A glass fiber board cutting device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a glass fiber plate technical field especially relates to a glass fiber plate cutting device, including frame, set up on the glass fiber plate cutting table of frame, set up on the cutting mechanism for cutting glass fiber plate of frame, detachable set up on the dust collecting cover of glass fiber plate cutting table, open exhaust hole on dust collecting cover, set up dust collecting assembly on one side of frame, the utility model discloses dust collecting cover fixedly set up on cutting table, and the cutting activity groove for cutting mechanism activity is opened to the dust collecting cover, and the dust collecting cover is provided with dust screen, and the dust collecting assembly is connected exhaust hole through dust collecting pipeline, utilizes the negative pressure of air blower to inhale the filter cartridge in the dust into filtering, and the clean air is discharged from the exhaust port finally, thereby realizing the overall capture and efficient filtration of the glass fiber dust generated in the cutting process, significantly reduce the irritation of dust to the respiratory tract and skin of operating personnel, reduce the health hidden danger caused by glass fiber dust diffusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fiberglass board technology, and in particular to a fiberglass board cutting device. Background Technology

[0002] Fiberglass board, also known as FR-4 (the most common type of fiberglass board in the electronics industry), is a composite material made by using fiberglass cloth as reinforcement, impregnating it with adhesives such as epoxy resin, and then thermosetting it under high temperature and pressure. It is commonly used as a material for PCB base plates. Cutting and drilling fiberglass boards generates fiberglass dust, which is irritating to the respiratory tract and skin, and long-term inhalation is harmful to health. Existing patent number "CN2024217105194" discloses a fiberglass board cutting device that produces neat cuts. A rotating shaft drives a second impeller to rotate, causing airflow. Dust raised by the cutting groove is discharged through a suction port and filtered by a filter bag inside a fixed cover. However, this cutting device is exposed to the air, and the dust generated above the cutting device during cutting cannot be completely sucked into the fixed cover by the rotating shaft, still posing a health hazard to operators and urgently needs improvement. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiberglass board cutting device that addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, thereby preventing fiberglass dust generated during cutting from polluting the air and reducing the risk of dust entering the air and harming the health of operators.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a fiberglass board cutting device, comprising a frame, a fiberglass board cutting table mounted on the frame, a cutting mechanism mounted on the frame for cutting fiberglass boards, a detachable dust collection hood mounted on the fiberglass board cutting table, an exhaust hole opened on the dust collection hood, and a dust collection assembly mounted on one side of the frame. The dust collection hood has a cutting groove for the cutting mechanism to move. A plurality of dust curtains are evenly arranged horizontally on the cutting groove, with adjacent dust curtains closely arranged above the cutting groove. The dust collection assembly includes a dust collection frame mounted on one side of the frame, a fan mounting plate within the dust collection frame, a blower fixedly mounted on the fan mounting plate, and a fan mounted on the fan mounting plate. The dust collector frame includes a filter support plate, a ventilation duct on the filter support plate, a filter cylinder below the filter support plate, and a filter element inside the filter cylinder. Both the fan mounting plate and the filter support plate are sealed to the inner wall of the dust collector frame. The blower inlet extends through the bottom of the filter support plate and connects to the outlet of the ventilation duct. An exhaust port is located on the side of the dust collector frame above the fan mounting plate, and the blower outlet connects to the exhaust port. The top of the filter cylinder connects to the inlet of the ventilation duct. A dust collection duct is connected to the side wall of the dust collector frame below the filter support plate. The inlet of the dust collection duct connects to the exhaust port, and the outlet of the dust collection duct connects to the inlet of the filter cylinder.

[0005] A further improvement to the above solution is that the filter element includes a support frame, a support skeleton mesh, and filter media. The support frame is fixedly disposed on the inner side wall of the filter cylinder, the support skeleton mesh is disposed inside the support frame, and the filter media is fixedly disposed on the support skeleton mesh.

[0006] A further improvement to the above solution is that the supporting skeleton mesh is made of metal.

[0007] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the filter media is made of polyester material.

[0008] A further improvement to the above solution is that a dust collection screen is provided below the filter cartridge, and a dust collection bag is provided below the dust collection screen.

[0009] A further improvement to the above solution is that the cutting mechanism includes a cutting assembly movably disposed above the fiberglass board cutting table along the XYZ axis, and an XYZ axis driving assembly for driving the cutting assembly to move along the XYZ axis. The cutting assembly includes a cutting base, a cutting saw, and a cutting saw driving device. The cutting base is disposed above the fiberglass board cutting table, the cutting saw is rotatably disposed below the cutting base, and the cutting saw driving device is fixedly disposed inside the cutting base. The power output end of the cutting saw driving device is driven and connected to the cutting saw, and the power output end of the XYZ axis driving assembly is driven and connected to the cutting base.

[0010] A further improvement to the above scheme is that the cutting saw is a tungsten carbide saw blade.

[0011] A further improvement to the above solution is that the XYZ axis drive assembly includes two X-axis slide rails respectively disposed along the X-axis direction on the side of the frame, two X-axis slides respectively slidably disposed on the X-axis slide, an X-axis drive device respectively disposed on the X-axis slide for driving the two X-axis slides to slide, two Y-axis support frames respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis slide, a Y-axis fixed seat connected between the two Y-axis support frames, a Y-axis slide rail disposed along the Y-axis direction on the Y-axis fixed seat, a Y-axis slide slidably disposed on the Y-axis slide rail, a Y-axis drive device disposed on the Y-axis slide for driving the Y-axis slide, and a Z-axis drive device disposed on the cutting fixed seat. The power output end of the X-axis drive device drives and connects to the X-axis slide, the power output end of the Y-axis drive device drives and connects to the Y-axis slide, and the power output end of the Z-axis drive device drives the cutting drive seat to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model includes a frame, a fiberglass board cutting table mounted on the frame, a cutting mechanism mounted on the frame for cutting fiberglass boards, a detachable dust collection hood mounted on the fiberglass board cutting table, an exhaust hole opened on the dust collection hood, and a dust collection assembly mounted on one side of the frame. The dust collection hood has a cutting groove for the cutting mechanism to move. Several dust curtains are evenly arranged horizontally on the cutting groove, and two adjacent dust curtains are closely arranged above the cutting groove. The dust collection assembly includes a dust collection frame mounted on one side of the frame, a fan fixing plate mounted inside the dust collection frame, a blower fixedly mounted on the fan fixing plate, and a filter support plate mounted below the fan fixing plate. The dust collector frame includes a ventilation duct on a filter support plate, a filter cylinder below the filter support plate, and a filter element inside the filter cylinder. Both the fan mounting plate and the filter support plate are sealed to the inner wall of the dust collector frame. The blower inlet extends through the bottom of the filter support plate and connects to the outlet of the ventilation duct. An exhaust port is located on the side of the dust collector frame above the fan mounting plate, and the blower outlet connects to the exhaust port. The top of the filter cylinder connects to the inlet of the ventilation duct. A dust collection duct is connected to the side wall of the dust collector frame below the filter support plate, with the inlet of the dust collection duct connecting to the exhaust port and the outlet of the dust collection duct connecting to the inlet of the filter cylinder. This utility model's dust collection hood is fixedly installed on the cutting table. The hood has a cutting groove for the cutting mechanism to move, and a dust curtain is installed on the cutting groove, creating a flexible, dynamically openable and closed sealing barrier. When the cutting mechanism moves, it pushes open the corresponding dust curtain, while the dust curtains in other areas remain tightly closed. This minimizes the open area and effectively prevents dust from escaping upwards into the workshop air at the source. The dust collection assembly is connected to the exhaust port through a dust collection pipe. A blower generates negative pressure, drawing the dust into the filter cartridge for filtration. Finally, clean air is discharged from the exhaust port, thus achieving comprehensive capture and efficient filtration of glass fiber dust generated during the cutting process. This significantly reduces the irritation of dust to the operator's respiratory tract and skin, and reduces the health hazards caused by the escape of glass fiber dust. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting component of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the XYZ axis drive assembly of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection hood of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection component of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter element of this utility model.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Frame 1, Fiberglass board cutting table 11, Cutting mechanism 2, Cutting assembly 21, Cutting fixture 211, Cutting saw 212, Cutting saw drive device 213, XYZ axis drive assembly 22, X-axis slide rail 221, X-axis slide block 222, X-axis drive device 223, Y-axis support frame 224, Y-axis fixture 225, Y-axis slide rail 226, Y-axis slide block 227, Y-axis drive device 228, Z-axis drive device 229, ... Dust hood 3, exhaust port 31, cutting groove 32, dust curtain 33, cutting clearance groove 34, fiberglass board inlet / outlet groove 35, dust baffle 36, dust collection assembly 4, dust collection frame 41, fan mounting plate 42, blower 43, filter support plate 44, ventilation duct 45, filter cartridge 46, filter element 461, support frame 4611, support skeleton mesh 4612, filter media 4613, exhaust port 47, dust collection duct 48, dust collection net 49, dust collection bag 410. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, such as... Figure 1-7As shown, this utility model provides a fiberglass board cutting device, including a frame 1, a fiberglass board cutting table 11 mounted on the frame 1, a cutting mechanism 2 mounted on the frame 1 for cutting fiberglass boards, a detachable dust collection hood 3 mounted on the fiberglass board cutting table 11, an exhaust port 31 on the dust collection hood 3, and a dust collection assembly 4 mounted on one side of the frame 1. The dust collection hood 3 has a cutting groove 32 for the cutting mechanism 2 to move on. A plurality of dust curtains 33 are evenly arranged horizontally on the cutting groove 32, with adjacent dust curtains 33 closely arranged above the cutting groove 32. The dust collection assembly 4 includes components mounted on the frame 1... The dust collector frame 41 is located on one side. A fan mounting plate 42 is installed within the dust collector frame 41. A blower 43 is fixedly mounted on the fan mounting plate 42. A filter support plate 44 is located below the fan mounting plate 42. A ventilation duct 45 is opened on the filter support plate 44. A filter cartridge 46 is located below the filter support plate 44. A filter element 461 is installed inside the filter cartridge 46. Both the fan mounting plate 42 and the filter support plate 44 are sealed to the inner wall of the dust collector frame 41. The air inlet of the blower 43 extends through the bottom of the filter support plate 44 and connects to the outlet of the ventilation duct 45. The dust collector frame 41 is located above the fan mounting plate 42. An exhaust port 47 is provided on the side, and the air outlet of the blower 43 is connected to the exhaust port 47. The top of the filter cartridge 46 is connected to the inlet of the ventilation duct 45. A dust collection pipe 48 is connected to the side wall of the dust collection frame 41 located below the filter support plate 44. The inlet of the dust collection pipe 48 is connected to the exhaust port 31, and the outlet of the dust collection pipe 48 is connected to the inlet of the filter cartridge 46. The dust collection hood 3 is fixedly installed on the cutting table. A cutting groove 32 for the cutting mechanism 2 to move is opened on the dust collection hood 3. A dust curtain 33 is installed on the cutting groove 32, which forms a flexible, dynamically openable and closeable sealing barrier. When the cutting mechanism 2 moves, it will push open the curtain. The dust curtain 33 in the corresponding area remains tightly closed, which minimizes the open area and effectively prevents dust from escaping upwards into the workshop air at the source. The dust collection component 4 is connected to the exhaust port 31 through the dust collection pipe 48. The blower 43 generates negative pressure to draw the dust into the filter cartridge 46 for filtration. Finally, clean air is discharged from the exhaust port 47, thereby achieving comprehensive capture and efficient filtration of glass fiber dust generated during the cutting process. This significantly reduces the irritation of dust to the respiratory tract and skin of operators and reduces the health hazards caused by the escape of glass fiber dust.

[0022] In some embodiments of this utility model, a cutting clearance groove 34 is provided through the lower part of the cutting movable groove 32 on both sides of the dust collection cover 3 for the cutting mechanism 2 to be taken out and installed. A fiberglass board inlet and outlet groove 35 is provided at one of the front and rear ends of the dust collection cover 3. A dust baffle 36 is hinged on the fiberglass board inlet and outlet groove 35. The user can remove the dust collection cover 3 from the fiberglass board cutting table 11 by pulling the dust collection cover 3 upward, which is convenient for replacing and cleaning the dust collection cover 3. At the same time, the dust baffle 36 can be removed.

[0023] In some embodiments of this utility model, the dust curtain 33 can be made of polyurethane (PU) or nylon (PA). The dust curtain 33 can be pushed open by the cutting mechanism 2 and quickly rebound to restore its original shape, forming an effective seal without causing excessive resistance to the movement of the cutting mechanism 2.

[0024] The filter element 461 of this utility model includes a support frame 4611, a support skeleton mesh 4612, and filter media 4613. The support frame 4611 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the filter cylinder 46, the support skeleton mesh 4612 is disposed inside the support frame 4611, and the filter media 4613 is fixedly disposed on the support skeleton mesh 4612. The support skeleton mesh 4612 of this utility model is made of metal. In some other embodiments, the support skeleton mesh 4612 can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, which has high strength and corrosion resistance, can withstand the continuous suction force generated by the blower 43 and the impact of dust, and is not easily deformed or damaged. This enhances the durability of the filter element 461, ensures the stability of filtration performance during long-term use, and at the same time, the metal skeleton mesh can also provide good support, prevent the filter media 4613 from breaking under high pressure, and improve the reliability of the dust collection system.

[0025] The filter material 4613 of this utility model is made of polyester material. Polyester material has excellent filtration effect. Its high porosity can effectively capture micro dust particles generated by cutting glass fiber boards, including glass fiber dust that is harmful to the human body. In addition, polyester filter material 4613 is easy to clean and reuse, reducing costs.

[0026] The present invention has a dust collection net 49 below the filter cartridge 46, and a dust collection bag 410 below the dust collection net 49. The dust collection net 49 can pre-filter large dust particles, reduce the burden on the filter element 461, and avoid clogging; the dust collection bag 410 facilitates the collection and storage of filtered dust, simplifies the cleaning process, and reduces the risk of secondary dust dispersion.

[0027] The cutting mechanism 2 of this utility model includes a cutting assembly 21 movably disposed above a fiberglass cutting table 11 along the XYZ axis, and an XYZ axis driving assembly 22 for driving the cutting assembly 21 to move along the XYZ axis. The cutting assembly 21 includes a cutting fixing seat 211, a cutting saw 212, and a cutting saw driving device 213. The cutting fixing seat 211 is disposed above the fiberglass cutting table 11, the cutting saw 212 is rotatably disposed below the cutting fixing seat 211, and the cutting saw driving device 213 is fixedly disposed inside the cutting fixing seat 211. The power output end drives the cutting saw 212, and the power output end of the XYZ axis drive assembly 22 drives the cutting fixture 211. The cutting assembly 21 achieves three-dimensional precise movement through XYZ axis drive, allowing for complex-shaped cutting of fiberglass boards, improving cutting flexibility and precision. The cutting saw drive device 213 is integrated into the cutting fixture 211, making the structure compact, reducing energy loss, improving cutting efficiency, and reducing manual intervention and operational risks through automated design. At the same time, it works with the dust collection hood 3 to ensure that dust is effectively captured during the cutting process.

[0028] This utility model's cutting saw 212 uses a tungsten carbide saw blade. Tungsten carbide is a material with high hardness and high wear resistance, which can reduce saw blade wear and replacement frequency, and extend tool life. At the same time, tungsten carbide saw blades generate less heat during cutting, which helps to reduce dust emissions.

[0029] The XYZ axis drive assembly 22 of this utility model includes two X-axis slide rails 221 respectively disposed on the side of the frame 1 along the X-axis direction, two X-axis slide blocks 222 respectively slidably disposed on the X-axis slide blocks 222, X-axis drive devices 223 respectively disposed on the X-axis slide blocks 222 for driving the two X-axis slide blocks 222 to slide, two Y-axis support frames 224 respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis slide blocks 222, a Y-axis fixed seat 225 connected between the two Y-axis support frames 224, a Y-axis slide rail 226 disposed along the Y-axis direction on the Y-axis fixed seat 225, a Y-axis slide block 227 slidably disposed on the Y-axis slide rail 226, and a drive device 223 disposed on the Y-axis slide block 227 for driving the two X-axis slide blocks 222 to slide. The XYZ axis drive assembly 22 includes an X-axis slide rail 221, a Y-axis fixed seat 225, and a Z-axis drive device 229 mounted on the cutting fixed seat 211. The power output end of the X-axis drive device 223 drives and connects to the X-axis slide 222. The power output end of the Y-axis drive device 228 drives and connects to the Y-axis slide 227. The power output end of the Z-axis drive device 229 drives the cutting drive seat to move along the Z-axis. This modular drive design ensures smooth and precise movement of the cutting assembly 21 in three-dimensional space, reducing vibration and errors, and improving cutting quality and repeatability. Independent control of each axis drive device allows for automated operation, improving production efficiency. Simultaneously, it works in conjunction with the dust collection system to ensure the cutting point is within the coverage area of ​​the dust collection hood 3, maximizing dust collection efficiency.

[0030] Working principle: During operation, the operator removes the dust collection hood 3 and places the fiberglass board on the fiberglass board cutting table 11. After starting the device, the XYZ axis drive assembly 22 begins to work, driving the cutting assembly 21 to move to the predetermined position. The Z-axis drive device 229 descends, causing the cutting saw 212 to contact the board. At the same time, the cutting saw drive device 213 starts, driving the cutting saw 212 to rotate at high speed and begin cutting. During the cutting process, the fiberglass board is pulverized, generating a large amount of harmful glass fiber dust. The dust collection hood 3 completely encloses the entire cutting area, forming a large sealed cavity to confine the dust inside. Several dust curtains 33 above the cutting groove 32 push open the dust curtains when the cutting mechanism 2 moves. The curtain 33, and the adjacent dust-proof curtains 33 are always closely arranged, which ensures the free movement of the cutting mechanism 2 while preventing dust from escaping upward from the gap of the active slot into the workshop air to the greatest extent, thus achieving "dynamic sealing"; the blower 43 in the dust collection assembly 4 starts, generating a strong and continuous negative pressure at its air inlet end. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust-laden air confined in the dust collection hood 3 is quickly sucked into the dust collection pipe 48 through the exhaust hole 31 on the hood wall. The dust collection pipe 48 transports the dust-laden air to the dust collection frame 41 and enters the filter cartridge 46 from its bottom. The dust-laden air entering the filter cartridge 46 first impacts the cylinder wall, and some large and heavy dust particles settle directly under inertia. If the device is equipped with a dust collection net 49, it can further intercept larger particles, play a pre-filtration role, and protect the core filter element 461. The dust intercepted by the filter element 461 will fall to the bottom of the filter cartridge 46 by its own gravity or during the dust cleaning action such as when the machine stops, and fall into the dust collection bag 410. The dust collection bag 410 is easy to remove, clean or replace regularly, realizing the centralized and harmless treatment of dust.

[0031] Of course, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present utility model patent application are included in the scope of the present utility model patent application.

Claims

1. A fiberglass board cutting device, characterized in that: The system includes a frame (1), a fiberglass board cutting table (11) mounted on the frame (1), a cutting mechanism (2) mounted on the frame (1) for cutting fiberglass boards, a detachable dust collection hood (3) mounted on the fiberglass board cutting table (11), an exhaust port (31) on the dust collection hood (3), and a dust collection assembly (4) mounted on one side of the frame (1). The dust collection hood (3) has a cutting groove (32) for the cutting mechanism (2) to move. The cutting groove (32) has a cutting groove along its upper edge. Several dust curtains (33) are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction. Two adjacent dust curtains (33) are closely arranged above the cutting groove (32). The dust collection assembly (4) includes a dust collection frame (41) set on one side of the frame (1), a fan fixing plate (42) set in the dust collection frame (41), a blower (43) fixed on the fan fixing plate (42), a filter support plate (44) set below the fan fixing plate (42), and a filter support plate (44) opened on the filter support plate (44). The dust collector frame (41) consists of a ventilation duct (45), a filter cylinder (46) located below the filter support plate (44), and a filter element (461) located inside the filter cylinder (46). The fan mounting plate (42) and the filter support plate (44) are both sealed to the inner wall of the dust collector frame (41). The air inlet of the blower (43) extends through and below the filter support plate (44) and connects to the outlet of the ventilation duct (45). The dust collector frame (41) is located on the fan mounting plate (42). An exhaust port (47) is provided on one side above the filter cylinder (46). The air outlet of the blower (43) is connected to the exhaust port (47). The top of the filter cylinder (46) is connected to the inlet of the ventilation duct (45). The dust collection frame (41) is located on the side wall below the filter support plate (44) and is connected to a dust collection pipe (48). The inlet of the dust collection pipe (48) is connected to the exhaust hole (31), and the outlet of the dust collection pipe (48) is connected to the inlet of the filter cylinder (46).

2. The fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element (461) includes a support frame (4611), a support skeleton mesh (4612), and a filter media (4613). The support frame (4611) is fixedly disposed on the inner side wall of the filter cylinder (46), the support skeleton mesh (4612) is disposed inside the support frame (4611), and the filter media (4613) is fixedly disposed on the support skeleton mesh (4612).

3. The fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting skeleton mesh (4612) is made of metal.

4. The fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter media (4613) is made of polyester material.

5. The fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dust collection net (49) is provided below the filter cylinder (46), and a dust collection bag (410) is provided below the dust collection net (49).

6. The fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism (2) includes a cutting assembly (21) movably disposed above the fiberglass cutting table (11) along the XYZ axis, and an XYZ axis drive assembly (22) for driving the cutting assembly (21) to move along the XYZ axis. The cutting assembly (21) includes a cutting fixture (211), a cutting saw (212), and a cutting saw drive device (213). The cutting fixture (211) is disposed above the fiberglass cutting table (11), the cutting saw (212) is rotatably disposed below the cutting fixture (211), and the cutting saw drive device (213) is fixedly disposed inside the cutting fixture (211). The power output end of the cutting saw drive device (213) is driven and connected to the cutting saw (212), and the power output end of the XYZ axis drive assembly (22) is driven and connected to the cutting fixture (211).

7. A fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting saw (212) is a tungsten carbide saw blade.

8. A fiberglass board cutting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The XYZ axis drive assembly (22) includes two X-axis slide rails (221) respectively disposed on the side of the frame (1) along the X-axis direction, two X-axis slides (222) respectively slidably disposed on the X-axis slide (222), an X-axis drive device (223) respectively disposed on the X-axis slide (222) for driving the two X-axis slides (222) to slide, two Y-axis support frames (224) respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis slides (222), a Y-axis fixed seat (225) connected between the two Y-axis support frames (224), and a Y-axis slide rail disposed on the Y-axis fixed seat (225) along the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis slide rail (226), the Y-axis slide block (227) slidably mounted on the Y-axis slide rail (226), the Y-axis drive device (228) mounted on the Y-axis slide block (227) for driving the Y-axis slide block (227) to slide, and the Z-axis drive device (229) mounted on the cutting fixed seat (211). The power output end of the X-axis drive device (223) drives and connects to the X-axis slide block (222), the power output end of the Y-axis drive device (228) drives and connects to the Y-axis slide block (227), and the power output end of the Z-axis drive device (229) drives the cutting drive seat to move along the Z-axis direction.

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