbine blades. As aerospace missions develop towards higher loads, longer lifespans, and lighter weights (such as new-generation launch vehicles and deep space exploration spacecraft), the manufacturing requirements for irregularly shaped parts are constantly increasing, further driving the innovation of fixture technology. Fixtures for machining aerospace irregularly shaped parts are widely used in the machining of core irregularly shaped components of various equipment such as launch vehicles, spacecraft, and missiles.
[0003] Flexible fixtures for machining aerospace irregular parts mainly adapt to mechanisms such as support, multi-point collaboration, and intelligent feedback to meet the high-precision machining requirements of irregular parts. For example, matrix flexible fixtures use a multi-scale pin array. After the workpiece is placed, the pin group adaptively presses down along the normal direction to tightly fit the tube wall. Through pneumatic full-domain locking, the rigidity of the fixture is increased to 500MPa. At the same time, polyurethane microporous buffer pads are embedded on the top of the pins to distribute the cutting force to more than 200 contact points to avoid crushing thin-walled tubes.
[0004] In existing technologies, some flexible fixtures for machining aerospace irregular parts have problems during use. Because the clamping components are mostly rigid structures, they cannot be flexibly adapted to the complex curved surfaces of the irregular parts. They can only achieve local point contact or line contact, resulting in uneven distribution of clamping force. This causes the irregular parts to shift during machining, resulting in accuracy deviations. Therefore, a flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular parts is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts, aiming to improve the problem that some existing flexible fixtures for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts have difficulty adapting the clamping components to the complex curved surfaces of irregular-shaped parts, resulting in movement and accuracy deviations during the machining of irregular-shaped parts.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts includes a support base, a support platform fixedly connected to the top of the support base, a replacement mechanism on the top of the support platform, and multiple adjustment mechanisms inside the replacement mechanism. Each adjustment mechanism includes multiple fixed shafts, which are externally slidably connected inside the replacement mechanism. Two of the fixed shafts are externally fixedly connected to a rubber block, and the other four fixed shafts are externally fixedly connected to two more rubber blocks. A rotating ball is rotatably connected inside each rubber block, and a support shaft is fixedly connected inside the rotating ball. A reset assembly is slidably connected to the outside of the support shaft, and rubber plates are fixedly connected to adjacent ends of the multiple reset assemblies. As a further description of the above technical solution: The replacement mechanism includes a support ring, which is slidably connected to the outside of the support platform. The support ring has multiple limiting holes inside. Multiple sliding shafts are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support ring. Multiple sliding plates are slidably connected to the inside of the support platform. Multiple limiting shafts are slidably connected to the inside of the support platform. Multiple sliding blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the support platform. Multiple fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the inside of the support platform. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the limiting shaft. As a further description of the above technical solution: Each of the aforementioned reset components includes a sliding post, the sliding post being slidably connected to the outside of the rotating ball, and a spring being sleeved on the outside of the support shaft; As a further description of the above technical solution: The sliding column is internally slidably connected to the outside of the support shaft, and the opposite ends of the multiple springs are respectively fixedly connected to the inside of the multiple rotating balls; As a further description of the above technical solution: The proximal ends of the plurality of springs are respectively fixedly connected to the distal ends of the plurality of sliding columns, and the proximal ends of the plurality of sliding columns are respectively fixedly connected to the distal ends of the plurality of rubber plates. As a further description of the above technical solution: The external sliding connection of the plurality of fixed shafts is made to the inside of the support platform, and the bottom of the plurality of rubber blocks is in contact with the top of the plurality of replacement mechanisms; As a further description of the above technical solution: The exterior of the plurality of limiting shafts is slidably connected to the interior of the plurality of sliding shafts, and the interior of the plurality of sliding blocks is fixedly connected to the exterior of the plurality of limiting shafts; As a further description of the above technical solution: The outer ends of the plurality of limiting shafts are respectively fixedly connected to the interior of the plurality of sliding plates, and the outer sides of the plurality of limiting shafts are respectively slidably connected to the interior of the plurality of fixed blocks.
[0007] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this utility model, a fixed shaft drives a rubber block to move closer to the workpiece, while a rotating ball drives a rubber plate to rotate in all directions. Through the elastic adjustment of the sliding column and spring one, the rubber plate is made to tightly fit the complex surface of irregular parts of different specifications. This avoids the indentation and damage to the workpiece surface caused by traditional rigid clamping. At the same time, the elastic force released by spring one makes the rubber plate continuously apply clamping force to the irregular parts, thereby ensuring stable clamping of irregular parts of different specifications. This solves the problem of accuracy deviation caused by unstable clamping during the processing of irregular parts, and further improves the processing quality.
[0008] 2. In this utility model, by manually pulling the sliding plate, the limiting shaft is quickly released from its fixation. At this time, the support ring slides axially and drives the fixed shaft to adjust its position. Then, by releasing the sliding plate, the spring releases its elastic force to push the limiting shaft back to its original position, thereby fixing the sliding shaft. The entire replacement process does not require special tools, is simple to operate and takes little time, thereby reducing the equipment adjustment time when switching between different specifications of irregular parts, and thus improving the equipment maintenance efficiency and the production efficiency of irregular parts. Attached Figure Description
[0009] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular parts proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed shaft of a flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular parts proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.
[0010] Legend: 1. Support base; 2. Support platform; 3. Replacement mechanism; 31. Support ring; 32. Limiting hole; 33. Sliding shaft; 34. Sliding plate; 35. Limiting shaft; 36. Sliding block; 37. Fixing block; 38. Spring 2; 4. Adjustment mechanism; 41. Fixed shaft; 42. Rubber block; 43. Rotating ball; 44. Support shaft; 45. Reset assembly; 451. Sliding column; 452. Spring 1; 46. Rubber sheet. Detailed Implementation
[0011] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example
[0012] A flexible fixture for machining irregularly shaped aerospace parts, with reference to Figures 1 to 3 The fixture includes a support base 1, which serves as the fundamental load-bearing component. Made of high-strength alloy material, the support base 1 counteracts vibrations and impacts generated during processing, ensuring stable operation. A support platform 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the support base 1. A replacement mechanism 3 is mounted on the top of the support platform 2. The support platform 2 has a hollow frame structure, providing a flat and high-precision mounting reference surface for the replacement mechanism 3. The replacement mechanism 3 allows for rapid replacement of the appropriate clamping module according to the processing requirements of different aerospace-grade irregular parts, thereby shortening fixture changeover time and improving processing efficiency. The replacement mechanism 3 contains multiple adjustment mechanisms 4, which flexibly clamp the irregular part from different positions. Through multi-point coordinated action, the irregular part maintains a stable posture throughout the processing. Each adjustment mechanism 4 includes multiple fixed shafts 41, which are externally slidably connected to the inside of the support platform 2. The support platform 2 guides the sliding of the fixed shafts 41, allowing them to move linearly along preset tracks on the support platform 2, achieving initial adjustment of the overall position of the adjustment mechanism 4. Multiple fixed shafts 41 are externally slidably connected inside the changing mechanism 3. The changing mechanism 3 provides guidance for the sliding of the fixed shafts 41, further improving the sliding stability of the fixed shafts 41 and preventing the fixed shafts 41 from shifting during sliding. Two of the fixed shafts 41 are externally fixedly connected to one of the rubber blocks 42, and the other four fixed shafts 41 are externally fixedly connected to two more rubber blocks 42. The multiple fixed shafts 41 are connected to the multiple rubber blocks 42 by welding. The multiple rubber blocks 42 are made of highly elastic and wear-resistant rubber material, which has a certain friction force to avoid direct rigid contact with the surface of the irregular part and thus prevent scratches. They also adapt to the slight unevenness of the irregular part surface through their own elastic deformation, thereby enhancing the clamping stability. The bottom of the multiple rubber blocks 42 contacts the top of the multiple changing mechanisms 3. The changing mechanism 3 provides stable support for the rubber blocks 42. When the rubber blocks 42 come into contact with the irregular part, they are used to reduce the pressure on the rubber blocks 42, thereby extending the service life of the rubber blocks 42. The rubber block 42 is rotatably connected to a rotating ball 43. The rubber block 42 provides support for the rotation of the rotating ball 43, allowing the rotating ball 43 to rotate flexibly in all directions within the rubber block 42. A support shaft 44 is fixedly connected inside the rotating ball 43. The support shaft 44 provides sliding guidance. The rotating ball 43 is welded to the support shaft 44, thereby improving the support stability of the support shaft 44. A spring 452 is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft 44, providing support for the spring 452, ensuring that the spring 452 is evenly stressed, and thus improving the service life of the spring 452. The distal ends of multiple springs 452 are fixedly connected inside multiple rotating balls 43, which provide support for the springs 452, reducing the pressure on the springs 452 and providing support for the springs 452 to reset, thereby improving the service life of the springs 452. A reset assembly 45 is slidably connected to the outside of the support shaft 44. The support shaft 44 provides sliding guidance for the reset assembly 45, preventing the reset assembly 45 from shifting during sliding, thereby ensuring the stable reset of the reset assembly 45. Each of the multiple reset components 45 includes a sliding post 451. The near ends of multiple springs 452 are respectively fixedly connected to the far ends of the multiple sliding posts 451. The sliding posts 451 contact the irregular part, causing the sliding posts 451 to compress the springs 452, causing the springs 452 to deform under force. The springs 452 release their elastic force to drive the sliding posts 451 to reset, thereby closely adhering to the outside of the irregular part and keeping the irregular part stable. The sliding column 451 is externally slidably connected to the inside of the rotating ball 43. The rotating ball 43 has a groove inside to guide the sliding of the sliding column 451, preventing it from shifting during sliding and thus improving its sliding stability. The sliding column 451 is internally slidably connected to the outside of the support shaft 44. The support shaft 44 provides support for the sliding of the sliding column 451, preventing it from deviating during sliding and ensuring stable sliding. Rubber plates 46 are fixedly connected to the adjacent ends of multiple reset components 45. The adjacent ends of multiple sliding columns 451 are respectively fixedly connected to the distant ends of multiple rubber plates 46. The rubber plates 46 are made of soft rubber material with fine textures on the surface. When in direct contact with irregularly shaped parts, they increase friction to prevent workpiece slippage and, through their own deformation, conform to the surface of the irregularly shaped parts, achieving surface contact clamping, thereby providing a continuous and uniform clamping force. Specifically, by adjusting the positions of multiple fixed shafts 41 and multiple rubber blocks 42, the position of the irregular part is positioned to improve its stability. Through the contact between multiple rubber plates 46 and the irregular part, the irregular part compresses the multiple rubber plates 46. At the same time, the pressure is transmitted to multiple rotating balls 43 through multiple sliding columns 451. Then, the rotation of the rotating balls 43 causes the rubber plates 46 to adjust their angle, so that the rubber plates 46 fit the surface of the irregular part. Meanwhile, the sliding column 451 compresses the spring 452, causing the spring 452 to deform under force. The spring 452 releases its elasticity and drives the sliding column 451 to return to its original position. Thus, the sliding column 451 drives the rubber plates 46 to fit tightly against the surface of the irregular part, further improving the stability of the irregular part.
[0013] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The replacement mechanism 3 includes a support ring 31, which is externally slidably connected to the inside of the support platform 2. The support ring 31 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The support platform 2 provides a support base for the installation of the support ring 31, allowing the support ring 31 to slide along the axial direction of the support platform 2, thereby improving the sliding stability of the support ring 31. Multiple limiting holes 32 are provided inside the support ring 31. The shape of the multiple limiting holes 32 is adapted to multiple fixed shafts 41, providing guiding support for the sliding of the multiple fixed shafts 41, thereby providing guiding support for the position adjustment of the rubber block 42. Multiple sliding shafts 33 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support ring 31. The support ring 31 is fixed to the multiple sliding shafts 33 by welding. The sliding shafts 33 slide inside the support platform 2, thereby driving the support ring 31 to slide and be fixed inside the support platform 2. Multiple sliding plates 34 are slidably connected inside the support platform 2. The support platform 2 provides guidance for the sliding of the multiple sliding plates 34, preventing the multiple sliding plates 34 from shifting during sliding, thereby improving the sliding stability of the sliding plates 34. The support platform 2 has multiple limiting shafts 35 slidably connected inside. The external parts of the multiple limiting shafts 35 are slidably connected to the interior of multiple sliding shafts 33. The support platform 2 and the sliding shafts 33 provide support for the sliding of the limiting shafts 35. The sliding of the limiting shafts 35 causes the limiting shafts 35 to be embedded inside the sliding shafts 33, thereby fixing the sliding shafts 33. Multiple limiting shafts 35 are respectively fixedly connected to the interior of multiple sliding plates 34 at their adjacent ends. By manually pushing the sliding plates 34, the limiting shafts 35 are slidably moved within the support platform 2. Multiple sliding blocks 36 are slidably connected inside the support platform 2, and the interior of each sliding block 36 is fixedly connected to the exterior of the multiple limiting shafts 35. The support platform 2 provides guidance for the sliding of the sliding blocks 36, and the sliding of the limiting shafts 35 causes the sliding blocks 36 to slide smoothly within the support platform 2, thereby improving the sliding stability of the limiting shafts 35. Multiple fixing blocks 37 are fixedly connected inside the support platform 2, providing sliding support. The support platform 2 fixes the multiple fixing blocks 37 by welding, thereby improving the support stability of the multiple fixing blocks 37. The exterior of the multiple limiting shafts 35 is slidably connected to the interior of the multiple fixing blocks 37, and the fixing blocks 37 limit the sliding of the limiting shafts 35, preventing the limiting shafts 35 from shifting during sliding. A second spring 38 is sleeved on the outside of the limiting shaft 35. The limiting shaft 35 provides support for the second spring 38, so that the second spring 38 is evenly stressed, thereby improving the efficiency of the second spring 38. Specifically, the support ring 31 drives the sliding shaft 33 to slide and embed into the support platform 2. At the same time, by pushing the sliding plate 34, the sliding plate 34 drives the limiting shaft 35 to slide. The limiting shaft 35 drives the sliding block 36 to slide, thereby compressing the second spring 38 and causing the second spring 38 to deform under force. By being restricted by the fixing block 37, the second spring 38 releases its elastic force and drives the limiting shaft 35 to embed into the sliding shaft 33 through the sliding block 36, thereby fixing the sliding shaft 33. By pulling the sliding plate 34, the limiting shaft 35 slides out of the sliding shaft 33, thereby separating the sliding shaft 33 from the limiting shaft 35, thus allowing the support ring 31 to be replaced.
[0014] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When processing aerospace irregular parts of different specifications, the fixed shaft 41 slides under the guidance of the support platform 2 and the replacement mechanism 3, thereby driving the adjustment mechanism 4 to move to the required initial position. When clamping, the fixed shaft 41 drives the rubber block 42 to move, so that the rubber block 42 is close to the surface of the irregular part. At this time, when the irregular part contacts the surface of multiple rubber plates 46, the rotating ball 43 rotates in all directions to drive the rubber plate 46 to fit the surface of the irregular part. At the same time, the irregular part squeezes the rubber plate 46, so that the rubber plate 46 drives the sliding column 451 to slide inside the rotating ball 43. This causes the sliding column 451 to squeeze the spring 452, causing the spring 452 to deform under force. The spring 452 releases its elasticity, driving the sliding column 451 to reset, so that the rubber plate 46 fits the surface of the irregular part more closely, thereby completing the clamping of the aerospace irregular part. When the support ring 31 needs to be replaced, the sliding plate 34 is manually pulled, causing the limiting shaft 35 to slide inside the support platform 2 under the action of the supporting platform 2. During the sliding process, the limiting shaft 35 drives the sliding block 36 to slide. At this time, the spring 38 deforms due to the sliding of the sliding block 36, causing the limiting shaft 35 to slide out of the sliding shaft 33, thereby releasing the fixed state of the sliding shaft 33. This allows the support ring 31 to slide along the axial direction of the supporting platform 2. When the support ring 31 slides, the multiple limiting holes 32 inside it provide guiding support for the fixed shaft 41, allowing the fixed shaft 41 to adjust its position as the support ring 31 slides. When the support ring 31 drives the sliding shaft 33 into the support platform 2, the sliding plate 34 is released, causing the spring 38 to release its elastic potential energy, thereby pushing the limiting shaft 35 to slide in the opposite direction and re-embed itself into the sliding shaft 33, thereby fixing the sliding shaft 33 and fixing the position of the support ring 31, thus completing the quick replacement of the support ring 31.
[0015] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts, comprising a support base (1), characterized in that: The top of the support base (1) is fixedly connected to a support platform (2), and the top of the support platform (2) is provided with a replacement mechanism (3). The replacement mechanism (3) is provided with multiple adjustment mechanisms (4). Each of the multiple adjustment mechanisms (4) includes multiple fixed shafts (41). The external parts of the multiple fixed shafts (41) are slidably connected to the inside of the replacement mechanism (3). Two of the fixed shafts (41) are fixedly connected to one of the rubber blocks (42), and the other four fixed shafts (41) are fixedly connected to two other rubber blocks (42). The rubber blocks (42) are rotatably connected to a rotating ball (43). The rotating ball (43) is fixedly connected to a support shaft (44). The support shaft (44) is slidably connected to a reset assembly (45). A rubber plate (46) is fixedly connected to one end of each of the multiple reset assemblies (45).
2. The flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replacement mechanism (3) includes a support ring (31), the outside of which is slidably connected to the inside of the support platform (2). The inside of the support ring (31) is provided with multiple limiting holes (32). The bottom end of the support ring (31) is fixedly connected with multiple sliding shafts (33). The inside of the support platform (2) is slidably connected with multiple sliding plates (34). The inside of the support platform (2) is slidably connected with multiple limiting shafts (35). The inside of the support platform (2) is slidably connected with multiple sliding blocks (36). The inside of the support platform (2) is fixedly connected with multiple fixing blocks (37). The outside of the limiting shaft (35) is fitted with a spring (38).
3. The flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the reset components (45) includes a sliding post (451) which is slidably connected to the outside of the rotating ball (43), and a spring (452) is sleeved on the outside of the support shaft (44).
4. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding column (451) is internally slidably connected to the outside of the support shaft (44), and the opposite ends of the plurality of springs (452) are respectively fixedly connected to the inside of the plurality of rotating balls (43).
5. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The proximal ends of the plurality of springs (452) are respectively fixedly connected to the distal ends of the plurality of sliding columns (451), and the proximal ends of the plurality of sliding columns (451) are respectively fixedly connected to the distal ends of the plurality of rubber plates (46).
6. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external sliding connection of the plurality of fixed shafts (41) is made to the inside of the support platform (2), and the bottom of the plurality of rubber blocks (42) is in contact with the top of the plurality of replacement mechanisms (3).
7. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exterior of the plurality of limiting shafts (35) is slidably connected to the interior of the plurality of sliding shafts (33), and the interior of the plurality of sliding blocks (36) is fixedly connected to the exterior of the plurality of limiting shafts (35).
8. A flexible fixture for machining aerospace irregular-shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer ends of the plurality of limiting shafts (35) are respectively fixedly connected to the interior of the plurality of sliding plates (34), and the outer sides of the plurality of limiting shafts (35) are respectively slidably connected to the interior of the plurality of fixing blocks (37).